Waxman Urological Cancers

1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-1-84628-015-3
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 342 Seiten

Encompasses all areas of urological cancers Combines clinical and molecular advances in one volume Only available book specific to the whole of urological malignancies Appeals equally to urologists and oncologists The well-known author has published over 250 research papers and eleven books on cancer and is also the founder of the 'Prostate Cancer Charity'

Autoren/Hrsg.

Waxman, Jonathan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;8
2;Contents;10
3;Contributors;14
4;Part I Prostate Cancer;18
4.1;1 The Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer --- Sarah Ngan and Jonathan Waxman;20
4.1.1;Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer;20
4.1.2;Chromosomal Alterations;21
4.1.3;Tumor Suppressors;22
4.1.4;Oncogenes;23
4.1.5;Inhibitors of Apoptosis;23
4.1.6;Telomere Length;24
4.1.7;Other Amplified Genes with Clinical Potential;24
4.1.8;The Androgen Receptor;24
4.1.9;Tumor–Environment Interactions;27
4.1.10;Growth Factors;27
4.1.11;Other Cellular–Matrix Interactions;29
4.1.12;Conclusion;30
4.1.13;References;30
4.2;2 Familial Prostate Cancer --- Sashi S. Kommu and Rosalind A. Eeles;34
4.2.1;Evidence for the Genetic Etiology of Prostate Cancer;34
4.2.2;Epidemiological Evidence;35
4.2.3;Molecular Analysis Evidence: Linkage Studies;37
4.2.4;Candidate Gene Analysis Evidence: BRCA2, NBS, and CHEK2 Genes;37
4.2.5;Genome Searches in Prostate Cancer;38
4.2.6;Clinical Management;39
4.2.7;Conclusion;42
4.2.8;References;42
4.3;3 Screening for Prostate Cancer --- Joshua Phillips and Freddie C. Hamdy;48
4.3.1;General Criteria for Establishing a Screening Program;48
4.3.2;Does Screening for Prostate Cancer Reduce Mortality from the Disease?;53
4.3.3;How Can We Study Screening?;53
4.3.4;What Do Men with Prostate Cancer Think of Screening for the Disease?;54
4.3.5;Screening Policies Worldwide;54
4.3.6;Conclusion;55
4.3.7;References;55
4.4;4 Diet and Prostate Cancer --- Danish Mazhar;58
4.4.1;Diet and Prostate Cancer Biology;58
4.4.2;Fat;59
4.4.3;Vitamins;60
4.4.4;Trace Elements;61
4.4.5;Plant Steroids;61
4.4.6;Prostate Cancer Risk Reduction by Dietary Modification;61
4.4.7;References;62
4.5;5 Radical Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer --- Mererid Evans and Malcolm D.Mason;65
4.5.1;Treatment of Early (Localized) Prostate Cancer;65
4.5.2;Conclusion;74
4.5.3;References;74
4.6;6 Prostate Cancer: Immediate vs. Deferred Treatment --- Mark A. Underwood and David Kirk;77
4.6.1;Why Defer Treatment?;77
4.6.2;Immediate or Deferred Treatment: The Swinging Pendulum;78
4.6.3;Clinical Trials;78
4.6.4;Is the Case for Immediate Treatment Proved?;82
4.6.5;Immediate or Deferred Treatment in 2005;83
4.6.6;Conclusion;84
4.6.7;References;84
4.7;7 Surgical Treatment of Prostate Cancer --- Mark R. Feneley and Roger S. Kirby;86
4.7.1;Retropubic Prostatectomy;86
4.7.2;Perineal Prostatectomy;87
4.7.3;Laparoscopic Prostatectomy;87
4.7.4;Principles of Radical Prostatectomy;88
4.7.5;Cancer Control;88
4.7.6;Complications;89
4.7.7;Erectile Function;89
4.7.8;Urinary Continence;90
4.7.9;Quality of Life;90
4.7.10;Outcomes;91
4.7.11;Conclusion;91
4.7.12;References;91
4.8;8 Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer --- Gairin J. Dancey and Jonathan Waxman;94
4.8.1;Localized Disease;94
4.8.2;The Hormonal Treatment of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer;95
4.8.3;Combined Antiandrogen Treatment;96
4.8.4;Intermittent Hormonal Therapy;96
4.8.5;The Treatment of Recurrent Prostate Cancer;97
4.8.6;The Side Effects of Hormonal Therapy;97
4.8.7;Conclusion;98
4.8.8;References;98
4.9;9 Chemotherapy in Prostate Cancer --- Srikala S. Sridhar and Malcolm J.Moore;100
4.9.1;Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer;100
4.9.2;Response to Therapy;101
4.9.3;Chemotherapy in Hormone-Sensitive Disease;105
4.9.4;Summary;109
4.9.5;References;109
4.10;10 Proteomic Approaches to Problem Solving in Prostate Cancer --- Simon C. Gamble;112
4.10.1;Background;112
4.10.2;Techniques in Proteomics;112
4.10.3;Early Proteomic Studies into the Prostate and Prostate Cancer;114
4.10.4;Current Studies and Their Aims;114
4.10.5;New Diagnostic Markers;117
4.10.6;Summary;119
4.10.7;References;119
4.11;11 Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer --- Danish Mazhar and Roopinder Gillmore;121
4.11.1;Delivery Systems for Gene Therapy;121
4.11.2;Gene Therapy Strategies in Prostate Cancer;123
4.11.3;Conclusion;127
4.11.4;References;127
5;Part II Bladder Cancer;130
5.1;12 Molecular Biology of Bladder Cancer --- Margaret A. Knowles;132
5.1.1;Pathogenesis of Bladder Cancer;132
5.1.2;Molecular Alterations in Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma;133
5.1.3;Molecular Alterations in Invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma;137
5.1.4;Genetic Model for Bladder Tumor Development;140
5.1.5;Gaps in Knowledge: Application of Microarray Technology;141
5.1.6;Potential Applications of Molecular Information;141
5.1.7;References;141
5.2;13 Treatment Options in Superficial (pTA/pT1/CIS) Bladder Cancer --- Jeremy L. Ockrim and Paul D. Abel;148
5.2.1;Current Issues in Superficial Bladder Cancer Classification;148
5.2.2;Natural History of Superficial Bladder Cancer and Prognostic Factors;149
5.2.3;Relative Risk of Clinical Prognostic Factors;150
5.2.4;Role of Intravesical Therapy in Tumor Prophylaxis;152
5.2.5;Role of Bacille Calmette-Guérin in the Treatment of Carcinoma in Situ;155
5.2.6;Treatment Options in G3pT1 Disease;155
5.2.7;Other Immunomodulators;157
5.2.8;Conclusion;157
5.2.9;References;157
5.3;14 Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancer --- Matthew D. Galsky and Dean F. Bajorin;162
5.3.1;Older Chemotherapeutic Regimens in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma;162
5.3.2;The Impact of Prognostic Factors;163
5.3.3;Newer Agents/Combinations in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma;163
5.3.4;Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma;166
5.3.5;Postchemotherapy Surgery in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma;166
5.3.6;Recommendations for Treatment of Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma;166
5.3.7;Perioperative Chemotherapy for Transitional Cell Carcinoma;167
5.3.8;Recommendations for Treatment of Locally Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma;169
5.3.9;References;169
5.4;15 Gene Therapy of Urothelial Malignancy --- Sunjay Jain and J. Kilian Mellon;173
5.4.1;Vectors for Transfer of Genetic Information;173
5.4.2;Gene Therapy Strategies in Bladder Cancer;175
5.4.3;Corrective Strategies in Gene Therapy of Bladder Cancer;176
5.4.4;Cytotoxic Approaches to Bladder Cancer Gene Therapy;178
5.4.5;Immunological Gene Therapy;180
5.4.6;Conclusion;181
5.4.7;References;181
6;Part III Kidney Cancer;184
6.1;16 Molecular Biology of Kidney Cancer --- Jeffrey M. Holzbeierlein and J. Brantley Thrasher;186
6.1.1;Clear Cell Carcinoma;186
6.1.2;Von Hippel–Lindau Disease;187
6.1.3;Sporadic Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma;189
6.1.4;Hereditary Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma;190
6.1.5;Tuberous Sclerosis;190
6.1.6;Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma;190
6.1.7;Chromophobe Tumors;192
6.1.8;Renal Oncocytoma;192
6.1.9;Collecting Duct and Medullary Carcinoma of the Kidney;193
6.1.10;Molecular Markers;193
6.1.11;Wilms’ Tumor;193
6.1.12;Conclusion;195
6.1.13;References;195
6.2;17 Cytokine and Angiogenesis Inhibitors --- Simon Chowdhury, Timothy G. Eisen, and Martin Gore;201
6.2.1;Prognostic Factors;201
6.2.2;Immunotherapy;202
6.2.3;Cytokine Therapy;203
6.2.4;The Role of Nephrectomy Before Cytokine Therapy;204
6.2.5;Interferons;205
6.2.6;Interleukin-2;207
6.2.7;Interleukin-2 and Interferon-a;209
6.2.8;Other Cytokines;210
6.2.9;Biochemotherapy;210
6.2.10;Adjuvant Therapy;212
6.2.11;Angiogenesis Inhibitors;212
6.2.12;Angiogenesis Inhibitors Used in Clinical Trials to Treat Renal Cell Carcinoma;213
6.2.13;Thalidomide;215
6.2.14;Conclusion;216
6.2.15;References;216
6.3;18 Novel Therapies for Renal Cell Cancer --- Mayer N. Fishman;221
6.3.1;Conventional Cytotoxics;222
6.3.2;Targeted Drugs;223
6.3.3;General Immunity;225
6.3.4;Leukocyte Products;227
6.3.5;Tumor Products;228
6.3.6;Angiogenic Targeting;229
6.3.7;Vascular Targeting;229
6.3.8;Conclusion;230
6.3.9;References;231
7;Part IV Testicular Cancer;236
7.1;19 Genetics and Biology of Adult Male Germ Cell Tumors --- Jane Houldsworth, George J. Bosl, and R.S.K. Chaganti;238
7.1.1;Pathobiology of Male Germ Cell Tumors;238
7.1.2;Genetic Basis of Adult Male Germ Cell Transformation;239
7.1.3;Germ Cell of Origin of Adult Male Germ Cell Tumors;241
7.1.4;Genetic and Biologic Basis of Extragonadal Male Germ Cell Tumors;242
7.1.5;Genetic and Biologic Basis of Male Germ Cell Tumor Differentiation;242
7.1.6;Genetic and Biologic Basis of Chemoresistance;243
7.1.7;Genetic Basis of Malignant Transformation;244
7.1.8;Acknowledgments;244
7.1.9;References;244
7.2;20 Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer --- Thomas R. Geldart and Graham M.Mead;247
7.2.1;Prognostic Factors;247
7.2.2;Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin (BEP): The Evolution of a Standard Therapy;247
7.2.3;Treatment of Metastatic Disease;248
7.2.4;Adjuvant Chemotherapy;254
7.2.5;Long-Term Toxicities of Chemotherapy for Germ Cell Cancers;255
7.2.6;Conclusion;256
7.2.7;References;256
7.3;21 Surgery for Testicular Cancer --- Gillian L. Smith and Timothy J. Christmas;260
7.3.1;Inguinal Orchidectomy;260
7.3.2;Partial Orchidectomy;262
7.3.3;Contralateral Testicular Biopsy;262
7.3.4;Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Testicular Tumors;263
7.3.5;Seminoma;265
7.3.6;Stromal Tumors;265
7.3.7;Surgical Technique;265
7.3.8;Complications;266
7.3.9;Conclusion;266
7.3.10;References;266
7.4;22 Pathobiological Basis of Treatment Strategies of Germ Cell Tumors --- J.Wolter Oosterhuis, Friedemann Honecker, Frank Mayer, Carsten Bokemeyer, and L.H.J. Looijenga;269
7.4.1;Pathobiology of Human Germ Cell Tumors;269
7.4.2;Diagnosis and Treatment of Carcinoma in Situ/Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia Unclassified;271
7.4.3;Treatment of Invasive Germ Cell Tumors;273
7.4.4;Conclusions and Perspectives;281
7.4.5;Acknowledgments;282
7.4.6;References;282
8;Part V Penile Cancer;290
8.1;23 A Scientific Understanding of the Development of Penile Tumors --- T.R. Leyshon Griffiths and J. Kilian Mellon;292
8.1.1;Etiology;292
8.1.2;Oncogenic Effect of Human Papillomavirus;294
8.1.3;p14ARF/MDM2/p53 and Pathways in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis;296
8.1.4;p16INK4A/Cyclin D/Rb Pathways in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis;296
8.1.5;Conclusion;297
8.1.6;References;297
8.2;24 The Clinical Management of Penile Cancer --- Rajiv Sarin, Hemant B. Tongaonkar, and Reena Engineer;300
8.2.1;Epidemiology and Etiology;300
8.2.2;Natural History, Histology, and Clinical Presentation;300
8.2.3;Pretreatment Evaluation and Pitfalls in Staging;302
8.2.4;Treatment Options, Techniques, and Outcome;303
8.2.5;Management of the Penile Primary Tumor;303
8.2.6;Management of Ilioinguinal Nodes;307
8.2.7;Chemotherapy;310
8.2.8;Prognosis;311
8.2.9;Quality of Life and Psychosexual Issues;311
8.2.10;Conclusion;312
8.2.11;References;312
9;Part VI Unusual Urological Tumors;316
9.1;25 Oncocytomas and Rare Renal Tumors --- Holger Moch;318
9.1.1;Oncocytoma;318
9.1.2;Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Renal Tumors;319
9.1.3;Primary Renal Synovial Sarcomas;320
9.1.4;Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors of the Kidney;321
9.1.5;Mucinous Tubular Spindle Cell Carcinoma;321
9.1.6;Renal Cell Carcinoma in Children and Young Adults;323
9.1.7;Summary;324
9.1.8;References;324
9.2;26 Small Cell Tumors, Lymphomas, and Sertoli Cell and Leydig Cell Tumors of the Bladder, Prostate, and Testis --- Chris M. Bacon and Alex Freeman;326
9.2.1;Lymphomas of the Testis, Bladder, and Prostate;326
9.2.2;Small Cell Tumors of the Bladder and Prostate;334
9.2.3;Sex Cord–Stromal (Mesenchymal) Tumors of the Testis;337
9.2.4;References;341
10;Index;350