Quantitative Health Risk Analysis Methods

Modeling the Human Health Impacts of Antibiotics Used in Food Animals
1. Auflage. Softcover version of original hardcover Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-1-4419-3850-3
Verlag: Springer US

Buch, Englisch, Band 82, 354 Seiten, Previously published in hardcover, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 569 g

Reihe: International Series in Operations Research & Management Science

This book grew out of an effort to salvage a potentially useful idea for greatly simplifying traditional quantitative risk assessments of the human health consequences of using antibiotics in food animals. In 2001, the United States FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) (FDA-CVM, 2001) published a risk assessment model for potential adverse human health consequences of using a certain class of antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, to treat flocks of chickens with fatal respiratory disease caused by infectious bacteria. CVM’s concern was that fluoroquinolones are also used in human medicine, raising the possibility that fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of bacteria selected by use of fluoroquinolones in chickens might infect humans and then prove resistant to treatment with human medicines in the same class of antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin. As a foundation for its risk assessment model, CVM proposed a dramatically simple approach that skipped many of the steps in traditional risk assessment. The basic idea was to assume that human health risks were directly proportional to some suitably defined exposure metric. In symbols: Risk = K × Exposure, where “Exposure” would be defined in terms of a metric such as total production of chicken contaminated with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria that might cause human illnesses, and “Risk” would describe the expected number of cases per year of human illness due to fluoroquinolone-resistant bacterial infections caused by chicken and treated with fluoroquinolones.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Cox Jr., Louis Anthony

Fachgebiete

• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften: Forschung und Information Datenanalyse, Datenverarbeitung
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Umweltmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin, Tropenmedizin, Sportmedizin Umweltmedizin
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Betriebswirtschaft Wirtschaftsmathematik und -statistik
• Mathematik | Informatik Mathematik Stochastik Mathematische Statistik
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Volkswirtschaftslehre Volkswirtschaftslehre Allgemein Ökonometrie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Pharmakologie, Toxikologie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Medizinische Mathematik & Informatik
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Lebensmitteltechnologie und Getränketechnologie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Ernährungsmedizin, Diätetik
• Geowissenschaften Umweltwissenschaften Angewandte Ökologie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Veterinärmedizin Veterinärmedizin: Pharmakologie & Toxikologie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Public Health, Gesundheitsmanagement, Gesundheitsökonomie, Gesundheitspolitik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis.- Risk Analysis: Goals and Methods.- Hazard Identification.- Exposure Assessment.- Dose-Response Modeling and Risk Characterization.- Human Health Risks from Virginiamycin: A Case Study.- Dynamic Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis.- Potential Human Health Benefits of Animal Antibiotics.