Wait / Cullen / Fock Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Media

Revised Edition Including Supplemented Material
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8425-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 620 Seiten, Web PDF

International Series of Monographs in Electromagnetic Waves, Volume 3: Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Media provides information pertinent to the electromagnetic waves in media whose properties differ in one particular direction. This book discusses the important feature of the waves that enables communications at global distances. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the general analysis for the electromagnetic response of a plane stratified medium comprising of any number of parallel homogeneous layers. This text then explains the reflection of electromagnetic waves from planar stratified media. Other chapters consider the oblique reflection of plane electromagnetic waves from a continuously stratified medium. This book discusses as well the fundamental theory of wave propagation around a sphere. The final chapter deals with the theory of propagation in a spherically stratified medium. This book is a valuable resource for electrical engineers, scientists, and research workers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Wait, James R.

Cullen, A. L.

Fock, V. A.

Wait, J. R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Media;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION;13
6;PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION;13
7;Chapter I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION;14
7.1;1. SCOPE OF THE SUBJECT;14
7.2;2. NOTATION AND SOME BASIC IDEAS;15
7.3;3. SUMMARY OF SUBJECT MATTER IN FOLLOWING CHAPTERS;17
7.4;GENERAL REFERENCES;19
8;Chapter II. REFLECTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES FROM HORIZONTALLY STRATIFIED MEDIA;21
8.1;1. INTRODUCTION;21
8.2;2. PLANE WAVE INCIDENCE;23
8.3;3. EXTENSION TO PERPENDICULAR INCIDENCE;28
8.4;4. IMPEDANCE MATCHING AND NATURAL OSCILLATIONS IN STRATIFIED MEDIA;30
8.5;5. LINE SOURCE EXCITATION;34
8.6;6. LINE SOURCE ON A HOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM;38
8.7;7. LINE SOURCE OVER A THIN LAYER;40
8.8;8. THE RADIATION FIELD OF THE LINE SOURCE FOR ANY NUMBER OF LAYERS;44
8.9;9. MAGNETIC LINE SOURCE OVER A STRATIFIED MEDIUM;45
8.10;10. MAGNETIC LINE SOURCE OVER A DIELECTRIC COATED CONDUCTOR;46
8.11;11. THE FIELDS OF A VERTICAL ELECTRIC DIPOLE OVER A STRATIFIED HALF-SPACE;48
8.12;12. SOME EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS;58
8.13;Appendix A: EVALUATION OF THE INTEGRAL P;61
8.14;Appendix B: NUMERICAL RESULTS FOR SURFACE IMPEDANCE OF A STRATIFIED CONDUCTOR;66
8.15;REFERENCES;75
9;Chapter III. REFLECTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES FROM INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA WITH SPECIAL PROFILES;77
9.1;1. INTRODUCTION;77
9.2;2. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS;77
9.3;3. INVERSE SQUARE PROFILE;78
9.4;4. PROFILE WITH AN EXPONENTIAL TRANSITION;81
9.5;5. OTHER EXPONENTIAL PROFILES;83
9.6;6. LINEAR PROFILE;88
9.7;7. EXTENSION TO VERTICAL POLARIZATION;91
9.8;8. EXPONENTIAL PROFILE WITH VERTICAL POLARIZATION;92
9.9;9. POWER LAW PROFILE FOR NORMAL INCIDENCE;94
9.10;REFERENCES;97
10;Chapter IV. APPROXIMATE METHODS FOR TREATING REFLECTIONS FROM INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA;99
10.1;1. INTRODUCTION AND THE CONVENTIONAL WKB METHOD;99
10.2;2. WKB METHOD FOR OBLIQUE INCIDENCE;100
10.3;3. GENERALIZATION OF WKB METHOD;101
10.4;4. GENERALIZED WKB METHOD FOR VERTICAL POLARIZATION;103
10.5;5. RELATION TO GEOMETRICAL OPTICS;104
10.6;6. APPLICATION TO TROPOSPHERIC PROPAGATION;106
10.7;7. THE PHASE INTEGRAL APPROACH;108
10.8;8. A GENERALIZATION OF THE PHASE INTEGRAL METHOD;111
10.9;9. PHASE INTEGRAL FOR VERTICAL POLARIZATION;112
10.10;10. RAPIDLY VARYING TRANSITION REGION;113
10.11;REFERENCES;118
11;Chapter V. PROPAGATION ALONG A SPHERICAL SURFACE;120
11.1;1. BASIC FORMULATION;120
11.2;2. THE WATSON TRANSFORMATION;123
11.3;3. FORMULA FOR SMALL CURVATURE;126
11.4;4. INFLUENCE OF AN INHOMOGENEOUS ATMOSPHERE;128
11.5;5. EQUIVALENT EARTH RADIUS CONCEPT;130
11.6;6. EXTENSION TO NON-LINEAR ATMOSPHERE;131
11.7;7. ASYMPTOTIC FORM OF THE SOLUTION;135
11.8;8. DISTANCE TO THE HORIZON;137
11.9;9. CONCLUDING REMARKS;141
11.10;REFERENCES;143
12;Chapter VI. FUNDAMENTALS OF MODE THEORY OF WAVE PROPAGATION;145
12.1;1. INTRODUCTION;145
12.2;2. BASIC CONCEPTS;147
12.3;3. FORMULATION FOR FLAT EARTH;150
12.4;4. PROPERTIES OF THE MODES FOR FLAT EARTH CASE;160
12.5;5. INFLUENCE OF EARTH CURVATURE;166
12.6;6. MODE SERIES FOR A CURVED EARTH;170
12.7;7. ANTI-PODAL EFFECTS;175
12.8;8. RESONATOR-TYPE OSCILLATIONS BETWEEN EARTH AND THE IONOSPHERE;176
12.9;9. EXCITATION BY HORIZONTAL DIPOLES FOR THE CURVED EARTH;181
12.10;10. HIGHER APPROXIMATIONS TO THE CURVED EARTH THEORY;187
12.11;11. INFLUENCE OF STRATIFICATION AT THE LOWER EDGE OF THE IONOSPHERE;195
12.12;12. AVERAGE DECAY LAWS;200
12.13;13. APPENDIX;206
12.14;REFERENCES;206
13;Chapter VII. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MODES FOR V.L.F. PROPAGATION;209
13.1;1. INTRODUCTION;209
13.2;2. THE GROUND WAVE;209
13.3;3. THE SKY WAVES;210
13.4;4. THE ROOTS OF THE MODAL EQUATION!;214
13.5;5. COMMENTS ON A MORE ACCURATE FORM OF THE MODE EQUATION;226
13.6;6. THE HEIGHT-GAIN FUNCTIONS;231
13.7;7. THE EXCITATION OF V.L.F. MODES;234
13.8;8. DISCUSSION OF THE EARTH DETACHED MODE;237
13.9;REFERENCES;238
14;Chapter VIII. PROPAGATION IN STRATIFIED MAGNETO-PLASMA MEDIA;239
14.1;1. INTRODUCTION;239
14.2;2. THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF A PLASMA;240
14.3;3. THE FIELD EQUATIONS;243
14.4;4. REFLECTION COEFFICIENT FOR A PLANE BOUNDARY BETWEEN FREE SPACE AND PLASMA;244
14.5;5. REFLECTION FROM A STRATIFIED PLASMA;246
14.6;6. ARBITRARY INCLINATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD;249
14.7;7. REFLECTION FROM A HOMOGENEOUS PLASMA WITH ARBITRARY MAGNETIC FIELD;252
14.8;8. DERIVATION OF APPROXIMATE REFLECTION COEFFICIENTS;256
14.9;9. THE MODE SERIES FOR AN ANISOTROPIC IONOSPHERE;259
14.10;10. EFFECT OF EARTH CURVATURE;264
14.11;Appendix A;267
14.12;Appendix B;269
14.13;Appendix C;273
14.14;REFERENCES;275
15;Chapter IX. V.L.F. PROPAGATION—THEORY AND EXPERIMENT;277
15.1;1. INTRODUCTION;277
15.2;2. APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS OF THE MODE EQUATION;277
15.3;3. MEASURED FIELD STRENGTH VS. DISTANCE DATA AT V.L.F.;290
15.4;4. MEASURED PHASE CHARACTERISTICS OF V.L.F. CARRIERS;294
15.5;5. MEASUREMENTS OF DIURNAL PHASE SHIFTS AT V.L.F.;297
15.6;6. SFERICS AND MODE THEORY;298
15.7;REFERENCES;300
16;Chapter X. E.L.F. (EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY) PROPAGATION—THEORY AND EXPERIMENT;302
16.1;1. INTRODUCTION;302
16.2;2. BASIC THEORETICAL MODEL;302
16.3;3. ANTIPODAL EFFECTS;304
16.4;4. EARTH-FLATTENING APPROXIMATION;304
16.5;5. DISTANCE AND FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE;308
16.6;6. NEAR FIELD BEHAVIOR;311
16.7;7. EFFECT OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD;313
16.8;8. EFFECT OF AN INHOMOGENEOUS ATMOSPHERE;319
16.9;9. PROPAGATION OF E.L.F. PULSES;322
16.10;10. INTERPRETATION OF HEPBURN'S EXPERIMENTAL DATA;326
16.11;11. INFLUENCE OF HORIZONTAL CURRENTS;328
16.12;Appendix: SURFACE IMPEDANCE OF A SPHERICALLY STRATIFIED CONDUCTOR;331
16.13;REFERENCES;334
17;Chapter XI. ASYMPTOTIC DEVELOPMENT FOR GUIDED WAVE PROPAGATION;337
17.1;1. INTRODUCTION;337
17.2;2. FORMULATION OF PROBLEM;337
17.3;3. THE COMPLEX INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION;338
17.4;4. THE MODE REPRESENTATION;341
17.5;5. RAY THEORY AND SADDLE POINT APPROXIMATIONS;342
17.6;6. RELATION TO GEOMETRICAL OPTICS;345
17.7;7. TREATMENT AT THE CAUSTIC;349
17.8;8. APPLICATIONS TO TROPOSPHERIC PROPAGATION;351
17.9;9. CONCLUDING REMARKS;352
17.10;REFERENCES;353
18;Chapter XII. SUPERREFRACTION AND THE THEORY OF TROPOSPHERIC DUCTING;354
18.1;1. INTRODUCTION;354
18.2;2. FORMULATION;354
18.3;3. THE ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTION;356
18.4;4. THE SPECIAL CASE OF A NORMAL ATMOSPHERE;357
18.5;5. REDUCTION TO RAY THEORY FOR "NORMAL" ATMOSPHERE;359
18.6;6. EXTENSION OF THEORY TO INCLUDE SUPERREFRACTION;361
18.7;7. REFINEMENTS TO THE ASYMPTOTIC APPROXIMATIONS;364
18.8;8. A FEW QUANTITATIVE RESULTS FOR TROPOSPHERIC DUCTING;367
18.9;9. REDUCTION TO THE PHASE INTEGRAL FORM;369
18.10;10. THE MODIFIED INDEX OF REFRACTION METHOD;371
18.11;REFERENCES;376
19;Chapter XIII. APPENDIX—SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL;378
19.1;1. Influence of the Lower Ionosphere on Propagation of VLF Waves to Great Distances];380
19.2;2. VLF Mode Problem for an Anisotropie Curved Ionosphere;404
19.3;3. Reflection of VLF Radio Waves from an Inhomogeneous Ionosphere. Part I Exponentially Varying Isotropìe Model;416
19.4;4. Reflection of VLF Radio Waves from an Inhomogeneous Ionosphere. Part II. Perturbed Exponential Model;430
19.5;5. Reflection of VLF Radio Waves from an Inhomogeneous Ionosphere. Part III. Exponential Model with Hyperbolic Transition;442
19.6;6. Some Remarks on Mode and Ray Theories of VLF Radio Propagation;454
19.7;7. Two-Dimensional Treatment of Mode Theory of the Propagation of VLF Radio Waves;458
19.8;8. Reflection of Electromagnetic Waves from a Lossy Magnetoplasma;476
19.9;9. A Note on VHF Reflection from a Tropospheric Layer;490
19.10;10. Concerning the Mechanism of Reflection of Electromagnetic Waves from an Inhomogeneous Lossy Plasma;494
19.11;11. Influence of an Inhomogeneous Ground on the Propagation of VLF Radio Waves in the Earth-ionosphere Waveguide;504
19.12;12. Propagation in a Model Terrestrial Waveguide of Nonuniform Height: Theory and Experiment;518
19.13;13. Transverse Propagation of Waveguide Modes in a Cylindrically Stratified Magnetoplasma;542
19.14;14. Cavity Resonator Modes in a Cylindrically Stratified Magnetoplasma;558
19.15;15. Electromagnetic Propagation in an Idealized Earth Crust Waveguide;564
19.16;16. Illumination of an Inhomogeneous Spherical Earth by an LF Plane Electromagnetic Wave;578
19.17;17. Radiation from Dipoles in an Idealized Jungle Environment;588
19.18;18. Comments on a Paper "A Numerical Investigation of Classical Approximations Used in VLF Propagation" by R. A. Papperty E. E. Gossard, and I. J. Rothmuller;594
19.19;19. On the Calculation of Mode Conversion at a Graded Height Change in the Earth-ionosphere Waveguide at VLF;596
20;Errata and Addenda;606
21;AUTHOR INDEX;612
22;SUBJECT INDEX;616