Yermakov / Roedder Research on the Nature of Mineral-Forming Solutions

With Special Reference to Data from Fluid Inclusions
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6497-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 750 Seiten, Web PDF

Research on the Nature of Mineral-Forming Solutions is the first book on the subject of fluid inclusions. This book contains observational data and studies of mineral-forming solutions done in the Soviet Union. The description and natural classification of inclusion in minerals according to their composition and state are discussed. Gaseous, liquefied, and solidified inclusions that are found in minerals and their significance are considered important in determining the presence and availability of the mineral. For example, any earlier or contemporaneous minerals that are found only in their host crystals can be determined by analyzing the presence of solid inclusions. The origin and genetic classifications of liquid and gaseous inclusions, being both abundant in hypogene ore deposits, are explained. Other less common methods in the study of inclusions, besides homogenization of inclusions by heating under the microscope, are forwarded. The authors believe that exact measurements of the homogenization temperature are possible and therefore can serve as a precise indicator in understanding the process of formation of individual crystals and hydrothermal deposits. Other studies of the All-Union Research Institute of Piezo-optical Mineral Raw Materials are also discussed. This collection of monographs will prove invaluable to mineralogists, geologists, and research-chemists studying minerals and ore deposits.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Yermakov, N. P.

Roedder, Edwin

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Research on the Nature of Mineral-Forming Solutions;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;PART I: STUDIES OF MINERAL-FORMING SOLUTIONS;6
5.1;EDITOR'S PREFACE;12
5.2;CHAPTER 1. DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL CLASSIFICATION OF INCLUSIONS IN MINERALS;14
5.2.1;Classification of inclusions according to their composition and state;14
5.2.2;Solid inclusions in minerals and their genetic significance;19
5.2.3;Solidified inclusions in minerals;21
5.2.4;Gaseous inclusions;26
5.2.5;Liquid inclusions;27
5.3;CHAPTER 2. ORIGIN AND GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF LIQUID AND GASEOUS INCLUSIONSIN MINERALS;35
5.3.1;Primary inclusions;37
5.3.2;Pseudo-secondary inclusions;40
5.3.3;Secondary inclusions;43
5.4;CHAPTER 3. THEORY AND PRACTICE OF HOMOGENIZATION OF LIQUID INCLUSIONS BY HEAT;47
5.4.1;Basic principle of the method;47
5.4.2;The problem of hermetic sealing of inclusions;50
5.4.3;Variations in volume of vacuoles containing inclusions;52
5.4.4;Composition and concentration of substances in liquid inclusions and methods of their study;60
5.4.5;Effects of pressure on estimation of temperatures and possibilities of taking such effects into account;72
5.4.6;Determination of the nature of inclusions and the means of their recognition ;81
5.4.7;The author's method and experimental procedure†;95
5.4.8;Sources of error in thermometric analyses;101
5.5;CHAPTER 4. SUPPLEMENTARY METHODS OF STUDY OF INCLUSIONS;105
5.5.1;The calculation method;105
5.5.2;The "visual method" (method of empirical curves);113
5.5.3;Decrepitation method;129
5.5.4;Defects and limitations of the methods of thermometric studies of inclusions;137
5.6;CHAPTER 5. RESULTS BY ORDINARY PROCEDURES EMPLOYED IN THE HOMOGENIZATION METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE TEMPERATURES;140
5.7;CHAPTER 6. METHODS OF THERMOMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF MINERALS AND OF MINERAL DEPOSITS AND RESULTS OF THEIR APPLICATIONS;150
5.7.1;General principles of the methods;150
5.7.2;Results of thermometric analysis of individual crystals;153
5.7.3;Thermometric studies of some mineral deposits;195
5.8;CHAPTER 7. METHODS AND RESULTS OF RESEARCH ON STATE OF AGGREGATION OF MINERAL-FORMING SOLUTIONS;240
5.8.1;Essence and significance of the methods;240
5.8.2;The course of homogenization of inclusions in topaz;242
5.8.3;The course of homogenization of inclusions in quartz;263
5.8.4;The course of homogenization of inclusions in beryl and tourmaline;270
5.8.5;The course of homogenization of mixed inclusions of aqueous solution and carbon dioxide;277
5.8.6;Variations in the course of homogenization of inclusions in different growth zones of crystals;281
5.8.7;Theoretical consideration of types and species of homogenization of inclusions in minerals;287
5.8.8;In reference to the possibility of differentiating between products of pneumatolysis and products of hydrothermal and cold solutions in mineral deposits;295
5.9;CHAPTER 8. SCHEMATIC PATTERN OF PRINCIPAL STAGES AND SUBSTAGES IN HYPOGENE FORMATION OF MINERALS;300
5.10;CHAPTER 9. SCIENTIFIC PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE AND PERSPECTIVES OF INVESTIGATIONS OF INCLUSIONS IN MINERALS;319
6;BIBLIOGRAPHY TO PART I;327
7;INCLUSIONS OF MINERAL-FORMING MEDIA;336
8;PART II: TRANSACTIONS OF THE ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PIEZO-OPTICAL MINERAL RAW MATERIALS;358
8.1;Contents of Part II;360
8.2;Foreword;362
8.3;Chapter 1. Significance of Research on Inclusions in Minerals for the Theory of Ore-formation and for the Principles of Mineral-forming Media;366
8.3.1;I. LINES OF RESEARCH IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY OF ORE-FORMATION;366
8.3.2;II. UTILIZATION OF INCLUSIONS IN RECOGNITION OF GENESIS OF MINERALS AND OF ENDOGENIC DEPOSITS;369
8.3.3;III. IMPORTANCE OF MINERALOTHERMOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND OF DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE TEMPERATURES OF MINERAL GENESIS BY INCLUSIONS OF LIQUID SOLUTIONS;379
8.3.4;IV. REMARKS ON ACTION OF MINERAL-FORMING SOLUTIONS IN TIME AND IN SPACE;385
8.3.5;BIBLIOGRAPHY;390
8.4;Chapter 2.
Some Characteristics of Quartz-forming Solutions;391
8.4.1;COMPOSITION AND CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS;392
8.4.2;THE STATE OF AGGREGATION OF THE SOLUTIONS;397
8.4.3;TEMPERATURE REGIME OF SOLUTIONS;398
8.4.4;SOME DATA ON PRESSURE;401
8.4.5;BIBLIOGRAPHY;401
8.5;Chapter 3. On the Possibility of Ascertaining the True Temperatures of Mineral-forming Solutions;404
8.5.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;415
8.6;Chapter 4.
Liquid Inclusions in Synthetic Quartz Crystals;417
8.6.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;426
8.7;Chapter 5. Thermometric Investigations of Liquid Inclusions in Synthetic Quartz;427
8.8;Chapter 6. Application of Mineralothermometric Analysis in Studies of the Origins of Certain Gold Ore Deposits in Ural;435
8.8.1;I. BEREZOVSKOYE;435
8.8.2;II. KOCHKARSKOYE;452
8.8.3;BIBLIOGRAPHY;465
8.9;Chapter 7. Mineralothermometric Research at the Tyrny-Auz Skarn-ore Complex, North Caucasus;467
8.9.1;(1) INCLUSIONS IN MINERALS OF MAGMATIC ROCKS;470
8.9.2;(2) INCLUSIONS OF MINERAL-FORMING SOLUTIONS IN SKARN MINERALS;470
8.9.3;BIBLIOGRAPHY;497
8.10;Chapter 8. Results of Mineralothermometric Studies of Certain Crystals of Morion* from Volynia;499
8.10.1;GIANT CRYSTAL No. 1;500
8.10.2;CRYSTAL No. 2;501
8.10.3;CRYSTAL No. 3;502
8.10.4;CRYSTAL No. 4;504
8.10.5;CRYSTAL No. 5B;505
8.10.6;CRYSTAL No. 6A;506
8.10.7;LARGE CRYSTAL No. 7;508
8.10.8;CRYSTALS Nos. 8 and 9;509
8.10.9;CRYSTAL No. 10;510
8.11;Chapter 9. Certain Genetic Features of the Kurumkan Deposit Ascertained by Means of Mineralothermometric Analysis;513
8.11.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;518
8.12;Chapter 10. Genetic Relation of Quartz Veins in the Barsukchi Deposit and Granitic Intrusions as Indicated by Inclusions in Minerals;519
8.12.1;1. INCLUSIONS IN GRAINS OF QUARTZITE;520
8.12.2;2. INCLUSIONS IN VEIN QUARTZ;522
8.12.3;3. INCLUSIONS IN CRYSTAL QUARTZ;524
8.12.4;BIBLIOGRAPHY;529
8.13;Chapter 11. Inclusions in Reticulate Quartz of Volynian Pegmatites and the Results of Thermosonic Analysis;530
8.14;Chapter 12. Influence of Liquid and Gaseous Inclusions on Magnitudes of Losses on Ignition of Minerals;535
8.14.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;539
8.15;Chapter 13. On the Morphology of Liquid Inclusions in Crystals of Quartz from Pamir;540
8.15.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;544
8.16;Session 1:
Brief Communications;545
8.16.1;Chapter 14. On the Composition of Liquid Inclusions of Quartz Crystals from Southern Ural;545
8.16.1.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;549
8.16.2;Chapter 15. On the Problem of Fissure Healing in Synthetic Quartz Crystals;551
8.16.2.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;554
8.16.3;Chapter 16. On Inclusions in Gypsum from the Hydrothermal Deposit of Alaverdy;555
8.16.3.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;558
8.16.4;Chapter 17. Thermometric Investigations of Inclusions in a Zoned Quartz Crystal from Pamir;559
8.16.5;Chapter 18. A Note on Crystal Quartz from Aktas I Deposit, Kazakhstan;562
8.17;Session 2:
Abstracts of Addresses;564
8.17.1;Chapter 19. Inclusions of Mother Liquors in Minerals and Their Significance in Theory and Practice;564
8.17.1.1;(1) Inclusions of melts and solutions—a sensitive geologic witness of physico-chemical environments of former processes of mineral genesis;564
8.17.1.2;(2) Taking account of solutions included in crystals is essential in descriptive mineralogy;564
8.17.1.3;(3) Analyses of natural included systems yield direct information on composition, concentration, and pH of mineral-forming solutions that were operative in the geologic past;565
8.17.1.4;(4) Syngenetic inclusions of carbon dioxide and of dilute aqueous solutions make it possible, in certain cases, to make appraisals of pressures during endogenic mineral genesis;565
8.17.1.5;(5) Mineral thermometric analysis as the means of ascertaining the course of the temperature variations during growth of individual crystals and the temperature regime of formation of hydrothermal deposits;565
8.17.1.6;(6) Ascertaining the state of aggregation of the solutions effective in the geologic past as the means of deciphering processes in the formation of complex polygenic deposits;566
8.17.1.7;(7) Investigations of inclusions may be conducive occasionally to ascertaining relationships between endogenic ore-deposition and intrusive activities;566
8.17.1.8;(8) Comparisons of primary and pseudo-secondary inclusions in ore-vein minerals with secondary inclusions in minerals of host rocks opens the possibility of a coordination of the near-ore alterations with the vein-filling processes;566
8.17.1.9;(9) Investigations of inclusions in differentiated pegmatites of the chamber type offer the possibility of tracing the intricate process of their development, from the sub-stage of the residual magma solutions to the excretion of the tepid-water hydrothermal solutions;567
8.17.1.10;(10) Mineral thermometric and thermosonic analyses of inclusions in minerals provide a foundation for new methods of prospecting in soil covered flat terrains;567
9;PART III: TRANSACTIONS OF THE ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PIEZO-OPTICAL MINERAL RAW MATERIALS;568
9.1;Editorial Board;569
9.2;Contents of Part III;570
9.3;Chapter 1. The Homogenization Curves in Mineralogical Thermometry and their Construction;574
9.3.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;586
9.4;Chapter 2. Studies of the Decrepitation of Quartz and the Universal Decrepitation Amplifier-Recorder;587
9.4.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;600
9.5;Chapter 3.
A Simplified Automatic Thermosonic Recorder;602
9.5.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;612
9.6;Chapter 4. An Improved Thermochamber for the Analysis of Liquid Inclusions;613
9.6.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;617
9.7;Chapter 5. Thermometric Investigations of Vein Quartz and Crystal Quartz from Quartz Veins of the Dzhezkazgan–Ulutau District;618
9.7.1;CONCLUSIONS;624
9.7.2;BIBLIOGRAPHY;626
9.8;Chapter 6. An Experiment in Studies of Liquid Inclusions in Iceland Spar from Deposits in the Siberian Platform;627
9.8.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;636
9.9;Chapter 7.
On Inclusions of Solutions in Crystals of Tourmaline;637
9.9.1;INTRODUCTORY REMARKS;637
9.9.2;CLASSIFICATION OF INCLUSIONS AND CERTAIN FEATURES IN THEIR FORMATION;638
9.9.3;ON UTILIZATION OF INCLUSIONS IN TOURMALINES IN MINERAL THERMOMETRIC ANALYSIS;644
9.9.4;BIBLIOGRAPHY;645
9.10;Chapter 8. Homogenization Temperatures of Inclusions in Crystal Quartz from the Ol' gino Deposit, the Far East;646
9.10.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;650
9.11;Chapter 9. Thermometry and Composition of Liquid Inclusions in Crystal Quartz from Deposits in Dagestan Highlands;651
9.11.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;657
9.12;Chapter 10. On the Subject of Variation in Physico-Chemical Factors of Equilibrium During Mineral Genesis in the Fluorite Deposit at Aurakhmat;658
9.12.1;GENERAL INFORMATION;658
9.12.2;RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION OF THE TEMPERATURE REGIME IN THE FORMATION OF THE DEPOSIT;660
9.12.3;COMPOSITION OF SALTS AND CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS;664
9.12.4;CHANGES IN THE pH DURING THE ORE-FORMING PROCESS;665
9.12.5;PRESSURES IN THE ORE-FORMING PROCESS;666
9.12.6;ON THE SUBJECT OF VARIATIONS IN THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FACTORS OF EQUILIBRIUM IN THE COURSE OF THE ORE-FORMING PROCESS;668
9.12.7;BIBLIOGRAPHY;671
9.13;Chapter 11. Special Features of the Origin of the Lebedinoye Gold-Ore Deposit Ascertained on the Basis of Inclusions in Minerals;673
9.13.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;685
9.14;Chapter 12. Certain Features of the Origin of the Kara-Oba Deposit Discovered with the Aid of Microthermometric Analysis;686
9.15;Chapter 13. Inclusions of Solution at the Boundary between the Seed and the Overgrowing Layers in Synthetic Quartz Crystals;692
9.15.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;698
9.16;Chapter 14. In Reference to Hermetic Sealing of Liquid Inclusions;699
9.16.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;704
9.17;Chapter 15. Investigations of Chemical Composition of Inclusions in Fluorite by the Ultra-micromethod;705
9.17.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;707
9.18;Session 1.
Brief Communications;708
9.18.1;Chapter 16. Xenogenic and Artificial Liquid Inclusions in Synthetic Quartz;708
9.18.2;Chapter 17. Some Data on Thermometry of Optical Fluorite from the Magadan Territory;714
9.18.3;Chapter 18. A Typical Case of Expressions of Primary and Secondary Inclusions in Quartz;717
10;Index to Plates;722
11;Index;726
12;OTHER TITLES IN THE SERIES OF MONOGRAPHS IN EARTH SCIENCES;758