Zohuri Hybrid Energy Systems

Driving Reliable Renewable Sources of Energy Storage
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-70721-1
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 296 Seiten

This book discusses innovations in the field of hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) and covers the durability, practicality, cost-effectiveness, and utility of a HESS.  It demonstrates how the coupling of two or more energy storage technologies can interact with and support renewable energy power systems.  Different structures of stand-alone renewable energy power systems with hybrid energy storage systems such as passive, semi-active, and active hybrid energy storage systems are examined.  A detailed review of the state-of-the-art control strategies, such as classical control strategies and intelligent control strategies for renewable energy power systems with hybrid energy storage systems are highlighted. The future trends for combination and control of the two systems are also discussed.

Bahman Zohuri is currently at the Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Inc. a consulting company that he stared himself in 1991 when he left both semiconductor and defense industries after many years working as a chief scientist. He is also presently holding position of Research Professor at department of Electrical and Computer at University of New Mexico. After graduating from University of Illinois in field of Physics and Applied Mathematics, he joined Westinghouse Electric Corporation where he performed thermal hydraulic analysis and natural circulation for Inherent Shutdown Heat Removal System (ISHRS) in the core of a Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) as a secondary fully inherent shut system for secondary loop heat exchange. All these designs were, used for Nuclear Safety and Reliability Engineering for Self-Actuated Shutdown System. He designed the Mercury Heat Pipe and Electromagnetic Pumps for Large Pool Concepts of LMFBR for heat rejection purpose for this reactor around 1978 where he received a patent for it. He later on was transferred to defense division of Westinghouse where he was responsible for the dynamic analysis and method of launch and handling of MX missile out of canister. He later on was consultant at Sandia National Laboratory after leaving United States Navy. Dr. Zohuri earned his Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Physics from the University of Illinois and his second Master degree in Mechanical Engineering as well as his doctorate in Nuclear Engineering from University of New Mexico. He has been, awarded three patents, and has published 26 textbooks and numerous other journal publications.He did few years of consulting under his company Galaxy Advanced Engineering with Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), where he was supporting development of operational hazard assessments for the Air Force Safety Center (AFSC) in connection with other interest parties. Intended use of the results was their eventual inclusion in Air Force Instructions (AFIs) specifically issued for Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) operational safety. He completed the first version of a comprehensive library of detailed laser tools for Airborne Laser (ABL), Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL), Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL), Mobile/Tactical High Energy Laser (M-THEL), etc.He also was responsible on SDI computer programs involved with Battle Management C3 and artificial Intelligent, and autonomous system. He is author few publications and holds various patents such as Laser Activated Radioactive Decay and Results of Thru-Bulkhead Initiation.Recently he has published over 23 other books with Springer Publishing Company and CRC and Francis Taylor on different subjects and they all can be found under his name on Amazon.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Zohuri, Bahman

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Dedication;6
2;Preface;7
3;Acknowledgments;9
4;Contents;10
5;About the Author;15
6;Chapter 1: Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems;17
6.1;1.1 Introduction to Hybrid Energy System;17
6.1.1;1.1.1 Hybrid System as Source of Renewable Energy;24
6.2;1.2 Energy Storage Systems;26
6.3;1.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES);27
6.3.1;1.3.1 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES);28
6.3.2;1.3.2 Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (AA-CAES);32
6.4;1.4 Variable Electricity with Base-Load Reactor Operation;35
6.5;1.5 Why We Need Nuclear Power;42
6.5.1;1.5.1 The Merits of Total Transformation;43
6.5.2;1.5.2 The Downsides of Monoculture;45
6.5.3;1.5.3 The Other Zero-Carbon Energy: Nuclear;46
6.5.4;1.5.4 A Diverse Portfolio;49
6.6;1.6 Security of Energy Supply;50
6.7;1.7 Environmental Quality;51
6.8;References;53
7;Chapter 2: Cryogenic Technologies;55
7.1;2.1 Introduction;55
7.2;2.2 Low Temperature in Science and Technology;57
7.3;2.3 Defining Cryogenic Fluids or Liquids;62
7.3.1;2.3.1 Defining Cryogenic Fluids or Liquids;63
7.3.2;2.3.2 Thermophysical Properties;67
7.3.3;2.3.3 Liquid Boil-off;67
7.3.4;2.3.4 Cryogen Usage for Equipment Cooldown;68
7.3.5;2.3.5 Phase Domains;69
7.3.6;2.3.6 Personal Protective Equipment to Be Worn;70
7.3.7;2.3.7 Handling Cryogenic Liquids;70
7.3.8;2.3.8 Storing Cryogenic Liquids;71
7.3.9;2.3.9 Hazards of Cryogenic Liquids;71
7.3.10;2.3.10 General Hazards of Cryogenic Liquids;72
7.4;2.4 Heat Transfer and Thermal Design;72
7.4.1;2.4.1 Solid Conduction;73
7.4.2;2.4.2 Radiation;74
7.4.3;2.4.3 Convection;75
7.4.4;2.4.4 Gas Conduction;76
7.4.5;2.4.5 Multilayer Insulation;77
7.4.6;2.4.6 Vapor Cooling of Necks and Supports;78
7.5;2.5 Refrigeration and Liquefaction;80
7.5.1;2.5.1 Thermodynamics of Refrigeration;80
7.5.2;2.5.2 Helium Refrigerators Versus Liquefiers;82
7.5.3;2.5.3 Real Cycles and Refrigeration Equipment;83
7.6;2.6 Industrial Applications;86
7.6.1;2.6.1 Cryogenic Processing for Alloy Hardening;89
7.6.2;2.6.2 Cryogenic Fuels;90
7.6.3;2.6.3 Cryogenic Application in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR);90
7.6.4;2.6.4 Cryogenic Application in Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI);90
7.6.5;2.6.5 Cryogenic Application in Frozen Food Transport;91
7.6.6;2.6.6 Cryogenic Application in Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR);92
7.6.7;2.6.7 Cryogenic Application in Space;94
7.6.8;2.6.8 Cryogenic in Blood Banking, Medicine, and Surgery;96
7.6.9;2.6.9 Cryogenic in Manufacturing Process;98
7.6.10;2.6.10 Cryogenic in Recycling of Materials;99
7.7;2.7 Cryogenic Application in Research;99
7.7.1;2.7.1 Research Overview;99
7.7.2;2.7.2 Right: Lightweight, High Efficiency Cryocooler;100
7.7.3;2.7.3 Background;101
7.7.4;2.7.4 Right Liquefier Demo and Cryogenic Insulation Test Facility;101
7.8;2.8 Cryogenic Fluid Management;101
7.8.1;2.8.1 Benefits;102
7.9;2.9 Conclusion;102
7.10;References;103
8;Chapter 3: Reliable Renewables with Cryogenic Energy Storage;105
8.1;3.1 Introduction;105
8.2;3.2 Cryogenic Application in Electric Power Transmission within Big Cities;107
8.3;3.3 The Basic of Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES);109
8.4;3.4 Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES);109
8.5;3.5 Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) Characteristics;110
8.5.1;3.5.1 Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) a Wise Investment;111
8.6;3.6 Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) in Nuclear Power Plants;113
8.6.1;3.6.1 Proposed Combined Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) in Nuclear Power Plants;117
8.7;References;119
9;Chapter 4: Types of Renewable Energy;120
9.1;4.1 Introduction;120
9.2;4.2 What Are the Different Types of Renewable Energies?;121
9.2.1;4.2.1 Biomass;122
9.2.2;4.2.2 Solar Power;124
9.2.3;4.2.3 Wind Power;128
9.2.4;4.2.4 Tidal Power;129
9.2.5;4.2.5 Geothermal;130
9.3;4.3 Top Ten Renewable Energy Sources;131
9.3.1;4.3.1 Nuclear Power;132
9.3.2;4.3.2 Compressed Natural Gas;133
9.3.3;4.3.3 Biomass;134
9.3.4;4.3.4 Geothermal Power;134
9.3.5;4.3.5 Radiant Energy;137
9.3.6;4.3.6 Hydroelectricity Power Source;137
9.3.7;4.3.7 Wind Power;139
9.3.8;4.3.8 Solar Power;140
9.3.9;4.3.9 Wave Power;141
9.3.10;4.3.10 Tidal Power;142
9.4;4.4 How to Indirectly Participate in Any or All of These Sustainable Energy Solutions;143
9.5;4.5 Renewable Energy Certificates;144
9.5.1;4.5.1 Which Technologies Qualify for Certification?;145
9.5.2;4.5.2 Bottom Line on Renewable Energy Certification;146
9.6;4.6 Issues with Adoption Forms of Renewable Source of Energy;148
9.7;References;148
10;Chapter 5: Hydrogen Energy Technology, Renewable Source of Energy;149
10.1;5.1 Introduction;149
10.2;5.2 Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier;150
10.3;5.3 Hydrogen Fuel Cell;152
10.4;5.4 Fuel Cells;156
10.4.1;5.4.1 Different Types of Fuel Cells;157
10.5;5.5 The Fuel Cell Technologies;163
10.6;5.6 Fuel Cell Backup Power Systems;164
10.7;5.7 Fuel Cell Systems for Stationary Combined Heat and Power Applications;165
10.8;5.8 Fuel Cell Systems for Portable Power and Auxiliary Power Applications;165
10.9;5.9 Hydrogen Storage;166
10.9.1;5.9.1 Why Study Hydrogen Storage;167
10.9.2;5.9.2 How Hydrogen Storage Works;167
10.9.3;5.9.3 Research and Development Goals;168
10.9.4;5.9.4 Hydrogen Storage Challenges;170
10.10;5.10 Hydrogen Energy Storage;172
10.10.1;5.10.1 Hydrogen Production;173
10.10.2;5.10.2 Hydrogen Re-electrification;173
10.11;5.11 Underground Hydrogen Storage;174
10.12;5.12 Materials-Based Hydrogen Storage;175
10.12.1;5.12.1 Technical Targets and Status;176
10.13;5.13 Industrial Application of Hydrogen Energy;178
10.14;5.14 Electrical Energy Storage;179
10.14.1;5.14.1 Characteristic of Electricity;180
10.14.2;5.14.2 Electricity and the Roles of Electrical Energy Storages;181
10.15;5.15 Strategic Asset Management of Power Networks;184
10.16;5.16 Orchestrating Infrastructure for Sustainable Smart Cities;185
10.16.1;5.16.1 Smart Technology Solution Create Value;187
10.16.2;5.16.2 New Approach to Smart City Solution;187
10.16.3;5.16.3 Stakeholders Are Key Drivers to Smart City Solution;187
10.16.4;5.16.4 Without Integration Rising to the Level of Systems There Cannot Smart City;188
10.16.5;5.16.5 Horizontal and Vertical Integration a Key to Interoperability;189
10.16.6;5.16.6 Interoperability Is the Key to Open Markets and to Competitive Solutions;189
10.16.7;5.16.7 Guiding Principles and Strategic Orientation;190
10.17;References;191
11;Chapter 6: Energy Storage for Peak Power and Increased Revenue;194
11.1;6.1 Introduction;194
11.2;6.2 Variable Electricity and Heat Storage;196
11.3;6.3 Implications of Low-Carbon Grid and Renewables on Electricity Markets;197
11.4;6.4 Strategies for a Zero-Carbon Electricity Grid;199
11.5;6.5 Nuclear Air-Brayton Combined Cycle Strategies for Zero-Carbon Grid;199
11.6;6.6 Salt-Cooled Reactors Coupled to NACC Power System;200
11.7;6.7 Sodium-Cooled Reactors Coupled to NACC Power System;203
11.8;6.8 Power Cycle Comparisons;205
11.9;6.9 Summary;206
11.10;References;207
12;Chapter 7: Fission Nuclear Power Plants for Renewable Energy Source;208
12.1;7.1 Introduction;209
12.2;7.2 Electricity Markets;211
12.2.1;7.2.1 Global Electricity Consumption Set to Explode;216
12.2.1.1;7.2.1.1 Market Drivers;217
12.2.1.2;7.2.1.2 Market Restraints;217
12.2.1.3;7.2.1.3 Market Issues;217
12.2.1.4;7.2.1.4 Challenges;218
12.3;7.3 California and Others Are Getting It Wrong;218
12.4;7.4 Outlook for Power Generation;219
12.5;7.5 Why We Need Nuclear Power Plants;219
12.6;7.6 Is Nuclear Energy Renewable Source of Energy;221
12.6.1;7.6.1 Argument for Nuclear as Renewable Energy;222
12.6.2;7.6.2 Argument for Nuclear as Renewable Energy;223
12.6.3;7.6.3 Conclusion;223
12.7;References;224
13;Chapter 8: Energy Storage Technologies and Their Role in Renewable Integration;225
13.1;8.1 Introduction;225
13.2;8.2 The Electric Grid;228
13.3;8.3 Power Generation;235
13.4;8.4 Transmission and Distribution;236
13.5;8.5 Load Management;236
13.6;8.6 Types of Storage Technology;238
13.6.1;8.6.1 Kinetic Energy Storage or Flywheel Concept;242
13.6.2;8.6.2 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage;244
13.6.3;8.6.3 Batteries;249
13.6.3.1;8.6.3.1 Lead-Acid Batteries;249
13.6.3.2;8.6.3.2 Lithium-Ion Batteries;252
13.6.4;8.6.4 Other and Future Batteries in Development;255
13.7;8.7 A Battery-Inspired Strategy for Carbon Fixation;263
13.8;8.8 Saliva-Powered Battery;265
13.9;8.9 Summary;266
13.10;References;267
14;Appendix A: Global Energy Interconnection;268
14.1;Introduction;268
14.2; Global Energy Challenges;270
14.3; Energy Security;270
14.4; Climate Change;271
14.5; Environmental Pollution;273
15; Appendix B: Grid Integration of Large Capacity;274
15.1;Introduction;274
15.2; Expanding Energy Access;277
15.3; Decarbonization;279
16; Appendix C: Energy Storage for Power Grids and Electric Transportation;281
16.1;Introduction;281
16.2; Energy Stage Technology;282
16.3; Energy Storage for Electric Grid Applications;284
16.4; High-Power/Rapid Discharge Applications;284
16.5; Energy Management Applications;285
16.6; Energy Storage for Transportation Applications;286
17; Appendix D: Coping with the Energy Challenge;289
17.1;Introduction;289
18;Index;294