Buch, Englisch, 432 Seiten, Format (B × H): 168 mm x 236 mm, Gewicht: 590 g
A Concise Introduction
Buch, Englisch, 432 Seiten, Format (B × H): 168 mm x 236 mm, Gewicht: 590 g
ISBN: 978-0-19-761887-5
Verlag: Oxford University Press
Unlike textbooks that emphasize the memorization of facts, Asking Questions About Cultural Anthropology: A Concise Introduction, Third Edition, teaches students how to think anthropologically, helping them view cultural issues as an anthropologist might. This approach demonstrates how anthropological thinking can be used as a tool for deciphering everyday experiences. The book covers the essential concepts, terms, and history of cultural anthropology, introducing students to the widely accepted fundamentals and providing a foundation that can be enriched by the use of ethnographies, a reader, articles, lectures, field-based activities, and other kinds of supplements. It balances concise coverage of essential content with a commitment to an active, learner-centered pedagogy.
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- Contents
- Letter From the Authors
- About the Authors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Anthropology
- Asking Questions About Humanity
- How Did Anthropology Begin?
- The Disruptions of Industrialization
- The Theory of Evolution
- Colonial Origins of Cultural Anthropology
- Anthropology as a Global Discipline
- What Do the Four Subfields of Anthropology Have in Common?
- Culture
- Cultural Relativism
- Human Diversity
- Change
- Holism
- How Do Anthropologists Know What They Know?
- The Scientific Method in Anthropology
- When Anthropology Is Not a Science: Interpreting Cultures
- How Do Anthropologists Put Their Knowledge to Work in the World?
- Applied and Practicing Anthropology
- What Ethical Obligations Do Anthropologists Have?
- Do No Harm
- Take Responsibility for Your Work
- Share Your Findings
- The Anthropological Life: Anthropologists Are Innovators
- The Anthropological Life: Key Characteristics of Anthropologists in the Workplace
- A World In Motion: George A. Dorsey and the Anthropology of Immigration in the Early Twentieth Century
- 2 Culture
- Giving Meaning to Human Lives
- What Is Culture?
- Elements of Culture
- Defining Culture in This Book
- If Culture Is Always Changing, Why Does It Feel So Stable?
- Symbols
- Values
- Norms
- Traditions
- How Do Social Institutions Express Culture?
- Culture and Social Institutions
- American Culture Expressed Through Breakfast Cereals and Sexuality
- Can Anybody Own Culture?
- The Anthropological Life: Cultural Anthropology and Human Possibilities
- Anthropologist as Problem Solver: Michael Ames and Collaborative Museum Exhibits
- 3 Ethnography
- Studying Culture
- What Distinguishes Ethnographic Fieldwork from Other Types of Social Research?
- Fieldwork
- Seeing the World from "the Native's Point of View"
- Avoiding Cultural "Tunnel Vision"
- How Do Anthropologists Actually Do Ethnographic Fieldwork?
- Participant Observation: Disciplined "Hanging Out"
- Interviews: Asking and Listening
- Taking Fieldnotes
- What Other Methods Do Cultural Anthropologists Use?
- Comparative Method
- Genealogical Method
- Life Histories
- Ethnohistory
- Rapid Appraisals
- Action Research
- Anthropology at a Distance
- Analyzing Secondary Materials
- Special Issues Facing Anthropologists Studying Their Own Societies
- What Unique Ethical Dilemmas Do Ethnographers Face?
- Protecting Informant Identity
- Anthropology, Spying, and War
- A World in Motion: Transnational Migration, Ethnographic Mobility, and Digital Fieldwork
- 4 Linguistic Anthropology
- Relating Language and Culture
- How Do Anthropologists Study Language?
- Where Does Language Come From?
- Evolutionary Perspectives on Language
- Historical Linguistics: Studying Language Origins and Change
- How Does Language Actually Work?
- Descriptive Linguistics
- Sociolinguistics
- Does Language Shape How We Experience the World?
- The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
- Hopi Notions of Time
- Ethnoscience and Color Terms
- Is The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Correct?
- If Language Is Always Changing, Why Does It Seem So Stable?
- Linguistic Change, Stability, and National Policy
- Language Stability Parallels Cultural Stability
- How Does Language Relate to Social Power and Inequality?
- Language Ideology
- Gendered Language Styles
- Language and the Legacy of Colonialism
- ANTHROPOLOGIST AS PROBLEM SOLVER Helping Communities Preserve Endangered Languages
- A World in Motion: The Emergence of a New Language in the Northern Territory of Australia
- 5 Globalization and Culture
- Understanding Global Interconnections
- Is the World Really Getting Smaller?
- Defining Globalization
- The World We Live In
- What Are the Outcomes of Global Integration?
- Colonialism and World Systems Theory
- Cultures of Migration
- Resistance at the Periphery
- Globalization and Localization
- Doesn't Everyone Want to Be Developed?
- What Is Development?
- Development Anthropology
- Anthropology of Development
- Change on Their Own Terms
- If the World Is Not Becoming Homogenized, What Is Actually Happening?
- Cultural Convergence Theories
- Hybridization
- How Can Anthropologists Study Global Interconnections?
- Defining an Object of Study
- Multi-Sited Ethnography
- A World in Motion: Instant Ramen Noodles Take Over the Globe
- The Anthropological Life: Coldplay and the Global Citizen Festival
- 6 Sustainability
- Environment and Foodways
- Do All People See Nature in the Same Way?
- The Human-Nature Divide?
- The Cultural Landscape
- How Do People Secure an Adequate, Meaningful, and Environmentally Sustainable Food Supply?
- Modes of Subsistence
- Food, Culture, and Meaning
- How Does Non-Western Knowledge of Nature and Agriculture Relate to Science?
- Ethnoscience
- Traditional Ecological Knowledge
- How Are Industrial Agriculture and Economic Globalization Linked to Increasing Environmental and Health Problems?
- Population and Environment
- Ecological Footprint
- Industrial Foods, Sedentary Lives, and the Nutrition Transition
- Anthropology Confronts Climate Change
- Are Industrialized Western Societies the Only Ones to Conserve Nature?
- Anthropogenic Landscapes
- The Culture of Modern Nature Conservation
- Environmentalism's Alternative Paradigms
- ANTHROPOLOGIST AS PROBLEM SOLVER: Urban Black Food Justice with Ashanté Reese
- A World in Motion: Migrant Caravans, Global Warming, and Ecological Refugees
- 7 Economics
- Working, Sharing, and Buying
- Is Money Really the Measure of All Things?
- Culture, Economics, and Value
- The Neoclassical Perspective
- The Substantivist-Formalist Debate
- The Marxist Perspective
- The Cultural Economics Perspective
- So, How is Value Established?
- How Does Culture Shape the Value and Meaning of Money?
- The Types and Cultural Dimensions of Money
- Money and the Distribution of Power
- Why Is Gift Exchange Such an Important Part of All Societies?
- Gift Exchange and Economy: Two Classic Approaches
- Gift Exchange in Market-Based Economies
- What Is the Point of Owning Things?
- Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Property
- Appropriation and Consumption
- Does Capitalism Have Distinct Cultures?
- Culture and Social Relations on Wall Street
- Entrepreneurial Capitalism Among Malays
- The Anthropological Life: The Economics of Anthropology
- ANTHROPOLOGIST AS PROBLEM SOLVER Jim Yong Kim's Holistic, On-the-Ground Approach to Fighting Poverty
- 8 Politics
- Cooperation, Conflict, and Power Relations
- Does Every Society Have a Government?
- The Idea of "Politics" and the Problem of Order
- Structural-Functionalist Models of Political Stability
- Neo-Evolutionary Models of Political Organization: Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and States
- Challenges to Traditional Political Anthropology
- What Is Political Power?
- Defining Political Power
- Political Power Is Action-Oriented
- Political Power Is Structural
- Political Power Is Gendered
- Political Power in Non-State Societies
- The Political Power of the Contemporary Nation-State
- Why Do Some Societies Seem More Violent Than Others?
- What Is Violence?
- Violence and Culture
- Explaining the Rise of Violence in Our Contemporary World
- How Do People Avoid Aggression, Brutality, and War?
- What Disputes Are "About"
- How People Manage Disputes
- Is Restoring Harmony Always the Best Way?
- The Anthropological Life: An Anthropological Politician?
- ANTHROPOLOGIST AS PROBLEM SOLVER Maxwell Owusu and Democracy in Ghana
- 9 Race, Ethnicity, and Class
- Understanding Identity and Social Inequality
- Is Race Biological?
- The Biological Meanings (and Meaningless) of "Human Races"
- Race Does Have Biological Consequences
- How Is Race Culturally Constructed?
- The Construction of Blackness and Whiteness in Colonial Virginia and Beyond
- Racialization in Latin America
- Saying "Race Is Culturally Constructed" Is Not Enough
- How Are Other Social Classifications Naturalized?
- Ethnicity: Common Descent
- Class: Economic Hierarchy in Capitalist Societies
- Caste: Moral Purity and Pollution
- Are Prejudice and Discrimination Inevitable?
- Understanding Prejudice
- Discrimination, Explicit and Disguised
- The Other Side of Discrimination: Unearned Privilege
- The Anthropological Life: Talking About Race and Racism
- 10 Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
- The Fluidity of Maleness and Femaleness
- How and Why Do Males and Females Differ?
- Shifting Views on Male and Female Differences
- Beyond the Male-Female Dichotomy
- Do Hormones Really Cause Gendered Differences in Behavior?
- Why Is There Inequality Between Men and Women?
- Debating "the Second Sex"
- Taking Stock of the Debate
- Reproducing Male-Female Inequalities
- What Does It Mean to Be Neither Male Nor Female?
- Navajo Nádleehé
- Indian Hijras
- Trans in the United States
- Is Human Sexuality Just a Matter of Being Straight or Queer?
- Cultural Perspectives on Same-Sex Sexuality
- Controlling Sexuality
- 11 Kinship, Marriage, and the Family
- Love, Sex, and Power
- What Are Families, and How Are They Structured in Different Societies?
- Families, Ideal and Real
- Nuclear and Extended Families
- Clans and Lineages
- Kinship Terminologies
- Cultural Patterns in Childrearing
- How Do Families Control Power and Wealth?
- Claiming a Bride
- Recruiting the Kids
- Dowry in India
- Controlling Family Wealth Through Inheritance
- Inheritance Rules in Non-Industrial Societies
- Why Do People Get Married?
- Why People Get Married
- Forms of Marriage
- Sex, Love, and the Power of Families Over Young Couples
- How Are Social and Technological Changes Reshaping How People Think About Family?
- International Adoptions and the Problem of Cultural Identity
- In Vitro Fertilization
- Surrogate Mothers and Sperm Donors
- The Anthropological Life: Family-Centered Social Work and Anthropology
- 12 Religion
- Ritual and Belief
- How Should We Understand Religion and Religious Beliefs?
- Understanding Religion, Version 1.0: Edward B. Tylor and Belief in Spirits
- Understanding Religion, Version 2.0: Anthony F. C. Wallace on Supernatural Beings, Powers, and Forces
- Understanding Religion, Version 3.0: Religion as a System of Symbols
- Understanding Religion, Version 4.0: Religion as a System of Social Action
- Making Sense of the 2015 Terrorist Attacks in France: Charlie Hebdo
- What Forms Does Religion Take?
- Clan Spirits and Clan Identities in New Guinea
- Totemism in North America
- Shamanism and Ecstatic Religious Experiences
- Ritual Symbols That Reinforce a Hierarchical Social Order
- Polytheism and Monotheism in Ancient Societies
- World Religions and Universal Understandings of the World
- How Does Atheism Fit in the Discussion?
- How Do Rituals Work?
- Magical Thought in Non-Western Cultures
- Sympathetic Magic: The Law of Similarity and the Law of Contagion
- Magic in Western Societies
- Rites of Passage and the Ritual Process
- How Is Religion Linked to Political and Social Action?
- The Rise of Fundamentalism
- Understanding Fundamentalism
- A World in Motion: Contemporary Pilgrimage and the Camino de Santiago
- The Anthropological Life: Is Anthropology Compatible with Religious Faith?
- 13 The Body
- Biocultural Perspectives on Health and Illness
- How Do Biological and Cultural Factors Shape Our Bodily Experiences?
- Uniting Mind and Matter: A Biocultural Perspective
- Culture and Mental Illness
- What Do We Mean by Health and Illness?
- The Individual Subjectivity of Illness
- The "Sick Role": The Social Expectations of Illness
- How and Why Do Doctors and Other Health Practitioners Gain Social Authority?
- The Disease-Illness Distinction: Professional and Popular Views of Sickness
- The Medicalization of the Non-Medical
- How Does Healing Happen?
- Clinical Therapeutic Processes
- Symbolic Therapeutic Processes
- Social Support
- Persuasion: The Placebo Effect
- How Can Anthropology Help Us Address Global Health Problems?
- Understanding Global Health Problems
- Anthropological Contributions to Tackling the International HIV/AIDS Crisis
- ANTHROPOLOGIST AS PROBLEM SOLVER Nancy Scheper-Hughes on an Engaged Anthropology of Health
- A World in Motion: Medical Tourism in Yemen
- 14 Materiality
- Constructing Social Relationships and Meanings With Things
- Why Is the Ownership of Artifacts From Other Cultures a Contentious Issue?
- Questions of Ownership, Rights, and Protection
- Cultural Resource Management: Not Just for Archaeologists Any More
- How Should We Look at Objects Anthropologically?
- The Many Dimensions of Objects
- A Shiny New Bicycle, in Multiple Dimensions
- The Power of Symbols
- The Symbols of Power
- How and Why Do the Meanings of Things Change Over Time?
- The Social Life of Things
- Three Ways Objects Change Over Time
- How Do Objects Come to Represent Our Goals and Aspirations?
- The Cultural Biography of Things
- The Culture of Mass Consumption
- How Advertisers Manipulate Our Goals and Aspirations
- ANTHROPOLOGIST AS PROBLEM SOLVER John Terrell, Repatriation, and the Maori Meeting House at The Field Museum
- Epilogue
- Cultural Anthropology and the Future of Human Diversity
- Glossary
- References
- Credits
- Index
