Wiebe Rethinking Social Integration

Comparing Martha Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach and Friedrich Heckmann's Theory of Integration for the Context of Refugees
1. Auflage 2020
ISBN: 978-3-8288-7448-0
Verlag: Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, Band 93, 181 Seiten

Reihe: Wissenschaftliche Beiträge aus dem Tectum Verlag: Sozialwissenschaften

This book is a reaction to the "refugee-crisis" in 2015 and the ensuing demand of science and practice for a stronger focus on the potentials and abilities of refugees in the integration process. To direct the focus of integration theories away from the weaknesses and towards the capabilities of the refugees, Heckmann's Integration Theory – based on a comparative analysis – is related to Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach via interlinking both theories. The results show that an integration theory with the focus on the capabilities of the refugees empowers the individual immigrant to become a valued and active participant in the integration process. This study was researched using the situation in Germany as an example, but the results are transferable to social integration contexts in other countries as well and may give non-governmental organisations, social workers and government agencies an orientation for their future aid programming.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Wiebe, Lilija

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgments;6
2;Abstract;8
3;Foreword;10
4;Acronyms;12
5;Table of contents;16
6;List of figures;20
7;List of tables;21
8;1 Introduction and background;24
8.1;1.1 Introduction;24
8.2;1.2 Background to the research problem;25
8.3;1.3 Problem statement;28
8.4;1.4 Research Objectives;28
8.5;1.5 Scope and limitations of the study;28
8.6;1.6 Importance of the study;29
8.7;1.7 Research methodology;30
8.8;1.8 Ethical considerations;31
8.9;1.9 Clarification of key terms;31
8.10;1.10 Chapter layout;35
9;2 Migration and forced displacement worldwide and in Germany;38
9.1;2.1 Introduction;38
9.2;2.2 Migration and forced displacement worldwide;39
9.2.1;2.2.1 Migration in history;39
9.2.2;2.2.2 Latest history;42
9.3;2.3 Migration in German history;43
9.3.1;2.3.1 History of migration to Germany;43
9.3.2;2.3.2 Latest history of migration to Germany;49
9.4;2.4 Integration policies and programmes in Germany;50
9.4.1;2.4.1 Critical review of European regulations;50
9.4.2;2.4.2 Critical review of Germany’s policies and programmes;52
9.4.2.1;2.4.2.1 Legal framework;52
9.4.2.2;2.4.2.2 Life situation of the refugees;55
9.4.2.3;2.4.2.3 Coalition agreement of the German Government;57
9.5;2.5 Conclusion;58
10;3 Theoretical framework;60
10.1;3.1 Introduction;60
10.2;3.2 Integration;60
10.2.1;3.2.1 Academic approaches to integration in Germany;62
10.2.2;3.2.2 Integration indicators and barriers;64
10.2.3;3.2.3 Critique of Integration Theories;65
10.3;3.3 Empowerment;67
10.3.1;3.3.1 Dimensions, elements and degrees of empowerment;68
10.3.2;3.3.2 Empowerment to action;70
10.3.3;3.3.3 Critique of the Empowerment Approach;70
10.4;3.4 Conclusion;72
11;4 Methodology;74
11.1;4.1 Introduction;74
11.2;4.2 Theory Comparison;74
11.2.1;4.2.1 Approaches to theory comparison;74
11.2.2;4.2.2 Coordinated Theory Comparison;76
11.2.3;4.2.3 Characteristic of the comparison;77
11.3;4.3 Use of literature sources for the comparison;79
11.4;4.4 Ethical consideration;80
11.5;4.5 Conclusion;80
12;5 The theory of successful integration by Friedrich Heckmann;82
12.1;5.1 Introduction;82
12.2;5.2 Heckmann’s Theory of Successful Integration and its relation to the capabilities of refugees;82
12.2.1;5.2.1 Dimensions of individual integration;82
12.2.2;5.2.2 Process of integration;84
12.2.3;5.2.3 Resources of refugees and Heckmann’s Theory of Integration;87
12.2.4;5.2.4 The link between Heckmann’s four dimensions and successful integration;88
12.2.4.1;5.2.4.1 Social integration;89
12.2.4.2;5.2.4.2 Cultural integration;90
12.2.4.3;5.2.4.3 Structural integration;91
12.2.4.4;5.2.4.4 Identificational integration;92
12.2.4.5;5.2.5 Examples of the application of Heckmann’s integration theory in practice;94
12.3;5.3 Strengths and limitations of Heckmann’s Integration Theory for the integration of refugees in Germany;95
12.3.1;5.3.1 Strengths;95
12.3.1.1;5.3.1.1 The contents of the theory are comprehensive;95
12.3.1.2;5.3.1.2 The four dimensions of Heckmann’s theory are holistic;96
12.3.1.3;5.3.1.3 Social integration is integration of the individual person;96
12.3.2;5.3.2 Limitations;96
12.3.2.1;5.3.2.1 In Heckmann’s theory the responsibility for successful cultural integration lies mainly with the migrants;96
12.3.2.2;5.3.2.2 In Heckmann’s theory the social and cultural capital/capabilities of the migrants have no decisive role;98
12.4;5.4 Conclusions;99
12.4.1;5.4.1 Immigrants have capabilities;99
12.4.2;5.4.2 The condition of successful integration in all four dimensions is the participation of migrants and the host society in the integration process;99
12.4.2.1;5.4.2.1 Social integration: Experiences in social communities can serve as basis;99
12.4.2.2;5.4.2.2 Cultural integration: Both the migrants and the host society need help to be able to contribute to the integration process;100
12.4.2.3;5.4.2.3 Structural Integration: Diverse “door openers” are needed;101
12.4.2.4;5.4.2.4 Identificational Integration: mutual respect is required;103
12.4.3;5.4.3 Heckmann’s theory lacks the potential-oriented dimension of integration;103
12.4.4;5.4.4 Summary;104
13;6 The Capabilities Approach according to Martha Nussbaum;106
13.1;6.1 Introduction;106
13.2;6.2 The Capabilities Approach and its relation to the integration of refugees;106
13.2.1;6.2.1 The basics of the Capabilities Approach;106
13.2.1.1;6.2.1.1 Basic, internal and combined capabilities;107
13.2.1.2;6.2.1.2 Application of the Capabilities Approach in different societies;110
13.2.1.3;6.2.1.3 Focus on capabilities or functionings;111
13.2.1.4;6.2.1.4 Normative claims, exercises and influence of the Capabilites Approach;112
13.2.1.5;6.2.1.5 Criticism;113
13.2.2;6.2.2 Links between the capabilities of refugees and integration of immigrants;115
13.2.2.1;6.2.2.1 Capability “Affiliation” and social integration;117
13.2.2.2;6.2.2.2 Capabilities “Practical reason”, “Senses, imagination, and thoughts” and cultural integration;118
13.2.2.3;6.2.2.3 Capability “Control over one’s environment” and structural integration;120
13.2.2.4;6.2.2.4 Capability “Emotions” and identificational integration;121
13.2.3;6.2.3 Application of the Capabilities Approach with the refugee issue;121
13.2.3.1;6.2.3.1 The Capability Approach to Environmental Refugees;122
13.2.3.2;6.2.3.2 Capabilities via communities: the education and training role of Refugee Community Organisations;122
13.3;6.3 Strengths and limitations of the Capabilities Approach as the basis of an integration theory;123
13.3.1;6.3.1 Strengths;124
13.3.1.1;6.3.1.1 The Capabilities Approach is interdisciplinary;124
13.3.1.2;6.3.1.2 The approach is focused on the individual;124
13.3.1.3;6.3.1.3 The focus of the Capabilities Approach is on capabilities and not on weaknesses;125
13.3.1.4;6.3.1.4 The Capabilities Approach is empowering;126
13.3.1.5;6.3.1.5 Combined capabilities are the connecting link between the immigrant and the host society;126
13.3.2;6.3.2 Limitations;127
13.3.2.1;6.3.2.1 Citizens – who qualifies?;127
13.3.2.2;6.3.2.2 Freedom of choice: Does that fit into the context of German integration politics?;129
13.4;6.4 Conclusions;130
13.4.1;6.4.1 Refugees have capabilities and dignity;130
13.4.2;6.4.2 The Capabilities Approach and the concept of integration share important contents;130
13.4.3;6.4.3 The recognition of the personal capabilities of the individual refugee supports integration;131
13.4.4;6.4.4 The Capabilities Approach is suited to serve as the basis of an integration theory;131
13.4.5;6.4.5 Summary;132
14;7 Interconnection of the theories;134
14.1;7.1 Introduction;134
14.2;7.2 Basis for the interconnection;134
14.2.1;7.2.1 Problem area which needs a complementary solution;134
14.2.2;7.2.2 Connection between Affiliation and social integration;137
14.2.3;7.2.3 Connection among “Practical reason”, “Senses, imagination, and thought” and cultural integration;138
14.2.4;7.2.4 Connection between “Control over one’s environment” and structural integration;139
14.2.5;7.2.5 Connection between ”Emotions” and identificational integration;140
14.3;7.3 Empowerment as framework of the interconnection;141
14.4;7.4 Interconnection of the theories;143
14.5;7.5 Justification of the Capabilities-oriented Integration Theory and Recommendations;151
14.5.1;7.5.1 Justifications of the Capabilities-oriented Integration Theory;151
14.5.1.1;7.5.1.1 The Capabilities-oriented Integration Theory is similar to Heckmann’s Integration Theory;151
14.5.1.2;7.5.1.2 The Capabilities-oriented Integration Theory has its justification in the Empowerment Approach;152
14.5.1.3;7.5.1.3 The Capabilites-oriented Integration Theory meets what is required by practice and literature;152
14.5.2;7.5.2 Recommendations;154
14.5.2.1;7.5.2.1 Recommendations for the implementation of the Capabilities-oriented Integration Theory;154
14.5.2.2;7.5.2.2 Recommendation for further research;159
14.6;7.6 Conclusion;160
15;Bibliography;162