Spice Models to Simulate Vintage Op-Amp Noise
Buch, Englisch, 333 Seiten, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 557 g
ISBN: 978-3-030-99445-7
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
This book features an extensive index and all Mathcad worksheets.
Vinyl is back, tubes/valves are back, on the high-end field SMD-free analog amplification surpasses digitalized chains, and top microphone manufacturers still set on good old op-amps or on fully discrete BJT, FET, and/or tube-driven amplifiers. There is only one problem that is not satisfyingly well solved by the manufacturers: It is the noise production of the active components and the useful reflection in simulation tools, in tables or graphs of the datasheets/data books.
Nowadays, mostly surrounded by many digital helping tools, it makes sense using them—also by analog aficionados. It saves cost and time simulating first before spending money. Presented in this book the software tool LTSpice which is the free software solution from Linear Technology (today Analog Devices) that could also be used by full analog lovers to simulate the noise production of their amplifier design. All we need is the right creation approach to develop simulation models for the active components. Inter alia this is already done for tubes and BJTs in the 2nd editions of my “How to Gain Gain” and “Balanced Phono-Amps” books. For op-amps, the missing approaches are presented in the book on hand.
It cannot be denied that mathematical software like Mathcad is extremely helpful to find the right equations for graphically presented noise curves which we can find in the literature. Nevertheless, it also works well with other types of math software to fulfill the parameter needs of the here presented modeling approaches for the input referred voltage and current noise of—not only—excellent sounding vintage op-amps, applicable in the audio range from 1 Hz to 100 kHz.
Zielgruppe
Professional/practitioner
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Nachrichten- und Kommunikationstechnik Signalverarbeitung
- Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik Bauelemente, Schaltkreise
- Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Akustik, Tontechnik
- Naturwissenschaften Physik Mechanik Akustik, Schwingungsanalyse
Weitere Infos & Material
1 Intro
1.1 Reasons for this Book
1.2 Scope of this Book
1.3 Some Rules for a Better Understanding2 Basics of OPA Noise and Gain
2.1 Noise Sources of an OPA
2.2 General Aspects of OPA Gains2.3 Test of “Test-OPA-M” with the Adapted Fig. 1.7 Test Arrangement
2.3.1 Spice parameters for the Test-OPA-M and test arrangement
2.3.2 Noise voltage
2.3.3 Noise Current
2.3.4 Slopes
2.4 Résumé
3 Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 2
3.1 MCD-WS: Test-OPA-M Open Loop Gain
3.2 MCD-WS: Test-OPA-M Noise Production
4 Non-Inverting OPA Gain Stages
4.1 The Noise Production of the Non-Inverting (Series Configured) OPA Gain Stage
4.2 Output Related
4.3 Input Related
4.4 Résumé
5 Mathcad Worksheet for Chapter 4
5.1 MCD-WS: Non-Inverting Gain Stage
6 Inverting OPA Gain Stages
6.1 The Noise Production of the Inverting (Shunt Configured) OPA Gain Stage
6.2 Output Related
6.3 Input Related
6.4 Résumé
6.5 Important Note Concerning an Additional Load Zx(f) at the (+) Input of the OPA in Fig. 6.2
7 Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 6
7.1 MCD-WS: Inverting Gain Stage
7.2 MCD-WS: Proof
8 Phono-Amp with OPAs8.1 The Noise Production of the Phono-Amp
8.2 Main Equations to Calculate the Output Voltage noise and SNs
of the Fig. 8.1 RIAA Phono-Amp – Correlated and Un-Correlated
8.2.1 Main equations for Fig. 8.9 (à la MCD-WS 9.3):
8.2.2 Main equations for Fig. 8.11 (à la MCD-WS 9.3):
8.2.3 Main equations for Fig. 8.1 incl input load (à la MCD-WS 9.3):
8.3 Résumé
9 Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 8
9.1 MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + 0.0 Ohm with Test-OPA-M9.2 MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + 1.0 k Ohm with Test-OPA-M
9.3 MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + StaCar with Test-OPA-M
Part II Solutions Other Than Slopes of 0.0 dB/dec or -10.0 dB/dec
10 The Correlation Matter
10.1 OPA with all its Independent Equivalent Input Noise Sources
10.2 The Voltage Noise Question
10.2.1 The 100% un-correlated state
10.2.2 The 100% correlated state
10.2.3 The general state
10.3 The Current Noise Question
10.3.1 The 100% un-correlated state
10.3.2 The 100% correlated state
10.3.3 The general state
10.4 Real OPAs
10.4.1 Model vs. Data Sheet – Results
10.4.2 Recommended approach to find the correlation state of OPAs,
demonstrated by application of the example OPA AD797
10.5 Résumé
11 Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 10
11.1 MCD-WS: Test-OPA-01 Correlation Basics
11.2 MCD-WS: AD797 Correlation Basics
11.3 MCD-WS: LT1128 Correlation Basics
12 OPA Noise Modelling
12.1 Intro
12.2 Noise Traces of OPAs
12.3 Goals
12.4 The Voltage Noise Solution
12.5 The Current Noise Solution I – Non-inverted and Non-Correlated Version
12.6 The Current Noise Solution II – Inverted and Correlated Version
12.7 The Final Replacement OPA with Independent and Adjustable Noise Sources
12.7.1 OPA without any correlation of the noise sources
12.7.2 OPA including inverted and 100% correlated current noise sources
12.7.3 Other correlation arrangements
12.8 Comparison Results
13 Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 12
13.1 MCD-WS: Traces
13.2 MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + StaCar with Test-OPA-N
13.3 MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + 1.0 k Ohm with Test-OPA-N
13.4 MCD-WS: Phono-Amp + 0.0 Ohm with Test-OPA-N
Part III Solutions for a Selection of Real Op-Amps
14 Noise Traces for the Simulation Model of OPAs
– Created with the Example OPA NE5534A
14.1 Intro
14.2 The Simulation Model’s Traces Presented by the Manufacturer
14.3 Data Collection
14.4 Decision about the “right” Traces
14.4.1 Voltage Noise
14.4.2 Current Noise
14.5 Further Material of Noise Trace
14.6 The Final NE5534AN Simulation Model for the New NE5534AN14.7 What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources
of the Original Model?
14.8 What about the OPA’s Input Resistance Rn
14.9 Gain-of-Three-Question
15 Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 14
15.1 MCD-WS: NE5534AN Voltage Noise Trace
15.2 MCD-WS: NE5534AN Current Noise Trace
16 Example OPA1611
16.1 Intro
16.2 Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Voltage Noise Generator
16.3 Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Current Noise Generator
16.4 Is it Worth Creating a New Simulation Model for OPA1611’s Noise Purposes?
16.5 What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources
of the Original Model?
16.6 The Final OPA1611N Simulation Model
17 Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 16
17.1 MCD-WS: OPA1611N Voltage Noise Trace
17.2 MCD-WS: OPA1611N Current Noise Trace
18 Example NE5532A
18.1 Intro
18.2 Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Voltage Noise Generator
18.3 Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Current Noise Generator
18.4 Is it Worth Creating a New Simulation Model for NE5532A’s Noise Purposes?18.5 What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources
of the Original Model?
18.6 The Final NE5532AN Simulation Model
19 Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 18
19.1 MCD-WS: NE5532AN Voltage Noise Trace
19.2 MCD-WS: NE5532AN Current Noise Trace
20 Example OPA134
20.1 Intro
20.2 Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Voltage Noise Generator
20.3 Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Current Noise Generator
20.4 Is it Worth Creating a New Simulation model for OPA134’s Noise Purposes?
20.5 What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources
of the Original Model?
20.6 The Final OPA134N Simulation Model
21 Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 20
21.1 MCD-WS: OPA134N Voltage Noise Trace
21.2 MCD-WS: OPA134N Current Noise Trace
22 Example TL071
22.1 Intro
22.2 Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Voltage Noise Generator
22.2.1 Recommendation for TI’s voltage noise generator
22.2.2 Recommendation for ST’s voltage noise generator
22.2.3 Remarks about the strange looking datasheet voltage noise curves
22.3 Recommendation for an Adequate Simulation Model of a Current Noise Generator
22.4 Is it Worth Creating a New Simulation Model for TL071’s Noise Purposes?
22.5 What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources of the Original Model?
22.6 The Final Simulation Models TL071SN and TL071TN23 Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 22
23.1 MCD-WS: TL071SN & TL071TN Voltage Noise Traces
23.2 MCD-WS: TL071SN & TL071TN Current Noise Traces
24 Example SSM-2017
24.1 Intro
24.2 Recommendations for Adequate Simulation Models of the Three Voltage Noise Generators in Fig. 24.4
24.2.1 Mathematics to calculate the noise of the complete amplifier
24.2.2 Simulation model of the two input voltage noise sources
24.2.3 Simulation model of the input voltage noise source
of the 2 gain stage
24.3 Recommendation for Adequate Simulation Models for the Two Current Noise Generators in Fig. 24.4
24.4 Is it Worth Creating a Simulation Model for SSM-2017’s Noise Purposes?
24.5 What About the Correlation of the Current Noise Sources?24.6 The Final SSM2017N Simulation Model
24.7 Test of the Model
24.8 Applications
24.8.1 Microphone amplifier with input load
24.8.2 Summing amplifier
24.8.3 CCIR-1k filter
25 Mathcad Worksheets for Chapter 24
25.1 MCD-WS: SSM2017 Gain & Noise Calculations
26 Summary
26.1 Contents of this Chapter26.2 Tables
26.3 Data Sources
26.3.1 BJT-input Devices
26.3.2 FET-input Devices
26.3.3 Special Amplifiers and Additional Remarks
