Winner / Prokop / Maurer Automotive Systems Engineering II

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-61607-0
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 196 Seiten

This book is the second volume reflecting the shift in the design paradigm in automobile industry. It presents contributions to the second and third workshop on Automotive Systems Engineering held in March 2013 and Sept. 2014, respectively.
It describes major innovations in the field of driver assistance systems and automated vehicles as well as fundamental changes in the architecture of the vehicles.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Winner, Hermann

Prokop, Günther

Maurer, Markus

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;Part I: Development Process;9
3.1;Chapter 1: Design of Ride Comfort Characteristics on Subsystem Level in the Product Development Process;10
3.1.1;1.1 Introduction and Objective Targets;11
3.1.2;1.2 Product Development Process;12
3.1.2.1;1.2.1 Driving Dynamics;14
3.1.2.2;1.2.2 Ride Comfort;16
3.1.3;1.3 Models for Simulating Ride Comfort on Subsystem Level;17
3.1.3.1;1.3.1 Conditions for Concept Parameters on Subsystem Level;18
3.1.3.2;1.3.2 Concept Parameters on Subsystem Level in Ride Comfort;20
3.1.4;1.4 Integration of a Subsystem Level in the Derivation Process from Full Vehicle to Components;23
3.1.4.1;1.4.1 Targets of Full Vehicle Development;24
3.1.4.2;1.4.2 Deriving Properties from Full Vehicle to Subsystem Level;27
3.1.4.3;1.4.3 Subsystem Level;30
3.1.4.4;1.4.4 Deriving Properties from Subsystem to Component Level;31
3.1.4.5;1.4.5 Benefits in the Derivation Process Using a Subsystem Level;33
3.1.5;1.5 Summary and Outlook;33
3.1.6;References;35
3.2;Chapter 2: Methods for Change Management in Automotive Release Processes;37
3.2.1;2.1 Introduction and Motivation;37
3.2.2;2.2 Automotive Release Processes and Change Management;38
3.2.2.1;2.2.1 Introduction to Automotive Release Processes;38
3.2.2.2;2.2.2 Regulatory Framework for Automotive Release Processes;39
3.2.2.3;2.2.3 Implementation of Automotive Release Processes;40
3.2.2.4;2.2.4 Sources of Change;41
3.2.2.5;2.2.5 Automotive Change Management;41
3.2.2.6;2.2.6 Summary and Conclusion;42
3.2.3;2.3 Methods for Change Propagation and Retest;43
3.2.3.1;2.3.1 Change Propagation on Function and Component Level;43
3.2.3.2;2.3.2 Change Impact Analysis on Software Level;44
3.2.3.3;2.3.3 Regression Test Selection Techniques;45
3.2.3.4;2.3.4 Design of Experiments;46
3.2.3.5;2.3.5 Summary;47
3.2.4;2.4 Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Methods;48
3.2.4.1;2.4.1 Retest Situations in Release Processes;48
3.2.4.2;2.4.2 Evaluation Criteria for Test Selection Techniques (TST);49
3.2.4.3;2.4.3 Evaluation Results;50
3.2.5;2.5 General Approaches for Test Selection Techniques;52
3.2.5.1;2.5.1 Inclusion-Based Test Selection;52
3.2.5.2;2.5.2 Exclusion-Based Test Selection;52
3.2.5.3;2.5.3 Performance Comparison;54
3.2.6;2.6 Example: Exclusion-Based Test Selection Technique;58
3.2.7;2.7 Summary and Outlook;60
3.2.8;References;61
4;Part II: Requirement Analysis and Systems Architectures;65
4.1;Chapter 3: Increasing Energy-Efficient Driving Using Uncertain Online Data of Local Traffic Management Centers;66
4.1.1;3.1 Motivation;66
4.1.2;3.2 Online Infrastructure Data Sources;67
4.1.2.1;3.2.1 Prediction of Signal States;67
4.1.2.2;3.2.2 Delays Due to Traffic Light Signals;68
4.1.3;3.3 Communication Chain and Car Positioning;68
4.1.4;3.4 Real Traffic Investigation;70
4.1.4.1;3.4.1 Experimental Vehicle;70
4.1.4.2;3.4.2 Human Interaction;71
4.1.4.3;3.4.3 Validate the Benefit of Driver Assistance in Simulated Traffic Scenarios;72
4.1.5;3.5 First Results;73
4.1.6;3.6 Conclusions;74
4.1.7;References;75
4.2;Chapter 4: Modelling Logical Architecture of Mechatronic Systems and Its Quality Control;77
4.2.1;4.1 Introduction;77
4.2.2;4.2 Methodology for the Design of Mechatronic Systems;81
4.2.3;4.3 FOCUS Modelling Approach for Mechatronic Systems;82
4.2.4;4.4 FOCUS Modelling Foundations for Mechatronic Systems;85
4.2.5;4.5 FOCUS Continuous Time Modelling;86
4.2.6;4.6 Simulation of I/O FOCUS Hybrid State Machines;88
4.2.7;4.7 Formal Verification of FOCUS Models;90
4.2.8;4.8 Conclusions;93
4.2.9;References;94
4.3;Chapter 5: Functional System Architecture for an Autonomous on-Road Motor Vehicle;96
4.3.1;5.1 Introduction;97
4.3.2;5.2 What is a Functional System Architecture?;97
4.3.3;5.3 Aspects of Autonomous Driving;99
4.3.4;5.4 Functional System Architecture;99
4.3.5;5.5 First Findings;102
4.3.5.1;5.5.1 Different Perspectives of the Relation Between Vehicle and Environment;102
4.3.5.2;5.5.2 Localization Solutions;105
4.3.5.3;5.5.3 Prediction of the Dynamic Environment;105
4.3.5.4;5.5.4 Cooperation, Collaboration and Communication;108
4.3.5.5;5.5.5 Self-Representation;110
4.3.6;5.6 The Role of Rasmussen´s Human Performance Model;110
4.3.6.1;5.6.1 Brief Introduction to the Concept of Rasmussen;110
4.3.6.2;5.6.2 Relevance Referring to the Driving Task;111
4.3.7;5.7 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Within the Functional System Architecture;112
4.3.7.1;5.7.1 Navigation Systems;113
4.3.7.2;5.7.2 Adaptive Cruise Control;113
4.3.7.3;5.7.3 Lane-Keeping and Blind Spot Systems;117
4.3.7.4;5.7.4 Anti-Lock Braking System and Electronic Stability Control;117
4.3.8;5.8 Summary and Outlook;120
4.3.9;References;121
5;Part III: Functional Safety and Validation;124
5.1;Chapter 6: Towards a System-Wide Functional Safety Concept for Automated Road Vehicles;125
5.1.1;6.1 Road Vehicle Automation;125
5.1.1.1;6.1.1 Definition of an Automated Road Vehicle;126
5.1.1.2;6.1.2 Definition of a Safe State;127
5.1.2;6.2 Process to Develop a Functional Safety Concept;130
5.1.2.1;6.2.1 Product Lifecycle;131
5.1.2.2;6.2.2 Defining the Scope of an Item;132
5.1.2.3;6.2.3 Work Products in the Concept Phase;135
5.1.2.4;6.2.4 Safety in the Concept Phase of an Item;136
5.1.2.5;6.2.5 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment;141
5.1.3;6.3 Ability Graphs as Part of a Functional Safety Concept;141
5.1.3.1;6.3.1 Related Work;141
5.1.3.2;6.3.2 Utilizing Ability Graphs to Improve Safety of Operation;142
5.1.3.3;6.3.3 Self-Perception;143
5.1.3.4;6.3.4 Self-Representation;144
5.1.4;6.4 Summary and Outlook;144
5.1.5;References;145
5.2;Chapter 7: A Method for an Efficient, Systematic Test Case Generation for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems in Virtual Enviro...;148
5.2.1;7.1 Introduction;148
5.2.1.1;7.1.1 Motivation;148
5.2.1.2;7.1.2 Related Work;150
5.2.2;7.2 The Efficient, Systematic Test Method in Virtual Environments;152
5.2.3;7.3 Requirements on an Efficient, Systematic Test Case Generation;155
5.2.4;7.4 Unified Scenario Generation for Efficient Test Cases on the Basis of the 4-Level Model;156
5.2.4.1;7.4.1 Level 1: Road Network;157
5.2.4.2;7.4.2 Level 2: Adaption of the Road for Special Situations;159
5.2.4.3;7.4.3 Level 3: Dynamic Elements;161
5.2.4.4;7.4.4 Level 4: Environmental Conditions;163
5.2.4.5;7.4.5 Summary of the 4-Level Model of the Scenario Generation for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems;164
5.2.5;7.5 Systematic Test Case Generation;165
5.2.5.1;7.5.1 Equivalence Class Generation;165
5.2.5.2;7.5.2 Boundary Value Analysis;166
5.2.5.3;7.5.3 Combinatorial Test Case Generation;167
5.2.5.4;7.5.4 Test Coverage for Combinatorial Test Case Generation;167
5.2.5.5;7.5.5 Algorithms for Combinatorial Test Case Generation;169
5.2.6;7.6 The Case Study: Constriction Assist;170
5.2.7;7.7 Summary and Outlook;173
5.2.8;References;174
5.3;Chapter 8: Validation and Introduction of Automated Driving;177
5.3.1;8.1 The Challenge: Validation of Automated Driving;177
5.3.2;8.2 Safety References;178
5.3.3;8.3 Statistical Proof of Safety;180
5.3.4;8.4 The Knowledge Gap of Automated Driving;181
5.3.5;8.5 Safety Prediction Model;182
5.3.6;8.6 Derived Implementation Strategies;185
5.3.7;8.7 Potential Validation Concepts;186
5.3.7.1;8.7.1 Reuse of Validated Functions;186
5.3.7.2;8.7.2 Accelerating the Validation Process;186
5.3.8;8.8 The Challenge of Validity;189
5.3.8.1;8.8.1 Validity of the Test Catalog;190
5.3.9;8.9 Validity of the Models;191
5.3.10;8.10 Acquiring Field Data;192
5.3.11;8.11 Conclusion;193
5.3.12;References;194