Yiqi Classic Papers

1. Auflage 2004
ISBN: 978-0-08-047191-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 34, 382 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Advances in Ecological Research

Advances in Ecological Research was first published in 1962 and has become one of Academic Press' most prestigious and successful series. In 1999 the Institute for Scientific Information released figures indicating this serial has an impact factor of 9.6 and a half-life of 10.0 years, ranking it first in the highly competitive category of Ecology. This volume continues to publish topical and important reviews, and interprets ecology to include all material that contributes to our understanding of the field. Advances in Ecological Research presents a wide range of papers on all aspects of ecology. Topics include the physiology, populations, and communities of plants and animals, as well as landscape and ecosystem ecology

Autoren/Hrsg.

Yiqi, Luo

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;2
2;Contributors to Volume 34;5
3;Preface;7
4;Contents;9
5;The Direct Effects of Increase in the Global Atmospheric CO2 . . .;15
5.1;INTRODUCTION;16
5.1.1;The Problem;16
5.1.2;Aims of this Review;16
5.1.3;Spatial and Temporal Scales;18
5.1.4;Physiological Action of CO2;18
5.1.5;The Data Base;20
5.1.6;Problems with the Data;22
5.1.7;Acclimating, Acclimated and Adapted Trees;24
5.2;THE CELLULAR SCALE;25
5.3;THE LEAF AND SHOOT SCALE;26
5.3.1;Stomatal Conductance;26
5.3.2;Photosynthesis;30
5.3.3;Photorespiration;38
5.4;THE SEEDLING SAPLING AND INDIVIDUAL TREE SCALE;39
5.4.1;Growth over Periods of Weeks and Months;39
5.4.2;Growth Partitioning;42
5.4.3;Compensation for Stress;43
5.4.4;Water Use Efficiency;44
5.4.5;Nutrient Stress-a Limiting Factor?;44
5.4.6;Extraction of Nutrients;47
5.4.7;Nitrogen Fixation;48
5.4.8;Seedling Regeneration;48
5.4.9;Growth at Timescales of Years and Decades;49
5.5;THE PLANTATION AND WOODLAND SCALE;50
5.5.1;At the Timescales of Hours and Days;50
5.5.2;At the Timescales of Weeks and Months;51
5.5.3;At the Timescales of Years and Decades;54
5.6;THE FOREST AND ECOSYSTEM SCALE;55
5.6.1;At the Timescales of Years and Decades;55
5.6.2;Timescales of a Century or More;56
5.7;SUMMARY;57
5.7.1;Assessing the impact of the Rise in CO2;57
5.7.2;Photosynthesis and Stomatal Action;57
5.7.3;Tree Growth;58
5.7.4;Stand Processes and Production;59
5.7.5;Forest and Region;60
5.8;RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH;60
5.9;References;62
6;Ecology of Coarse Woody Debris in Temperate Ecosystems;73
6.1;INTRODUCTION;74
6.2;INPUT OF COARSE WOODY DEBRIS;77
6.2.1;Methods;77
6.2.2;Rates of Input;78
6.2.3;Spatial Patterns;80
6.2.4;Temporal Patterns;82
6.2.5;Agents of Mortality;84
6.3;DECOMPOSITION OF COARSE WOODY DEBRIS;89
6.3.1;Types of Decay Processes;89
6.3.2;Decay Models;95
6.3.3;Methods to Determine Decay Rates;97
6.3.4;Decay Rates;99
6.3.5;Factors Controlling Decomposition;108
6.4;AMOUNT AND DISTRIBUTION OF COARSE WOODY DEBRIS;129
6.4.1;Estimating Biomass;130
6.4.2;Biomuss of Coarse Woody Debris;136
6.4.3;Factors Controlling Biomass;143
6.4.4;Distribution of Coarse Woody Debris;150
6.5;ROLES OF COARSE WOODY DEBRIS;158
6.5.1;Coarse Woody Debris as Plant Habitat;159
6.5.2;Coarse Woody Debris as Animal Habitat;165
6.5.3;Importance of Coarse Woody Debris in Terrestrial Nutrient Cycles and Carbon Budgets;187
6.5.4;Geomorphic Functions of Coarse Woody Debris;201
6.6;CONCLUSIONS;209
6.6.1;Comparison of Coarse Woody Debris in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems;209
6.6.2;Effects of Human Activities on Coarse Woody Debris;211
6.7;SUMMARY;215
6.8;References;217
7;A Theory of Gradient Analysis;249
7.1;INTRODUCTION;250
7.2;LINEAR METHODS;255
7.2.1;Regression;255
7.2.2;Calibration;256
7.2.3;Ordination;257
7.2.4;The Environmental Interpretation of Ordination Axes (Indirect Gradient Analysis);258
7.2.5;Constrained Ordination (Multivariate Direct Gradient Analysis);259
7.3;NON-LINEAR (GAUSSIAN) METHODS;260
7.3.1;Unimodal Response Models;260
7.3.2;Regression;263
7.3.3;Calibration;264
7.3.4;Ordination;264
7.3.5;Constrained Ordination;265
7.4;WEIGHTED AVERAGING METHODS;265
7.4.1;Regression;265
7.4.2;Calibration;266
7.4.3;Ordination;268
7.4.4;Constrained Ordination;272
7.5;ORDINATION DIAGRAMS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION;273
7.5.1;Principal Components: Biplots;273
7.5.2;Correspondence Analysis: Joint Plots;275
7.5.3;Redundancy Analysis;277
7.5.4;Canonical Correspondence Analysis;279
7.6;CHOOSING THE METHODS;281
7.6.1;Which Response Model?;281
7.6.2;Direct or Indirect?;282
7.6.3;Direct Gradient Analysis: Regression or Constrained Ordination?;283
7.7;CONCLUSIONS;285
7.8;References;287
8;Inherent Variation in Growth Rate Between. Higher Plants . . .;297
8.1;SUMMARY;298
8.2;INTRODUCTION;299
8.3;GROWTH ANALYSES;301
8.4;NET ASSIMILATION RATE AND LEAF AREA RATIO;304
8.5;SPECIFIC LEAF AREA;306
8.5.1;Components of SLA;307
8.5.2;Plasticity in SLA;308
8.6;BIOMASS ALLOCATION;309
8.6.1;Biomass Allocation at an Optimum Nutrient Supply;310
8.6.2;Plasticity in Biomass Allocation;310
8.7;GROWTH, MORPHOLOGY AND NUTRIENT ACQUISITION OF ROOTS;311
8.7.1;Root Growth and Nutrient Acquisition at an Optimum Nutrient Supply;311
8.7.2;The Plasticity of Parameters Related to Root Growth and Nutrient Acquisition;314
8.7.3;Other Root Characteristics Related to Nutrient Acquisition;316
8.7.4;Conclusions;316
8.8;CHEMICAL COMPOSITION;316
8.8.1;Primary Compounds;317
8.8.2;Secondary Compounds;320
8.8.3;Defence under Suboptimal Conditions;321
8.8.4;Effects of Chemical Defence on Growth Potential;322
8.8.5;The Construction Costs of Plant Material;322
8.8.6;Conclusions;325
8.9;PHOTOSYNTHESIS;325
8.9.1;Species-specific Variation in the Rate of Photosynthesis;325
8.9.2;Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency;326
8.9.3;Is There a Compromise between Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Water Use Efficiency?;330
8.9.4;Photosynthesis under Suboptimal Conditions;332
8.9.5;Conclusions;333
8.10;RESPIRATION;334
8.10.1;Species-specific Variation in the Rate of Respiration;334
8.10.2;Respiration at Suboptimal Nitrogen Supply or Quantum Flux Density;337
8.10.3;Conclusions;338
8.11;EXUDATION AND VOLATILE LOSSES;338
8.11.1;The Quantitative and Qualitative Importance of Exudation;338
8.11.2;The Quantitative and Qualitative Importance of Volatile Losses;340
8.11.3;Conclusions;341
8.12;OTHER DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FAST- AND SLOW-GROWING SPECIES;341
8.12.1;Hormonal Aspects;341
8.12.2;Miscellaneous Traits;343
8.13;AN INTEGRATION OF VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS;343
8.13.1;Carbon Budget;343
8.13.2;Interrelations;345
8.14;SPECIES-SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE UNDER SUBOPTIMAL CONDITIONS;346
8.15;THE ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF VARIATION IN POTENTIAL GROWTH RATE;347
8.15.1;What Ecological Advantage can be Conferred by a Plant’s Growth Potential?;347
8.15.2;Selection for Traits Associated with a Low SLA;348
8.15.3;Selection for Other Traits Underlying RGR;350
8.15.4;Consequences of a High Growth Potential for Plant Performance in Specific Environments;350
8.15.5;A Low Growth Potential and Plant Performance in Adverse Environments, Other than Nutrient-poor Habitats;351
8.15.6;Conclusions;351
8.16;CONCLUDING REMARKS AND PERSPECTIVES;352
8.17;References;355
9;Cumulative List of Titles;377