Wiley Estuarine Processes

Circulation, Sediments, and Transfer of Material in the Estuary
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6542-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 446 Seiten, Web PDF

Estuarine Processes, Volume II: Circulation, Sediments, and Transfer of Material in the Estuary provides information pertinent to estuarine processes and focuses on dynamic interactions at several levels of organization. This book describes the effects of physical alterations on estuarial hydraulics, dissolved and particulate material support, and on aquatic biota. Organized into six parts encompassing 27 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the historic changes in salinity balance in the estuarial zone of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. This text then reviews the effect of enlargement of artificial waterway of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, which has resulted in substantial alterations of the physical hydrography, biotic populations and chemical environment of the canal and its approaches. Other chapters consider the elements in a mathematical model for estuarial sediment transport. This book discusses as well sediment transport rates in coastal waters. The final chapter deals with accurate estimates of fish abundance for models of many estuarine processes. This book is a valuable resource for ecologists, environmentalists, and scientists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Wiley, Martin

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Circulation,
Sediments,
and Transfer of Material in the Estuary;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;LIST OF CONVENERS;10
6;LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS;12
7;PREFACE;18
8;PART I: EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ALTERATIONS;20
8.1;CHAPTER 1. IMPACT OF UPSTREAM STORAGE AND DIVERSIONS ON SALINITY BALANCE IN ESTUARIES;22
8.1.1;INTRODUCTION;22
8.1.2;GENERAL BACKGROUND-HYDROLOGY AND WATER BALANCE;24
8.1.3;ANDRUS-BRANNAN ISLAND BREAK;26
8.1.4;NEW EXCHEQUER RELEASES;32
8.1.5;DISCUSSION;35
8.1.6;REFERENCE;36
8.2;CHAPTER 2. EFFECTS OF ENLARGEMENT OF THE CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL;37
8.2.1;INTRODUCTION;38
8.2.2;HYDROGRAPHIC EFFECTS;41
8.2.3;BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS;42
8.2.4;DISCUSSION;46
8.2.5;REFERENCES;49
9;PART II: INTRODUCTION TO SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES I: SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND CIRCULATION;52
9.1;CHAPTER 3. DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORT OF SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATERIAL OF THE AMAZON RIVER IN THE OCEAN;54
9.1.1;INTRODUCTION;54
9.1.2;STUDY AREA AND METHODOLOGY;55
9.1.3;PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY;56
9.1.4;SUSPENDED MATERIAL TRANSPORT;57
9.1.5;CONCLUSIONS;64
9.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;64
9.1.7;REFERENCES;66
9.2;CHAPTER 4. SUSPENDED SEDIMENT BUDGET FOR CHESAPEAKE BAY;67
9.2.1;INTRODUCTION;67
9.2.2;HYDROLOGICAL AND SEDIMENTOLOGIC SETTINGS;68
9.2.3;DISTRIBUTION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN TIME AND SPACE;70
9.2.4;MODELING OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT;75
9.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;80
9.2.6;LITERATURE CITED;80
9.3;CHAPTER 5. TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE GIRONDE ESTUARY, FRANCE;82
9.3.1;INTRODUCTION;83
9.3.2;INPUTS INTO THE ESTUARINE SYSTEM;85
9.3.3;SEDIMENTATION PATTERNS;86
9.3.4;ESTUARINE HYDROLOGY;88
9.3.5;SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND ACCUMULATION;89
9.3.6;CONCLUSIONS;99
9.3.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;99
9.3.8;REFERENCES;99
9.4;CHAPTER 6. SUSPENDED-PARTICLE TRANSPORT AND CIRCULATION IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY: AN OVERVIEW;101
9.4.1;INTRODUCTION;101
9.4.2;ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING;102
9.4.3;SEDIMENTS;109
9.4.4;SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PATTERNS;111
9.4.5;FUTURE OUTLOOK;113
9.4.6;REFERENCES;114
9.5;CHAPTER 7. MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN ESTUARIES;117
9.5.1;INTRODUCTION;117
9.5.2;TRANSPORT PROCESSES;118
9.5.3;GOVERNING EQUATIONS;120
9.5.4;REVIEW OF EXISTING MODELS;122
9.5.5;RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION;124
9.5.6;REFERENCES;124
10;PART III: INTRODUCTION TO SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES II: SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND CIRCULATION;126
10.1;CHAPTER 8. SHEAR STRESS AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN UNSTEADY TURBULENT FLOWS;128
10.1.1;INTRODUCTION;128
10.1.2;FLOW CHARACTERISTICS;129
10.1.3;SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS IN GEOPHYSICAL FLOWS;131
10.1.4;LONG ISLAND SOUND MEASUREMENTS;134
10.1.5;DISCUSSION;140
10.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;141
10.1.7;REFERENCES;141
10.2;CHAPTER 9. THE MEASUREMENT OF BED SHEAR STRESSES AND BEDLOAD TRANSPORT RATES;143
10.2.1;INTRODUCTION;143
10.2.2;BED SHEAR STRESS;145
10.2.3;BEDLOAD;148
10.2.4;BEDLOAD MEASUREMENT;148
10.2.5;DISCUSSION;150
10.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;151
10.2.7;REFERENCES;151
10.3;CHAPTER 10. SEDIMENTOLOGY AND CHANNEL SLOPE MORPHOLOGY OF AN ANOXIC BASIN IN SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS;155
10.3.1;INTRODUCTION;156
10.3.2;THE PROBLEM;156
10.3.3;REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WATER BODIES;157
10.3.4;SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS;158
10.3.5;DISCUSSION;165
10.3.6;CONCLUSIONS;167
10.3.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;167
10.3.8;REFERENCES;167
10.4;CHAPTER 11. DREDGING AND SPOIL DISPOSAL–MAJOR GEOLOGIC PROCESSES IN SAN DIEGO BAY, CALIFORNIA;169
10.4.1;INTRODUCTION;169
10.4.2;DREDGING PROCEDURES;170
10.4.3;HYDRAULIC DREDGING AND SPOIL DISPOSAL AS GEOLOGIC PROCESSES;171
10.4.4;SAN DIEGO BAY;172
10.4.5;NATURAL SEDIMENT INPUT;176
10.4.6;DISCUSSION;181
10.4.7;CONCLUSIONS;182
10.4.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;183
10.4.9;REFERENCES;183
10.5;CHAPTER 12. SEDIMENTARY PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN WEST COAST LAGOONS;186
10.5.1;INTRODUCTION;187
10.5.2;MUGU LAGOON;187
10.5.3;LAGUNA POTOSI;189
10.5.4;SEDIMENTARY PATTERNS;191
10.5.5;IMPORTANCE OF THE TIDAL INLETS;196
10.5.6;COMPARISON OF MUGU LAGOON WITH LAGUNA POTOSI;197
10.5.7;THE DEPOSITIONAL RECORD;198
10.5.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;198
10.5.9;REFERENCES;200
10.6;CHAPTER 13. COASTAL LAGOONS OF MEXICO THEIR ORIGIN AND CLASSIFICATION;201
10.6.1;INTRODUCTION;201
10.6.2;REGIONAL SETTING;203
10.6.3;MEXICAN COASTAL LAGOONS;211
10.6.4;CLASSIFICATION;213
10.6.5;DISCUSSION;217
10.6.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;225
10.6.7;REFERENCES;225
11;PART IV: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TIDAL WETLANDS AND COASTAL WATERS;236
11.1;CHAPTER 14. NUTRIENT EXCHANGES BETWEEN BRACKISH WATER MARSHES AND THE ESTUARY;238
11.1.1;INTRODUCTION;239
11.1.2;STUDY AREAS;241
11.1.3;METHODS;241
11.1.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;244
11.1.5;CONCLUSIONS;256
11.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;256
11.1.7;REFERENCES;257
11.2;CHAPTER 15. NITROGEN POOLS AND FLUXES IN A GEORGIA SALT MARSH;260
11.2.1;INTRODUCTION;260
11.2.2;STUDY SITES AND METHODS;261
11.2.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;264
11.2.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;270
11.2.5;LITERATURE CITED;271
11.3;CHAPTER 16. PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENT EXPORT STUDIES IN A CYPRESS SWAMP AND LAKE SYSTEM IN LOUISIANA;274
11.3.1;INTRODUCTION;274
11.3.2;DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA;275
11.3.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;276
11.3.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;278
11.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;286
11.3.6;REFERENCES;286
11.4;CHAPTER 17. FLUX OF ORGANIC MATTER THROUGH A SALT MARSH;289
11.4.1;INTRODUCTION;290
11.4.2;PRODUCTION OF PARTICULATE AND SOLUBLE ORGANIC MATTER;290
11.4.3;MICROBIAL LINKS IN THE FOOD WEB;291
11.4.4;THE CONSUMPTION OF ORGANIC MATTER;294
11.4.5;SOME RESIDUAL PROBLEMS;295
11.4.6;LITERATURE CITED;296
11.5;CHAPTER 18. BENTHIC DETRITUS IN A SALTMARSH TIDAL CREEK;299
11.5.1;INTRODUCTION;299
11.5.2;STUDY SITE;301
11.5.3;METHODS;301
11.5.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;304
11.5.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;309
11.5.6;REFERENCES;309
11.6;CHAPTER 19. CARBON RESOURCES OF A BENTHIC SALT MARSH INVERTEBRATE NASSARIUS OBSOLETUS SAY (MOLLUSCA: NASSARIIDAE);312
11.6.1;INTRODUCTION;312
11.6.2;STUDY AREA AND POPULATION SAMPLING;313
11.6.3;METHODS AND MATERIALS;314
11.6.4;RESULTS;317
11.6.5;DISCUSSION;324
11.6.6;LITERATURE CITED;326
11.7;CHAPTER 20. CONTRIBUTION OF TIDAL MARSHLANDS TO MID-ATLANTIC ESTUARINE FOOD CHAINS;328
11.7.1;INTRODUCTION;328
11.7.2;METHODS;329
11.7.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;331
11.7.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;336
11.7.5;REFERENCES;338
12;PART V: CIRCULATION MODELS;340
12.1;CHAPTER 21. A TWO-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODEL FOR THE SIMULATION OF PARTIALLY MIXED ESTUARIES;342
12.1.1;INTRODUCTION;342
12.1.2;GOVERNING EQUATIONS;343
12.1.3;VERTICAL MIXING;344
12.1.4;FINITE DIFFERENCE TECHNIQUE;344
12.1.5;MODEL VERIFICATION;346
12.1.6;CONCLUSION;348
12.1.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;348
12.1.8;REFERENCES;350
12.2;CHAPTER 22. THE SIMULATION OF ESTUARINE CIRCULATIONS WITH A FULLY THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODEL;351
12.2.1;INTRODUCTION;351
12.2.2;GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND SPATIAL FINITE DIFFERENCE FORMULATION;352
12.2.3;TEMPORAL INTEGRATION, DISSIPATION TERMS AND STABILITY;354
12.2.4;NUMERICAL PROCEDURE;355
12.2.5;BOUNDARY CONDITIONS;356
12.2.6;NUMERICAL EXAMPLES;357
12.2.7;CONCLUSIONS;363
12.2.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;364
12.2.9;REFERENCES;364
12.3;CHAPTER 23. ON THE NUMERICAL FORMULATION OF A TIME DEPENDENT MULTI-LEVEL MODEL OF AN ESTUARY, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO BOUNDARY CONDITIONS;366
12.3.1;INTRODUCTION;366
12.3.2;THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL;368
12.3.3;NUMERICAL METHOD;371
12.3.4;SUMMARY OF SOME PERTINENT RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS PERFORMED WITH THE NUMERICAL MODEL;374
12.3.5;THE SEAWARD BOUNDARY CONDITION;379
12.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;381
12.3.7;REFERENCES;381
12.4;CHAPTER 24. FORMULATION AND CLOSURE OF A MODEL OF TIDAL-MEAN CIRCULATION IN A STRATIFIED ESTUARY;384
12.4.1;1. TIDAL-MEAN DYNAMICS;384
12.4.2;2. SPECIFICATION OF DIFFUSIVITIES;388
12.4.3;3. COMMENTS ON THE MODEL AND ITS SOLUTION;394
12.4.4;REFERENCES;396
13;PART VI: TOOLS AND METHODS;398
13.1;CHAPTER 25. REMOTE SENSING OF COASTAL WETLAND VEGETATION AND ESTUARINE WATER PROPERTIES;400
13.1.1;INTRODUCTION;400
13.1.2;MAPPING WETLAND BOUNDARIES AND PLANT SPECIES;401
13.1.3;MONITORING LAND-USE AND COASTLINE CHANGES;402
13.1.4;CHARTING CURRENT CIRCULATION AND POLLUTANT DISPERSION;408
13.1.5;DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION AND IDENTITY OF WATER POLLUTANTS;417
13.1.6;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;419
13.1.7;REFERENCES;419
13.2;CHAPTER 26. THE HYDRAULIC MODEL OF CHESAPEAKE BAY;423
13.3;CHAPTER 27. THE EVALUATION AND USE OF GEAR EFFICIENCIES IN THE ESTIMATION OF ESTUARINE FISH ABUNDANCE;435
13.3.1;INTRODUCTION;435
13.3.2;THE EVALUATION OF AVOIDANCE;436
13.3.3;SAMPLING EFFICIENCY OF AN OTTER TRAWL;439
13.3.4;GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS;441
13.3.5;CONCLUSIONS;442
13.3.6;LITERATURE CITED;442
14;INDEX;444