Zhu / Yang Mixed Conducting Ceramic Membranes

Fundamentals, Materials and Applications
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-662-53534-9
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 375 Seiten

Reihe: Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology

This book is intended to bring together into a single book all aspects of mixed conducting ceramic membranes. It provides a comprehensive description of the fundamentals of mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes from the basic theories and materials to fabrication and characterization technologies. It also covers the potential applications of MIEC membrane technology in industry. This book offers a valuable resource for all scientists and engineers involved in R&D on mixed conducting ceramic membrane technology, as well as other readers who are interested in catalysis in membrane reactor, solid state electrochemistry, solid oxide fuel cells, and related topics. Xuefeng Zhu, PhD, is a Professor at State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Weishen Yang, PhD, is the team leader for Membrane Catalysis and New Catalytic Materials and a DICP Chair Professor at State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Prof. Xuefeng Zhu received his PhD from the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2006, and became a full professor at the same institute in 2014. His research interests include mixed conducting membranes for O2, H2 separation and production, cathode materials for intermediate-low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells, electrochemical oxygen reduction and evolution reactions for electrolyzing water and metal-air batteries, highly selective catalytic oxidation of light hydrocarbons to olefins, and catalytic oxidation reactions in inorganic membrane reactors. Prof. Zhu has published over 60 peer-reviewed scientific papers, H-index 24, has contributed to 2 book chapters, given more than 20 oral presentations at international and domestic conferences and workshops, and holds 11 patents.
Prof. Weishen Yang completed his PhD on catalysis at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1990. After graduation, he started working at the same institute, and became a full professor in 1995. As a visiting scholar, he worked at the University of Birmingham (UK) in 1989 and University of Southern California (USA) in 2001. His research mainly focuses on the synthesis and application of inorganic membranes and new catalytic materials in solving energy related problems, which include (1) Alternative Energy: Oxygen permeable membranes for natural gas conversion; (2) Renewable Energy: Zeolite membranes for bio-fuel (ethanol/butanol)/water separation; (3) Clean Energy: Hydrogen permeable membranes for pure H2 production; (4) Advanced Energy: Hydrogen and/or oxygen permeable membranes used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Prof. Yang has produced over 280 refereed journal publications, 4 invited review articles, 4 book chapters, holds 40 patents and has given more than 30 invited lectures in academia and industry around the world.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Zhu, Xuefeng

Yang, Weishen

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Chapter 1: Introduction to Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conducting Membranes;13
3.1;1.1 Introduction;13
3.2;1.2 Principle of Oxygen Permeation;15
3.3;1.3 Types of Membranes;17
3.4;1.4 Scope of This Book;20
3.5;References;22
4;Chapter 2: Defects and Diffusion;23
4.1;2.1 Defects Concerned in MIEC Materials;23
4.1.1;2.1.1 Point Defects;24
4.1.2;2.1.2 Point Defect Notations;26
4.1.3;2.1.3 Electrons and Holes;27
4.1.4;2.1.4 Defects in MIEC Oxides;29
4.1.4.1;2.1.4.1 Fluorite-Type Ceria-Based Materials;29
4.1.4.2;2.1.4.2 Perovskite-Type Materials;30
4.1.5;2.1.5 Association of Defects;32
4.1.6;2.1.6 Equilibria of Defect Reactions;34
4.1.7;2.1.7 Grain Boundaries;43
4.2;2.2 Ionic Diffusion;47
4.2.1;2.2.1 Vacancy Diffusion and Interstitial Diffusion;48
4.2.2;2.2.2 Diffusion Path of Oxygen Ions;49
4.2.2.1;2.2.2.1 Fluorite-Type Oxides;49
4.2.2.2;2.2.2.2 Perovskite-Type and Related Oxides;52
4.2.3;2.2.3 Diffusion Coefficients;54
4.2.4;2.2.4 Diffusion and Ionic Conductivity;56
4.2.5;2.2.5 Grain Boundary Diffusion;58
4.3;References;58
5;Chapter 3: Ionic Conductors and Aspects Related to High Temperature;61
5.1;3.1 Fluorite-Type Oxygen Ionic Conductors;61
5.1.1;3.1.1 Zirconia-Based Ionic Conductors;62
5.1.1.1;3.1.1.1 Stabilization of Zirconia by Doping;62
5.1.1.2;3.1.1.2 Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia;65
5.1.1.3;3.1.1.3 Zirconia-Based Membranes for Oxygen Permeation;66
5.1.2;3.1.2 Ceria-Based Ionic Conductors;68
5.1.2.1;3.1.2.1 Doped Ceria;68
5.1.2.2;3.1.2.2 Co-Doped Ceria;70
5.1.2.3;3.1.2.3 Ceria-Based Membranes for Oxygen Permeation;71
5.1.3;3.1.3 Bismuth Oxide-Based Ionic Conductors;73
5.1.3.1;3.1.3.1 Structure of delta-Bi2O3;73
5.1.3.2;3.1.3.2 Doped Bismuth Oxide;74
5.1.3.3;3.1.3.3 Bi2O3-Based Membranes for Oxygen Permeation;77
5.2;3.2 Perovskite-Type Oxygen Ionic Conductors;78
5.2.1;3.2.1 Structure of Perovskite Oxides;78
5.2.2;3.2.2 Nonstoichiometric Oxygen;81
5.2.3;3.2.3 Critical Radius, Free Volume, and M-O Bonding Energy;82
5.2.4;3.2.4 LaGaO3-Based Pure Ionic Conductors;85
5.2.5;3.2.5 Perovskite-Type Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conductors;89
5.3;3.3 Other Ionic Conductors;89
5.3.1;3.3.1 La2Mo2O9;90
5.3.2;3.3.2 Bi4V2O11;91
5.3.3;3.3.3 La10-xSi6O26+y;92
5.4;3.4 Relevant High-Temperature Ceramic Materials;94
5.4.1;3.4.1 Cationic Diffusion;94
5.4.2;3.4.2 Kinetic Demixing;97
5.4.3;3.4.3 Thermal Expansion and Chemical Expansion;99
5.4.4;3.4.4 Creep;100
5.5;References;101
6;Chapter 4: Fabrication and Characterization of MIEC Membranes;106
6.1;4.1 Preparation of Ceramic Powders;106
6.1.1;4.1.1 Solid-State Reaction Method;107
6.1.2;4.1.2 Complexing Method;109
6.1.3;4.1.3 Coprecipitation Method;112
6.1.4;4.1.4 Spray Pyrolysis Method;115
6.2;4.2 Preparation of Membranes;118
6.2.1;4.2.1 Dry-Pressing;119
6.2.2;4.2.2 Extrusion;121
6.2.3;4.2.3 Slip Casting;124
6.2.4;4.2.4 Tape Casting;127
6.2.5;4.2.5 Phase Inversion;131
6.2.6;4.2.6 Other Methods;135
6.2.7;4.2.7 Comparison of the Methods;135
6.2.8;4.2.8 Sintering;135
6.3;4.3 Characterization of MIEC Membranes;139
6.3.1;4.3.1 Permeation Flux;139
6.3.2;4.3.2 Electric Conductivity;140
6.3.3;4.3.3 Nonstoichiometric Oxygen;142
6.3.3.1;4.3.3.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis;142
6.3.3.2;4.3.3.2 Iodometry;143
6.3.3.3;4.3.3.3 Coulometric Titration;144
6.3.4;4.3.4 Diffusion Coefficients and Exchange Coefficients;145
6.3.4.1;4.3.4.1 Isotope Exchange;146
6.3.4.2;4.3.4.2 Electrical Conductivity Relaxation (ECR);148
6.3.4.3;4.3.4.3 In Situ Isothermal Isotope Exchange (IIE);149
6.3.4.4;4.3.4.4 Oxygen Permeation;151
6.4;4.4 Structure and Morphology Characterizations;152
6.5;References;152
7;Chapter 5: Permeation Principle and Models;155
7.1;5.1 Introduction;155
7.2;5.2 Wagner Equation and Related Modifications;156
7.3;5.3 Jacobson´s Model;162
7.3.1;5.3.1 Model Development;162
7.3.2;5.3.2 Model Application;166
7.4;5.4 Xu and Thomson´s Model;168
7.4.1;5.4.1 Model Development;168
7.4.2;5.4.2 Model Application;172
7.5;5.5 Zhu´s Model;175
7.5.1;5.5.1 Model Development;175
7.5.2;5.5.2 Model Applications;182
7.5.2.1;5.5.2.1 Experimental Verification;182
7.5.2.2;5.5.2.2 Kinetic Parameters;184
7.5.2.3;5.5.2.3 Permeation Resistance Distributions;185
7.5.2.4;5.5.2.4 Degradation Mechanism Analysis;186
7.6;References;187
8;Chapter 6: Perovskite-Type MIEC Membranes;189
8.1;6.1 Perovskite Structure;189
8.2;6.2 Defect Chemistry in Perovskite Oxides;191
8.3;6.3 An Introduction to the Pioneering Works of Teraoka and Coworkers;192
8.4;6.4 Co-containing Perovskite Membranes;194
8.4.1;6.4.1 LnCoO3-delta System;194
8.4.1.1;6.4.1.1 Substitution in B Sites;194
8.4.1.2;6.4.1.2 Substitution in A Sites;195
8.4.1.3;6.4.1.3 Typical LnCoO3-delta-Based Perovskite Membrane Materials;196
8.4.2;6.4.2 (Ba,Sr)CoO3 System;199
8.4.2.1;6.4.2.1 SrCo1-xMxO3-delta;200
8.4.2.2;6.4.2.2 SrCo1-xFexO3-delta;203
8.4.2.3;6.4.2.3 BaCo1-x-yFexMyO3-delta;206
8.4.3;6.4.3 Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta;208
8.4.3.1;6.4.3.1 Oxygen Exchange and Diffusion Kinetics;209
8.4.3.2;6.4.3.2 Oxygen Permeation;212
8.4.3.3;6.4.3.3 Phase Transformation;216
8.5;6.5 Co-free Perovskite Membranes;225
8.5.1;6.5.1 LaGaO3 System;226
8.5.2;6.5.2 BaFeO3-delta System;227
8.6;6.6 Perovskite-Related MIEC Membranes;228
8.6.1;6.6.1 Ruddlesden-Popper Series Materials;228
8.6.2;6.6.2 Other Types;230
8.7;References;231
9;Chapter 7: Dual-Phase MIEC Membranes;237
9.1;7.1 Introduction;237
9.2;7.2 Traditional Dual-Phase MIEC Membranes;238
9.3;7.3 New Type of Dual-Phase MIEC Membranes;240
9.3.1;7.3.1 Design of Dual-Phase Membranes with High Stability and Permeability;241
9.3.2;7.3.2 Comparison Between the Traditional and New Dual-Phase Membranes;245
9.3.3;7.3.3 Interfacial Oxygen Exchange;250
9.3.4;7.3.4 Microstructure Effects;254
9.3.4.1;7.3.4.1 Preparation Methods of the Composite Powders;254
9.3.4.2;7.3.4.2 Elemental Composition;261
9.3.4.3;7.3.4.3 Sintering Temperature-Induced Microstructural Effects;263
9.3.5;7.3.5 Ratio Between the Two Phases;268
9.3.6;7.3.6 Other Potential Factors;270
9.4;7.4 Outside/Inside Short Circuit;271
9.5;7.5 Asymmetric Dual-Phase Membranes;273
9.6;References;275
10;Chapter 8: Oxygen Permeation at Intermediate-Low Temperatures;280
10.1;8.1 Introduction;280
10.2;8.2 Difficulties Related to Oxygen Permeation at Intermediate-Low Temperatures;281
10.3;8.3 Degradation Mechanisms;282
10.4;8.4 Degradation and Stabilization Mechanisms of Phase-Stable Membranes;284
10.4.1;8.4.1 Sulfur-Containing Membranes;284
10.4.2;8.4.2 Silicon-Containing Membranes;288
10.4.3;8.4.3 Mechanism of Sulfur and Silicon Migration to the Membrane Surface;292
10.4.4;8.4.4 Stabilization of the Phase-Stable Membranes at Low Temperature;295
10.5;8.5 Degradation and Stabilization Mechanisms of Phase-Unstable Membranes;297
10.5.1;8.5.1 Degradation Mechanism of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta at Intermediate-Low Temperatures;297
10.5.2;8.5.2 Stabilization Mechanism of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta at Low Temperatures;302
10.5.2.1;8.5.2.1 Phase Transformation of BSCF at Low Temperature;302
10.5.2.2;8.5.2.2 The Attempts to Inhibit Phase Transformation by Light Doping in B Site;305
10.5.2.3;8.5.2.3 Nanoparticles Inhibiting Phase Transformation;306
10.5.2.4;8.5.2.4 Possible Mechanism;307
10.5.2.4.1;A Thermodynamic Analysis;307
10.5.2.4.2;A Kinetic Analysis;309
10.5.2.5;8.5.2.5 High Permeation Flux at Low Temperatures;311
10.6;References;312
11;Chapter 9: Catalytic Reactions in MIEC Membrane Reactors;315
11.1;9.1 Introduction of Catalytic Membrane Reactors;315
11.2;9.2 Types of Membrane Reactors;316
11.3;9.3 Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons for Syngas or Hydrogen Production;317
11.3.1;9.3.1 MIEC Membrane Reactors for Methane Conversion to Syngas;318
11.3.2;9.3.2 Membrane Materials;320
11.3.2.1;9.3.2.1 Co-based Perovskite Membranes with Improved Stability;321
11.3.2.2;9.3.2.2 Co-free Perovskite Membranes;323
11.3.2.3;9.3.2.3 Degradation Mechanism of Perovskite Membranes for Methane Conversion;325
11.3.2.4;9.3.2.4 Dual-Phase Membranes;331
11.3.3;9.3.3 Activation of the POM Reaction in MIEC Membrane Reactors;335
11.3.4;9.3.4 Mechanic Stability;340
11.3.5;9.3.5 MIEC Membrane Reactors for Fuel Conversion to Syngas or Hydrogen;342
11.4;9.4 Selective Oxidation of Hydrocarbons to Value-Added Products;343
11.4.1;9.4.1 Oxidation Coupling of Methane to Ethane and Ethylene;343
11.4.2;9.4.2 Oxidation Dehydrogenation of Light Alkanes;344
11.4.3;9.4.3 Other Reactions;346
11.5;9.5 Selective Removal of Oxygen from the Reaction System: Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production;346
11.5.1;9.5.1 Membrane Materials;348
11.5.1.1;9.5.1.1 Perovskite-Related Membranes;348
11.5.1.2;9.5.1.2 Dual-Phase Membranes;349
11.5.2;9.5.2 Stability Under High Oxygen Partial Pressure Gradient;350
11.5.3;9.5.3 Production of Ammonia and Liquid Fuel Synthesis Gas in One Membrane Reactor;351
11.6;References;353
12;Chapter 10: Progress on the Commercialization of MIEC Membrane Technology;359
12.1;10.1 Air Separation for Pure Oxygen Production;359
12.2;10.2 APCI´s Technology;361
12.2.1;10.2.1 Brief Overview of the Development of MIEC Membrane Technology;361
12.2.2;10.2.2 MIEC Membrane Module Design and Fabrication;365
12.2.3;10.2.3 Module Sealing;368
12.2.4;10.2.4 Module Performance;369
12.3;10.3 Aachen University´s Technology;372
12.4;References;374