Vinciarelli / Singh / Vyas RADAR

Remote Sensing Data Analysis with Artificial Intelligence
1. Auflage 2025
ISBN: 978-3-11-157320-5
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 258 Seiten

The integration of Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) remote sensing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides a platform for understanding various Earth's surface processes and their predictive analysis. This book offers state-of-the-art techniques and applications to address real-time challenges through AI-based RADAR remote sensing. Furthermore, it explores the potential applications of AI in emerging areas of remote sensing and image processing.

Zielgruppe

Researchers, Academic Libraries, Research Students

Autoren/Hrsg.

Vinciarelli, Alessandro

Singh, Sartajvir

Vyas, Narayan

Ali, Mona Abdelbaset Sadek

Fachgebiete

• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Informatik Künstliche Intelligenz
• Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Signalverarbeitung, Bildverarbeitung, Scanning
• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Informatik Bildsignalverarbeitung
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Nachrichten- und Kommunikationstechnik Radartechnik

Leseproben

Integrating Sentinel-1 satellite data with machine learning for land use classification

Narayan Vyas

ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-0764

Acknowledgments: The author would like to extend their gratitude to the European Space Agency (ESA) for providing the Sentinel-1 satellite data that formed the foundation of this study. The availability of high-quality RADAR data from Sentinel-1 has been instrumental in conducting this research and achieving meaningful results.

Abstract

The availability of radio detection and ranging (RADAR) remote sensing data has changed the Earth observation by allowing information to be obtained independently of the weather and environmental conditions. RADAR-based satellites, such as Sentinel-1 and SCATSAT, are beneficial because they can penetrate clouds and work regardless of whether it is night or day, making them indispensable surface mapping sensors. The European Space Agency’s (ESA) Sentinel-1 satellite is a RADAR-based Earth observation satellite whose dual-polarization (vertical-vertical and vertical-horizontal) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides high temporal resolution with adequate spatial resolution that makes it suitable for monitoring land use and land cover (LULC) changes. The study area in this research is Kota district, situated in the southeastern part of Rajasthan, India, which has a semiarid climate and a mixed area of agriculture, natural vegetation, and waterbodies. Google Earth Engine was used to process and classify Sentinel-1 data collected from February 1, 2024, to February 27, 2024, into several LULC categories, including water, built-up, and land. This study uses random forest, an ensemble machine learning model, for LULC classification. When used to create a land use classification map, it exhibited an overall accuracy of 90.57% and a kappa coefficient of 85.81%, demonstrating near-perfect agreement between the model and actual data.

Keywords: Radio detection and ranging (RADAR), remote sensing, machine learning, Sentinel-1, land use classification,

1 Introduction

The Earth observation aims to observe and analyze the movement of the Earth’s surface to fight against major global issues such as globalization, urbanization, deforestation, climate change, and resources (unmanned aerial vehicles) [1]. High-resolution imagery and ground data captured by satellites, especially with advancements in sensor technology, allow researchers to track land cover changes in real time, providing estimates on agricultural productivity, water resource mapping, and assessments of natural disasters [2]. Satellite remote sensing has been rapidly evolving in the era of modern technologies, having transformed access to even the most remote and inaccessible regions of our planet in detail. This information is crucial for policymakers, scientists, and planners who make decisions on the distribution of resources, environmental protection, and disaster management [3]. The Earth observation data has come a long way since the days of optical imagery, and the last few decades have also seen the advent of radio detection and ranging (RADAR)-based sensing that allows users to look down in virtually all weather and day/night conditions. These tools have enhanced the degree of confidence and precision in data recording, allowing comprehensive analysis of surfaces on the Earth [4]. The Earth observation is also crucial to sustainable development because it enables data analysis at scale when combined with geospatial tools and artificial intelligence (AI) [5].

The advent of remote sensing, primarily through RADAR-based satellites such as Sentinel-1 and SCATSAT, has improved surface classification [6]. Optical sensors depend on sunlight and, thus, can be blocked by clouds or darkness [3]. In contrast, RADAR systems use microwave signals that can penetrate cloud cover and obtain data in almost any weather condition. A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor, such as Sentinel-1, emits signals from space that travel to the Earth’s surface, and the backscatter is then measured to infer surface properties [7]. SAR-based satellites offer advantages in land classification, as they can discern surface roughness and moisture content. For example, VV (vertical-vertical) and VH (vertical-horizontal) polarizations have been commonly utilized for surface classification; VV experiences higher performance in detecting smoother surfaces such as water, while VH displays a higher response for vegetation and built-up areas [8]. With machine learning (ML) algorithms like random forest (RF), SAR data leads to realistic and highly prescribed land cover class discovery [9]. The method is economical and scalable, making it suitable for larger geographical areas. It provides timely information at an appropriate areal scale for making day-to-day agricultural, planning, and conservation decisions. Due to continuous development in RADAR hardware and global data processing solutions, remote sensing is today one of the central pillars of modern geospatial techniques. Table 1 presents several studies on the RADAR dataset for the Earth observation applications.

Table 1:Several studies performed using the RADAR dataset.

Characteristics	Methods used	Objectives	Results	Source

Sentinel-1 uses persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) techniques to monitor ground motion and assess landslide geohazards, while SCATSAT focuses on weather and oceanographic applications, distinguishing their areas of focus

PSI techniques applied to satellite RADAR images

Evaluate landslide geohazards and impacts using PSI data

Identified active deformation areas using PSI data

[10]

Sentinel-1 RADAR satellites can acquire Earth’s surface data under any atmospheric conditions, and the paper highlights the advantages of publicly available data and open-source software for effectively using RADAR satellite imagery

Active RADAR systems for Earth’s surface data acquisition

Explore Sentinel RADAR satellite system capabilities

Discussed the possibility of using the Sentinel RADAR satellite system

[23]

Sentinel-1, an ESA mission, provides SAR data for ocean research, while SCATSAT, an Indian satellite, focuses on ocean wind vector measurements, complementing Sentinel-1’s atmospheric data

SAR-derived surface wind products and validation results

Preliminary studies of Sentinel-1 SAR-derived surface winds

Presented the preliminary studies of SAR-derived surface wind products

[11]

SCATSAT-1, launched by ISRO, is a Ku-band scatterometer satellite used for climate studies and applications like crop yield prediction, while Sentinel-1, part of ESA’s Copernicus program, focuses on RADAR imaging for diverse Earth observation tasks

ML-based classification and information fusion

Summarize SCATSAT-1 products and applications globally

Summarized SCATSAT-1’s impact on various scientific domains

[12]

Sentinel-1 utilizes dual-polarization (VV-VH) data to enhance PSI-based synthetic aperture RADAR (PS-InSAR) analysis, improving ground deformation measurements by increasing the spatial density of measurement points

PS-InSAR method

Evaluate the VH channel’s contribution to PS-InSAR analysis

Obtained 186% increase in PS points using the VH channel

[13]

Sentinel-1, using SAR technology, captures high-resolution images for persistent scatterer interferometry (PS-InSAR) to monitor terrain deformations, as demonstrated in a case study in Foc?ani, Romania

Variation of targets’ intensities along SAR acquisitions

Identify persistent scatterer candidates in Foc?ani, Romania

Two algorithms identified persistent scatterers in...

Über Autor(innen)

Dr. Alessandro Vinciarelli

Dr. Alessandro Vinciarelli is a Full Professor at the University of Glasgow, affiliated with both the School of Computing Science and the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology. As a member of the Social AI group, he collaborates with Tanaya Guha, Mary Ellen Foster, Mathieu Chollet, and Marwa Mahmoud. His primary research interest lies in Social Signal Processing (SSP), focusing on the analysis and synthesis of nonverbal behavior, such as facial expressions, gestures, and vocalizations in human-human and human-machine interactions. His work aims to infer psychological constructs like personality, conflict, and social roles from these cues. Professor [Your Name] currently leads significant projects, including the UKRI Centre for Doctoral Training in Socially Intelligent Artificial Agents (SOCIAL) and the SONICOM project, which explores non-verbal communication in AR/VR environments. Previously, he coordinated the Social Signal Processing Network and has served as the principal investigator for over ten national projects in Switzerland and the UK. Additionally, he is a co-founder of Klewel, a knowledge management company, and acts as a scientific advisor for Substrata.

Dr. Sartajvir Singh

Dr. Sartajvir Singh is working as Associate Director and Professor (University Institute of Engineering) at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India. He is also practising as Regd. Indian Patent Agent (IN/PA 5806). He has more than 10 years of experience in academics, research and administration. Previously, he has worked as Head of Department (Electronics and Communication Engineering) and Assistant Director (Intellectual Property Rights and Consultancy Cell) at Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India. He has been awarded the Teacher Associateship for Research Excellence (TARE) Fellowship and International Travel Support (ITS) by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Govt. of India in the years 2019 and 2021, respectively. His research interests include satellite sensors, remote sensing, and digital image processing. He authored many SCI-indexed articles, and indexed book chapters and holds inventions. He is IEEE Senior Member and active member of various International/National societies such as IEEE Young Professional, IEEE Geosciences and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS), IEEE Sensors Council, European Union of Geosciences (EGU), International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), Indian Society of Remote Sensing (ISRS), Indian Society of Technical Education (ISTE), and Himalayan Geology.

Narayan Vyas

Narayan Vyas is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Application at Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India, where he is actively involved in research and development in computer science. He qualified for the NTA UGC NET & JRF on his first attempt, showcasing his academic excellence. He has extensive knowledge of the Internet of Things and Mobile Application Development and has provided training to students worldwide. He has published numerous articles in reputed, peer-reviewed national and international Scopus-indexed conferences and journals. His research areas include Remote Sensing, the Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Computer Vision. He is an IEEE member and an active member of various international and national societies, such as IEEE Young Professionals, the Indian Society of Remote Sensing (ISRS), the IEEE Geosciences and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS), the IEEE Sensors Council, ACM, and the International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS). He also received the International Distinguished Young Researcher Award from the ASET Journal of Management Science. He has edited over 12 books with various reputable publishers, including Wiley, De Gruyter, Apple Academic Press, and IGI Global.

Dr. Mona Abdelbaset Sadek Ali

Dr. Mona Abdelbaset Sadek Ali is an Associate Professor with a rich background in Computer Science, focusing on the intersections of deep learning, medical diagnosis, and pattern recognition. Throughout her academic career, she has authored over 17 publications in SCI journals and several papers in Scopus-indexed journals, demonstrating her prolific contribution to research. Her work spans a range of applications, from image and video processing technologies, including systems for iris recognition, landmine detection, and video shot segmentation, to innovative projects in mobile computing and social network analysis. Dr. Mona completed her PhD in Computer Science at Cardiff University's School of Computer Science & Informatics, where her research delved into the use of pervasive computing to extract social networks within organizational settings. She earned her MSc and BSc degrees from Cairo University, excelling in projects from video processing to advanced pattern recognition.