Werkman / Wilson Bacterial Physiology

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7485-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 722 Seiten, Web PDF

Bacterial Physiology focuses on the physiology and chemistry of microorganisms and the value of bacterial physiology in the other fields of biology. The selection first underscores the chemistry and structure of bacterial cells, including the chemical composition of cells, direct and indirect methods of cytology, vegetative multiplication, spores of bacteria, and cell structure. The text then elaborates on inheritance, variation, and adaptation and growth of bacteria. The publication reviews the physical and chemical factors affecting growth and death. Topics include hydrogen ion concentration and osmotic pressure; surface and other forces determining the distribution of bacteria in their environment; dynamics of disinfection and bacteriostasis; bacterial resistance; and types of antibacterial agents. The text also ponders on the anaerobic dissimilation of carbohydrates, bacterial oxidations, and autotrophic assimilation of carbon dioxide. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in bacterial physiology.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Werkman, C. H.

Wilson, P. W.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Bacterial Physiology;8
3;Copyright Page;9
4;Table of Contents;14
5;Contributors;10
6;Preface;12
7;Chapter 1. Chemistry of the Bacterial Cell;18
7.1;I. Introduction;18
7.2;II. Form and Size;19
7.3;III. Chemical Composition of the Cell;21
7.4;IV. Direct Methods of Cytology;30
7.5;V. Indirect Methods of Cytology;43
8;Chapter 2. The Structure of the Bacterial Cell;45
8.1;I. Cell Structure;46
8.2;II. The Spores of Bacteria;68
8.3;III. Vegetative Multiplication;74
8.4;IV. Cell and Environment;75
9;Chapter 3. Inheritance, Variation, and Adaptation;84
9.1;I. The Gene Theory;85
9.2;II. Genetic Variation;86
9.3;III. Characteristics of Bacterial Mutants;98
9.4;IV. Interclonal Variation;99
9.5;V. Variation and Adaptation: Recapitulation;110
10;Chapter 4. Growth of Bacteria;118
10.1;I. Introduction;118
10.2;II. Quantitative Studies of Bacterial Growth;120
10.3;III. Growth and Population Cycle of a Bacterial Culture;123
10.4;IV. Conclusion;142
11;Chapter 5. Physical Factors Affecting Growth and Death;143
11.1;I. Temperature;144
11.2;II. Hydrogen Ion Concentration and Osmotic Pressure;157
11.3;III. Surface Tension;165
11.4;IV. Oxidation-Reduction Potential;169
11.5;V. Radiations;173
11.6;VI. Surface and Other Forces Determining the Distribution of Bacteria in Their Environment;180
12;Chapter 6. Chemical Factors Affecting Growth and Death;195
12.1;I. Introduction;196
12.2;II. Chemical Injury to Active Proteins;198
12.3;III. Dynamics of Disinfection;206
12.4;IV. Dynamics of Bacteriostasis;216
12.5;V. Bacterial Resistance;217
12.6;VI. Types of Antibacterial Agents;221
13;Chapter 7. Bacterial Nutrition—Chemical Factors;231
13.1;I. General Outlook;232
13.2;II. The Major Bacterial Growth Factors;239
14;Chapter 8. Bacterial Enzymes and the Theory of Action;273
14.1;I. Introduction;274
14.2;II. Historical Aspects;275
14.3;III. Nomenclature and Classification;276
14.4;IV. Coenzymes and Related Compounds;278
14.5;V. Special Methods Used in the Isolation and Study of Bacterial Enzymes;287
14.6;VI. Theory of Enzyme Action;289
14.7;VII. Various Factors Controlling Enzymatic Activity;292
14.8;VIII. Origin and Concentration of Enzymes;294
14.9;IX. Discussion of Various Groups of Enzymes;295
15;Chapter 9. Anaerobic Dissimilation of Carbohydrates;298
15.1;I. Introduction;299
15.2;II. Nature of Anaerobic Dissimilation of Carbohydrates;302
15.3;III. Early Views on Fermentation;303
15.4;IV. Glycolysis;304
15.5;V. Polysaccharides;334
16;Chapter 10. Bacterial Oxidations;342
16.1;I. Introduction;342
16.2;II. Some Thermodynamic and Kinetic Approaches;343
16.3;III. Reversible Oxidation-Reduction Systems of Biological Importance;346
16.4;IV. Activating Proteins (Dehydrogenase);358
16.5;V. Types of Oxidation Enzymes;359
16.6;VI. Inhibitors of Oxidation Enzymes;364
16.7;VII. Coupled Oxidation-Reduction Systems: Krebs' Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle;364
16.8;VIII. Aerobic Phosphorylations;367
16.9;IX. Pathways of Biological Oxidation-Reductions. The Pasteur Effect;368
16.10;X. "Oxidation-Reduction Potentials" in Bacteria;371
16.11;XI. Bacterial Respiration;371
16.12;XII. Respiration of Growing Cells and of Resting Cells;372
16.13;XIII. Regulatory Mechanisms of Respiration;372
16.14;XIV. Life without Oxygen. The Anaerobic Bacteria;374
17;Chapter 11. Autotrophic Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide;378
17.1;I. Introduction;379
17.2;II. Chemoautotrophic Bacteria;381
17.3;III. Photosynthetic Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide;403
18;Chapter 12. Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide by Heterotrophic Bacteria;421
18.1;I. Introduction;421
18.2;II. Early Concepts of Function of CO2;422
18.3;III. Carbon Dioxide Assimilation and Concepts of Autotrophism and Heterotrophism;424
18.4;IV. Types of CO2 Assimilation;426
18.5;V. Replacement of Carbon Dioxide;438
18.6;VI. Importance of Heterotrophic Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide in Biology;439
19;Chapter 13. Organic Nitrogen;445
19.1;I. Introduction;446
19.2;II. Breakdown of Protein;446
19.3;III. Breakdown of Amino Acids;450
19.4;IV. Decarboxylation of Amino Acids;454
19.5;V. Deamination of Amino Acids;458
19.6;VI. Transamination;466
19.7;VII. Racemization;470
19.8;VIII. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids;471
19.9;IX. Amino Acid Assimilation;481
20;Chapter 14. Biological Nitrogen Fixation;484
20.1;I. Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen;484
20.2;II. Agents of Fixation;488
20.3;III. Properties of the Enzyme System;495
20.4;IV. Chemical Pathway of Fixation;505
20.5;V. Comparative Biochemistry of Nitrogen Fixation;511
21;Chapter 15. Mineral Metabolism;517
21.1;I. Introduction;517
21.2;II. Purification of Media;519
21.3;III. Mineral Elements Required for Growth;522
21.4;IV. Mineral Elements in Bacterial Enzymes;525
21.5;V. Mineral Elements for Pigments and Antibiotics;531
22;Chapter 16. The Comparative Biochemistry of Molecular Hydrogen;534
22.1;I. Comparative Biochemistry;534
22.2;II. Autotrophic and/or Heterotrophic Bacteria;535
22.3;III. Other Acceptors of Hydrogen;540
22.4;IV. The Liberation of Molecular Hydrogen;543
22.5;V. Special Functions of Hydrogenase;546
23;Chapter 17. Assimilation by Bacteria;548
23.1;I. Introduction;548
23.2;II. Manometric Observations on Assimilation;550
23.3;III. Influence of Poisons on Assimilation;555
23.4;IV. Carbon Balances in Assimilation Studies;557
23.5;V. Oxidative Assimilation During Growth;559
23.6;VI. Polysaccharide and Other Syntheses;560
23.7;VII. Assimilation of Nitrogen;561
24;Chapter 18. Degradation and Synthesis of Complex Carbohydrates;565
24.1;I. Introduction;565
24.2;II. Bacterial Polysaccharides;565
24.3;III. Mechanisms of Synthesis;567
24.4;IV. General Conclusions;579
25;Chapter 19. Significance of Autotrophy for Comparative Physiology;583
26;Chapter 20. Luminous Bacteria;593
26.1;I. Introduction;593
26.2;II. General Characteristics and Physiology;595
26.3;III. Luminescence as a Reaction Rate Tool in Biology;600
26.4;IV. General Implications;617
26.5;V. Conclusion;622
27;BIBLIOGRAPHY;624
28;SUBJECT INDEX;695
29;MICROORGANISM INDEX;719