Buch, Englisch, 352 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 234 mm, Gewicht: 671 g
Buch, Englisch, 352 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 234 mm, Gewicht: 671 g
ISBN: 978-1-78945-233-4
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
Fascinating discoveries have been made in recent years in the fields of the infinitely large and the infinitely small, and unexpected connections have emerged between these previously independent domains. Quantum physics, which challenges the way we conceive the reality around us, contributes to our attempt at understanding the greatest mysteries of cosmology on the scale of the Universe as a whole.
Recent astronomical observations, made with increasingly powerful instruments, have led us to understand that only 5% of what constitutes the Universe is known to us. Understanding the remaining 95% leads us to use quantum physics, which seems to indicate that the world around us is not as real as it intuitively appears to be.
Quantum Physics and Cosmology presents, in as accessible a manner as possible, the state of the art in these various scientific fields.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
Introduction xiii
Hervé ZWIRN
Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to Quantum Mechanics and a Review of Interpretations 1
Hervé ZWIRN
1.1 Quantum formalism 2
1.1.1 States and observations 2
1.1.2 Evolution of the state of a system without and with measurement 3
1.2 The measurement problem 4
1.3 Interpretations 7
1.3.1 Changes in formalism 7
1.3.2 The Copenhagen interpretation 8
1.3.3 The dualist interpretation of von Neumann, Wigner, London and Bauer 9
1.3.4 Everett’s interpretation 10
1.3.5 Relational interpretation 11
1.3.6 QBism 11
1.3.7 Pragmatism 12
1.3.8 Convivial solipsism 13
1.4 Conclusion 14
Chapter 2 Bohrian Realism 15
Thomas RYCKMAN
2.1 The observational problem 16
2.2 Objectivity 18
2.3 Subject and object 19
2.4 Redefining “phenomenon” 24
2.5 Realism, without representationalism 27
2.6 References 30
Chapter 3 The Many-worlds View of Quantum Mechanics 33
Lev VAIDMAN
Chapter 4 Probability in Everett 53
Jeffrey A. BARRETT
4.1 Introduction 53
4.2 How Everett understood the measurement problem 55
4.3 Relative records and subjective experience 58
4.4 Everett’s account of probability 61
4.5 Strong adequacy and pure wave mechanics 65
4.6 Splitting worlds and self-location 66
4.7 Two metaphysical options 68
4.8 Interacting worlds 72
4.9 Discussion 73
4.10 References 74
Chapter 5 Quantum Theory from a Pragmatist Perspective 79
Richard HEALEY
5.1 A pragmatist perspective 79
5.2 How quantum theory implements the novel strategy 82
5.3 No measurement problem 86
5.4 No nonlocal action 88
5.5 Application of quantum field models 91
5.6 Wigner’s friend 93
5.7 Extending Wigner’s friend 94
5.8 Four kinds of quantum relativism 100
5.9 References 106
Chapter 6 The Role of the Observer: Convivial Solipsism 109
Hervé ZWIRN
6.1 Current interpretations 109
6.1.1 Philosophical positions 109
6.1.2 Realism 110
6.1.3 Idealism 110
6.1.4 Instrumentalism and pragmatism 111
6.1.5 Changes in formalism 111
6.1.6 The Copenhagen school 111
6.1.7 The dualist interpretation of von Neumann, Wigner, London and Bauer 112
6.1.8 Pragmatism 113
6.1.9 Relational interpretation 113
6.1.10 QBism 114
6.1.11 Everett’s interpretation 115
6.2 Convivial Solipsism 115
6.2.1 The hanging-on mechanism 117
6.2.2 Relativity yet conviviality 120
6.2.3 Empirical reality and phenomenal reality 123
6.2.4 The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox 124
6.2.5 Is there really such a thing as non-locality? 126
6.3 Conclusion 129
6.4 References 131
Chapter 7 Copenhagenish Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics 133
David SCHMID, Yìlè YING and Matthew S. LEIFER
7.1 Introduction 134
7.2 Copenhagenish interpretations 137
7.2.1 Four defining postulates 137
7.2.2 What Copenhagenish interpretations are not 147
7.2.3 Shifty splits 152
7.3 The measurement problem 155
7.4 Wigner’s friend 158
7.4.1 Wigner’s enemy 161
7.4.2 Wigner’s stalkee and penpal 164
7.5 Conclusion 166
7.6 Acknowledgments 167
7.7 References 167
Chapter 8 Dark Energy 171
Nathalie PALANQUE-DELABROUILLE
8.1 The expanding universe 171
8.2 First clues to the existence of dark energy 173
8.3 What could the nature of dark energy be? 175
8.4 The standard model of cosmology 177
8.5 Observational approaches to deciphering dark energy 180
8.6 The origin of a standard ruler for measuring cosmic expansion 182
8.7 DESI and large-scale galaxy surveys 184
8.8 A new turning point for dark energy? 186
8.9 Conclusion 190
8.10 References 191
Chapter 9 Dark Matter 193
Françoise COMBES
9.1 A brief historical overview 193
9.2 On a galaxy scale: rotation curves of spiral galaxies 197
9.3 Scaling relationships for rotation curves 198
9.4 Galaxies without dark matter: intriguing exceptions 201
9.5 Dark matter on the scale of galaxy clusters 202
9.6 Cosmic shear and cluster collisions: revealing dark matter 204
9.7 The cosmic microwave background: a measurement of unparalleled precision 206
9.8 Dark matter solutions 208
9.9 Experiments for the direct detection of dark matter 211
9.10 Indirect detection of dark matter 212
9.11 Modified gravity 213
9.12 Conclusion 216
9.13 References 216
Chapter 10 Gravitational Waves 219
Matteo BARSUGLIA and Simone MASTROGIOVANNI
10.1 Introduction 219
10.2 Gravitational waves in the framework of the general relativity theory 220
10.3 Gravitational wave sources 221
10.4 Gravitational wave detectors 222
10.5 The first gravitational wave detection, GW150914 225
10.6 GW170817 multimessenger observation 226
10.7 The LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA observations 227
10.8 The astrophysical properties of compact binary coalescences 229
10.9 Cosmology with populations of gravitational waves 231
10.10 Tests of general relativity with a population of gravitational waves 232
10.11 Future detectors: Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer and LISA 233
10.12 References 235
Chapter 11 What is the Energy of the Vacuum? 239
Bruno MANSOULIÉ
11.1 Introduction 239
11.2 General relativity 240
11.2.1 The foundations of GR and its successes 240
11.2.2 The cosmological constant 242
11.3 A rapidly expanding universe 242
11.3.1 Vacuum energy interpretation 243
11.4 Quantum field theory: the basics 244
11.4.1 Non-relativistic quantum theory: ground state 244
11.4.2 Relativistic quantum theory: the basics, the successes 244
11.4.3 Problems of quantum field theory: infinities, renormalization 245
11.3 Vacuum energy in a QFT 247
11.3.1 Naive estimate 247
11.3.2 Toward a better estimate? 248
11.3.3 A few leads 249
11.3.4 Tracks in particle physics 252
11.3.5 General relativity tracks 253
11.4 Conclusion 254
11.5 References 255
Chapter 12 Temporality in Relativistic Space–time 257
Marc LACHIÈZE-REY
12.1 Relativistic temporal effects 257
12.2 From time to space–time 258
12.2.1 Aspects of Newtonian time 258
12.2.2 Space–time 260
12.2.3 Histories and proper durations 260
12.2.4 RTEs in space–time 261
12.3 Time shifts 262
12.3.1 Spectral shifts 263
12.3.2 Kinematic shift 264
12.3.3 Gravitational shifts 265
12.3.4 Pound and Rebka’s experiment 265
12.3.5 At the Tokyo Tower 266
12.3.6 Astrophysical gravitational shifts 266
12.4 Time delays 267
12.4.1 Hafele–Keating experiment: shifts and delays 268
12.4.2 Shifts, delays and GPS 269
12.4.3 Close to a black hole 269
12.4.4 The Shapiro delay 270
12.5 What to do with time 271
12.5.1 Time and the speed of time 271
12.5.2 The speed of time 273
12.6 Conclusion 274
Chapter 13 A History of Thought Experiments in Quantum Gravity 275
Thiago HARTZ and Olival FREIRE JUNIOR
13.1 Introduction 275
13.2 Thoughts experiments before quantum theory 276
13.3 Thought experiments in quantum theory 278
13.4 Thought experiments turned real 280
13.5 Approaches to quantum gravity 281
13.6 Thought experiments in quantum gravity 284
13.6.1 Analogy between gravitation and electromagnetism 284
13.6.2 Proper order between formalism and measurement analysis 285
13.6.3 The search for inconsistencies and contradictions 288
13.6.4 The experiment suggested by Belinfante and Feynman 292
13.6.5 General relativity as a theory valid only for small fluctuations 293
13.7 Promises of experimental quantum gravity 295
13.8 Conclusions 296
13.9 Acknowledgements 297
13.10 References 297
Chapter 14 Possibility in Physics 303
Baptiste LE BIHAN, Emilia MARGONI and Annica VIESER
14.1 Introduction 303
14.2 Classical mechanics 305
14.3 Kinematical and dynamical possibilities 308
14.4 General relativity 311
14.5 Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics 315
14.6 Concluding remarks 319
14.7 Acknowledgments 321
14.8 References 321
List of Authors 323
Index 325
