Vonortas / Rouge / Aridi Innovation Policy

A Practical Introduction
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4939-2233-8
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 129 Seiten

Reihe: SpringerBriefs in Entrepreneurship and Innovation

This book provides a concise introduction to important aspects of contemporary innovation policy, with particular emphasis on its impact on economic growth and development. It addresses a non-specialist audience interested in quickly building background knowledge, getting familiar with the terminology, and understanding core concerns and debates in this area of policy. The book has its origins in a more extensive report to the World Bank prepared to impart background information to middle- and upper-level policy decision-makers and analysts as well as stakeholders from industry and universities from developing countries prior to engaging in intensive 'how-to' policy training. Our audience also includes upper-level undergraduate and graduate students embarking on the study of innovation policy.Featuring contributions from leading scholars and policy experts, this volume references critical readings presents a wide array of data, on the following topics:Fundamentals of Innovation Policy for Growth and Development University Entrepreneurship Strategic Alliances / Knowledge-Intensive Partnerships Clusters / Science Parks / Knowledge Business Incubators High Risk Finance Intellectual Property, Standards

Nicholas Vonortas is Professor of Economics and International Affairs at the George Washington University in Washington D.C. He is a faculty member of the Department of Economics and of the Center for International Science and Technology Policy (CISTP). Professor Vonortas' teaching and research interests are in industrial organization, in the economics of technological change, and in science, technology and innovation policy. He specializes on strategic partnerships / innovation networks, theory of investment under uncertainty, technology transfer, knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship / high-risk financing, and the appraisal of the economic returns of R&D programs. Professor Vonortas is an editor of the peer-reviewed journal Science and Public Policy.  He holds a Ph.D. and a M.Phil. in Economics from New York University (USA), a MA in Economic Development from Leicester University (UK), and a BA in Economics from the University of Athens (Greece).Phoebe C. Rouge is currently a Data Analyst at the US Federal Trade Commission in Washington, DC and worked previously while a student with the Center for International Science and Technology Policy (CISTP) at George Washington University. Her interests are in the social and economic aspects of technological change, and in science, technology, and innovation policy. Phoebe holds an MA in International Science and Technology Policy, specializing in economics of technological change, from the Elliott School at the George Washington University and an AB in History and Science, specializing in physics and 20th century American technology, from Harvard University.Anwar Aridi is an Economic and Technology Policy Analyst at SRI International, specializes in innovation policy and strategy, economic development, and technology entrepreneurship. Prior to joining SRI, Anwar was at the World Bank in the Middle East department working on strategy and innovation related projects. He previously worked in the education technology area in Jordan and Lebanon.  Anwar is currently a Ph.D. candidate at the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Administration at the George Washington University specializing in science and technology policy. He holds a Master's degree in International Science and Technology Policy from the same university, a Master's degree in Information and Telecommunication Systems from Ohio State University, and a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science from the Lebanese American University.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Vonortas, Nicholas S.

Rouge, Phoebe C.

Aridi, Anwar

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;5
2;Contributors;6
3;List of Figures;7
4;List of Tables;8
5;Chapter-1;9
5.1;Introduction;9
6;Chapter 2;13
6.1;Fundamentals of Innovation Policy for Growth and Development;13
6.1.1;2.1 Introduction;13
6.1.2;2.2 Models of Economic Growth;14
6.1.2.1;2.2.1 The Neoclassical Growth Model;14
6.1.2.2;2.2.2 Endogenous Growth Theories;15
6.1.2.3;2.2.3 Evolutionary Economics;16
6.1.2.4;2.2.4 The Convergence Hypothesis;17
6.1.3;2.3 Technology Creation (Invention);18
6.1.3.1;2.3.1 The Research Chain;18
6.1.3.2;2.3.2 Economic Arguments for Policy Intervention in Research Activity;18
6.1.3.3;2.3.3 Issues of Interest to Policymakers;19
6.1.3.3.1;2.3.3.1 Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs);19
6.1.3.3.2;2.3.3.2 R&D Composition;20
6.1.3.3.3;2.3.3.3 Non-Linear Research Models;20
6.1.3.4;2.3.4 Policy Tools Available to Support Basic Research;21
6.1.4;2.4 Commercialization of New Technologies (Innovation);21
6.1.4.1;2.4.1 Commercialization and Large Firms;22
6.1.4.2;2.4.2 Commercialization and Entrepreneurship/Small Firms;22
6.1.4.3;2.4.3 Policy Interventions Supporting Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses;24
6.1.4.3.1;2.4.3.1 Finance and Technical Assistance;24
6.1.4.3.2;2.4.3.2 Government Procurement;24
6.1.4.3.3;2.4.3.3 National Systems of Entrepreneurship;25
6.1.5;2.5 Technology Diffusion;25
6.1.5.1;2.5.1 The Diffusion Process;25
6.1.5.2;2.5.2 Diffusion Policy;26
6.1.5.3;2.5.3 International Diffusion;27
6.1.6;2.6 Technology, Innovation, and International Economic Competitiveness;28
6.1.6.1;2.6.1 Defining Competitiveness;28
6.1.6.2;2.6.2 Assessing Competitiveness: The Global Competitiveness Index;29
6.1.6.3;2.6.3 Competitiveness as a Decentralized Process;30
6.1.6.4;2.6.4 Policy Implications;31
6.1.6.4.1;2.6.4.1 Clusters and Technology Parks;31
6.1.6.4.2;2.6.4.2 Systems of Innovation;32
6.1.7;References;33
7;Chapter-3;35
7.1;University Entrepreneurship: A Survey of US Experience;35
7.1.1;3.1 Introduction;35
7.1.2;3.2 Bayh-Dole Act;37
7.1.3;3.3 The Entrepreneurial University;40
7.1.3.1;3.3.1 Incentive Structures;40
7.1.3.2;3.3.2 Concern About Publication Delay and Increased Secrecy;41
7.1.3.3;3.3.3 Diversion of Research Priorities;42
7.1.3.4;3.3.4 Conclusions;42
7.1.4;3.4 Technology Transfer Offices;43
7.1.4.1;3.4.1 Effectiveness in Commercializing University Research Results;44
7.1.4.2;3.4.2 Performance in Launching New Firms;45
7.1.4.3;3.4.3 Relations with Private Research Sponsors;48
7.1.4.4;3.4.4 Critiques of Technology Transfer Offices;48
7.1.4.5;3.4.5 Alternative Approaches to TTO Commercialization Activities;49
7.1.5;3.5 Conclusion;50
7.1.6;References;51
8;Chapter-4;55
8.1;Strategic Alliances/Knowledge-Intensive Partnerships;55
8.1.1;4.1 Introduction;55
8.1.2;4.2 Common Types of Alliances;56
8.1.3;4.3 Context of Strategic Alliances;58
8.1.3.1;4.3.1 Definitions;58
8.1.3.2;4.3.2 International Context;59
8.1.4;4.4 A Practical Guide;61
8.1.4.1;4.4.1 Partnership Opportunities and Dangers;61
8.1.5;4.5 Partner Choice;65
8.1.6;4.6 Partnership Negotiation;66
8.1.7;4.7 Conclusion;69
8.1.8;References;70
9;Chapter-5;72
9.1;Clusters/Science Parks/Knowledge Business Incubators;72
9.1.1;5.1 Introduction;72
9.1.2;5.2 Clusters;73
9.1.2.1;5.2.1 What is a Cluster and Why are they Desirable?;73
9.1.2.2;5.2.2 Why Do Industries Cluster?;74
9.1.2.3;5.2.3 Agglomeration Vs. Innovative Clustering;76
9.1.2.4;5.2.4 Case Studies in Cluster Formation;78
9.1.2.4.1;5.2.4.1 Silicon Valley;78
9.1.2.4.2;5.2.4.2 Bangalore, India;79
9.1.2.4.3;5.2.4.3 Silicon Wadi (Israel);80
9.1.2.5;5.2.5 Can Governments Stimulate Cluster Growth?;81
9.1.3;5.3 Science Parks and Incubators;82
9.1.3.1;5.3.1 Science Parks;82
9.1.3.2;5.3.2 Knowledge Business Incubators;86
9.1.3.2.1;5.3.2.1 Infrastructure;87
9.1.3.2.2;5.3.2.2 Business Support;88
9.1.3.2.3;5.3.2.3 Access to Networks;88
9.1.3.2.4;5.3.2.4 Assessments of Effectiveness;89
9.1.4;5.4 Conclusion;90
9.1.5;References;90
10;Chapter-6;92
10.1;High-Risk Finance;92
10.1.1;6.1 Introduction;92
10.1.2;6.2 Types of Financing;93
10.1.2.1;6.2.1 Debt and Equity;93
10.1.2.2;6.2.2 Equity Investors Provide Useful Expertise;94
10.1.2.3;6.2.3 Investors Hindered by Information Asymmetries;95
10.1.3;6.3 Stages of Investment;95
10.1.4;6.4 Exiting;98
10.1.5;6.5 Acquisitions vs. Initial Public Offerings;98
10.1.5.1;6.5.1 Bankruptcy;101
10.1.5.2;6.5.2 The Cost of Failure Matters;101
10.1.5.3;6.5.3 Ease of Exit;101
10.1.6;6.6 Contextual Challenges;102
10.1.6.1;6.6.1 Intellectual Property Rights;102
10.1.6.2;6.6.2 Taxation;103
10.1.6.3;6.6.3 Consistent and Impartial Rule of Law;103
10.1.7;6.7 Approaches to Supporting High-Risk Finance;104
10.1.7.1;6.7.1 Research and Development Subsidies, Microfinance, and Small Business Support;106
10.1.7.2;6.7.2 Case: Public Support Programs for High-Risk Financing in Finland;108
10.1.8;6.8 Recommendations;110
10.1.9;References;111
11;Chapter-7;114
11.1;Intellectual Property, Standards;114
11.1.1;7.1 Introduction;114
11.1.2;7.2 Forms of Intellectual Property Protection;114
11.1.3;7.3 Intellectual Property in the Innovation Ecosystem;116
11.1.4;7.4 Intellectual Property and Development;117
11.1.5;7.5 Determining the Need for and Impact of Intellectual Property;120
11.1.6;7.6 Standards;124
11.1.7;7.7 Conclusion;126
11.1.8;References;127