White Physical Properties of Materials

2. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-1-4398-9532-0
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 0 - No protection

E-Book, Englisch, 469 Seiten

Designed for advanced undergraduate students, Physical Properties of Materials, Second Edition establishes the principles that control the optical, thermal, electronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties of materials. Using an atomic and molecular approach, this introduction to materials science offers students a wide-ranging survey of the field and a basis to understand future materials. The author incorporates comments on applications of materials science, extensive references to the contemporary and classic literature, and problems at the end of each chapter. In addition, unique tutorials allow students to apply the principles to understand applications, such as photocopying, magnetic devices, fiber optics, and more.

This fully revised and updated second edition presents a discussion of materials sustainability, a description of crystalline structures, and discussion of current and recent developments, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanocomposites, magnetocaloric effect, and spintronics. Along with a new capstone tutorial on the materials science of cymbals, this edition contains more than 60 new end-of-chapter problems, bringing the total to 300 problems.

Web Resource
The book’s companion website (www.physicalpropertiesofmaterials.com) provides updates to the further reading sections, links to relevant movies and podcasts for each chapter, video demonstrations, and additional problems. It also offers sources of demonstration materials for lectures and PowerPoint slides of figures from the book.

More information can be found on a recent press release describing the book and the website.

Zielgruppe

Undergraduate chemistry and physics students studying materials science. Materials scientists, chemists, and physicists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

White, Mary Anne

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Technik Allgemein Physik, Chemie für Ingenieure
• Naturwissenschaften Physik Thermodynamik Festkörperphysik, Kondensierte Materie
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde

Inhaltsverzeichnis

INTRODUCTION
Introduction to Materials Science
History
More Recent Trends
Impact on Daily Living
Future Materials
Structures of Materials

COLOR AND OTHER OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Atomic and Molecular Origins of Color
Introduction
Atomic Transitions
Black-Body Radiation
Vibrational Transitions as a Source of Color
Crystal Field Colors
Color Centers (F-Centers)
Charge Delocalization, Especially Molecular Orbitals

Color in Metals and Semiconductors
Introduction
Metallic Luster
Colors of Pure Semiconductors
Colors of Doped Semiconductors

Color from Interactions of Light Waves with Bulk Matter
Introduction
Refraction
Interference
Scattering of Light
Diffraction Grating

Other Optical Effects
Introduction
Optical Activity and Related Effects
Birefringence
Circular Dichroism and Optical Rotatory Dispersion
Nonlinear Optical Effects

THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Heat Capacity, Heat Content, and Energy Storage
Introduction
Equipartition of Energy
Real Heat Capacities and Heat Content of Real Gases
Heat Capacities of Solids
Heat Capacities of Liquids
Heat Capacities of Glasses
Phase Stability and Phase Transitions, Including Their Order
(Cp – CV): An Exercise in Thermodynamic Manipulations

Thermal Expansion
Introduction
Compressibility and Thermal Expansion of Gases
Thermal Expansion of Solids

Thermal Conductivity
Introduction
Thermal Conductivity of Gases
Thermal Conductivities of Insulating Solids
Thermal Conductivities of Metals

Thermodynamic Aspects of Stability
Introduction
Pure Gases
Phase Equilibria in Pure Materials: The Clapeyron Equation
Phase Diagrams of Pure Materials
The Phase Rule
Liquid–Liquid Binary Phase Diagrams
Liquid–Vapor Binary Phase Diagrams
Relative Proportions of Phases: The Lever Principle
Liquid–Solid Binary Phase Diagrams
Compound Formation
Three-Component (Ternary) Phase Diagrams

Surface and Interfacial Phenomena
Introduction
Surface Energetics
Surface Investigations
Surface Tension and Capillarity
Liquid Films on Surfaces

Other Phases of Matter
Introduction
Colloids
Micelles
Surfactants
Inclusion Compounds

ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Electrical Properties
Introduction
Metals, Insulators, and Semiconductors: Band Theory
Temperature Dependence of Electrical Conductivity
Properties of Extrinsic (Doped) Semiconductors
Electrical Devices Using Extrinsic (Doped) Semiconductors
Dielectrics
Superconductivity

Magnetic Properties
Introduction
Origins of Magnetic Behavior
Magnetic Induction as a Function of Field Strength
Temperature Dependence of Magnetization

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Mechanical Properties
Introduction
Elasticity and Related Properties
Beyond the Elastic Limit
Defects and Dislocations
Crack Propagation
Adhesion
Electromechanical Properties: The Piezoelectric Effect

Appendix 1: Fundamental Physical Constants
Appendix 2: Unit Conversions
Appendix 3: The Greek Alphabet
Appendix 4: Sources of Lecture Demonstration Materials

Index

Problems and Further Reading appear at the end of each chapter.

Über Autor(innen)

Mary Anne White is a University Research Professor at Dalhousie University, where she is also the director of the Dalhousie Research in Energy, Advanced Materials and Sustainability (DREAMS) program. Her research in energetics and thermal properties of materials has led to the development of new materials that can convert waste heat to energy and materials that can trap solar energy. Dr. White is a regular contributor to CBC Radio’s Maritime Noon and has been the recipient of the McNeil Medal of the Royal Society of Canada and the Union Carbide Award for Chemical Education from the Chemical Institute of Canada.