Verbeke Alignment and Ergativity in New Indo-Aryan Languages

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-3-11-029267-1
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 51, 331 Seiten

Reihe: Empirical Approaches to Language Typology [EALT]

Zielgruppe

Institutional Libraries, Students and Researchers of Language Typology, Indo-European Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Syntax-Semantics Interface

Autoren/Hrsg.

Verbeke, Saartje

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Historische & Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachtypologie
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Einzelne Sprachen & Sprachfamilien
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Sprachwissenschaften

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgments;9
2;List of Abbreviations;10
3;Introduction;13
4;1 Theoretical preliminaries;20
4.1;1.1 Ergativity from a functional and typological perspective;20
4.1.1;1.1.1 Ergativity: the standard functional-typological definition;21
4.1.2;1.1.2 Core arguments and grammatical relations;25
4.1.2.1;1.1.2.1 The subject issue;26
4.1.2.2;1.1.2.2 Grammatical relations;33
4.1.2.3;1.1.2.3 Case;40
4.1.2.4;1.1.2.4 Verb agreement;44
4.1.3;1.1.3 Alignment splits based on referential hierarchies;46
4.1.3.1;1.1.3.1 Silverstein’s hierarchy;47
4.1.3.2;1.1.3.2 Differential object marking: the markedness discussion;48
4.1.3.3;1.1.3.3 Differential subject marking;51
4.1.4;1.1.4 Tense/Aspect/Mood and head- vs. dependent-marking;53
4.1.4.1;1.1.4.1 Tense/Aspect/Mood split;53
4.1.4.2;1.1.4.2 Case marking and verb agreement;54
4.2;1.2 Direct and indirect motivations of ergativity;56
4.2.1;1.2.1 Ergativity in discourse-functional and cognitive linguistics;58
4.2.1.1;1.2.1.1 Du Bois: “The discourse base of ergativity”;58
4.2.1.2;1.2.1.2 Cognitive accounts;60
4.2.2;1.2.2 Historical motivations;66
4.2.3;1.2.3 Case and transitivity;68
4.2.3.1;1.2.3.1 An alternative view of ergativity;68
4.2.3.2;1.2.3.2 Transitivity: from Sapir to Hopper and Thompson;72
4.3;1.3 Conclusions;75
5;2 Indo-Aryan;77
5.1;2.1 Geographical distribution of the Indo-Aryan languages;77
5.2;2.2 Alignment in Hindi;80
5.3;2.3 Origin of the ergative pattern in Indo-Aryan;87
5.3.1;2.3.1 Historical overview;87
5.3.1.1;2.3.1.1 Old Indo-Aryan;87
5.3.1.2;2.3.1.2 Middle Indo-Aryan;90
5.3.1.3;2.3.1.3 New Indo-Aryan: Early Hindi;92
5.3.2;2.3.2 Passive reanalysis;92
5.3.3;2.3.3 Ergative remains ergative?;95
5.4;2.4 Some key concepts of the Indo-Aryan languages;101
5.4.1;2.4.1 Masica’s layer system;101
5.4.2;2.4.2 The verb system in Indo-Aryan;103
5.4.2.1;2.4.2.1 The participial base of the verb system in Indo-Aryan;103
5.4.2.2;2.4.2.2 Light verbs and lexical compound predicates;104
5.4.2.3;2.4.2.3 Perfect, perfective, and past;106
5.4.2.4;2.4.2.4 Passives;108
5.4.2.5;2.4.2.5 Causatives;109
5.4.3;2.4.3 Experiencer constructions;110
5.4.4;2.4.4 Unergatives;120
6;3 Eastern Indo-Aryan: Asamiya;123
6.1;3.1 Asamiya: description;125
6.1.1;3.1.1 Case marking in Asamiya;125
6.1.2;3.1.2 Case marking of the subject;127
6.1.3;3.1.3 Differential object marking and the dual marking of IO;131
6.1.3.1;3.1.3.1 O-marking;131
6.1.3.2;3.1.3.2 Dual marking of IO;133
6.1.3.3;3.1.3.3 Experiencer constructions;136
6.1.4;3.1.4 Verb agreement in Asamiya;138
6.2;3.2 The transitive verb;139
6.2.1;3.2.1 The transitive verb in Eastern Indo-Aryan;140
6.2.1.1;3.2.1.1 The transitive verb in the Bihari languages;143
6.2.1.2;3.2.1.2 Honorific agreement in Maithili;146
6.2.1.3;3.2.1.3 Honorific agreement in Magahi;149
6.2.2;3.2.2 The transitive verb in an Eastern Hindi variety;151
6.3;3.3 Ergative marking in Eastern Indo-Aryan;154
6.4;3.4 Conclusion;156
7;4 Northern Indo-Aryan: Nepali;158
7.1;4.1 Nepali: description;159
7.1.1;4.1.1 Case marking in Nepali;159
7.1.2;4.1.2 Case marking of the core arguments;160
7.1.3;4.1.3 Verb agreement in Nepali;164
7.2;4.2 Reanalysis and extension of the postposition le;168
7.2.1;4.2.1 Previous accounts;171
7.2.1.1;4.2.1.1 Focalization;171
7.2.1.2;4.2.1.2 Syntactic restrictions;173
7.2.1.3;4.2.1.3 Disambiguation hypothesis;173
7.2.1.4;4.2.1.4 Stage- vs. individual-level predicates;175
7.2.2;4.2.2 Perfective aspect expressed by le;177
7.3;4.3 Language contact;182
7.4;4.4 Conclusion: alignment in Nepali;185
8;5 Western Indo-Aryan: Kashmiri;187
8.1;5.1 Kashmiri: description;188
8.1.1;5.1.1 Case marking in Kashmiri;188
8.1.2;5.1.2 Verb agreement in Kashmiri;192
8.1.2.1;5.1.2.1 The verb system;192
8.1.2.2;5.1.2.2 Imperfective constructions;194
8.1.2.3;5.1.2.3 Ergative case marking in the perfective;197
8.2;5.2 Pronominal suffixes in Western Indo-Aryan;200
8.2.1;5.2.1 Bound pronouns or agreement markers?;200
8.2.2;5.2.2 Pronominal suffixes in Kashmiri;203
8.2.3;5.2.3 Pronominal suffixes in Poguli;211
8.2.4;5.2.4 Pronominal suffixes in Sindhi;213
8.2.5;5.2.5 Pronominal suffixes in Siraiki;216
8.3;5.3 Second person importance: hierarchical relations and Marathi;218
8.4;5.4 Conclusion;220
9;6 Central Indo-Aryan: Rajasthani;224
9.1;6.1 Description of Marwari;225
9.1.1;6.1.1 Case marking;225
9.1.2;6.1.2 Verb system and agreement in Marwari;226
9.2;6.2 Differential marking;230
9.2.1;6.2.1 Marwari subject marking: a historical perspective;230
9.2.2;6.2.2 Differential marking in Harauti;235
9.2.3;6.2.3 Object marking in Marwari and Gujarati;242
9.2.4;6.2.4 The marking of subjects and experiencers in Gujarati and Punjabi;246
9.2.5;6.2.5 Differential marking: summary;251
9.3;6.3 Central Indo-Aryan and Hindi: variation on a micro-scale;252
9.3.1;6.3.1 Hindi and Braj: O-marking and agreement;252
9.3.2;6.3.2 Bundeli and Bagheli;256
9.3.3;6.3.3 Varieties of Hindi: conclusion;258
9.4;6.4 Central Indo-Aryan: Conclusion;258
10;7 Conclusion;260
10.1;7.1 The definition of ergativity: summary;260
10.2;7.2 Splits;263
10.2.1;7.2.1 The influence of referential hierarchies;264
10.2.1.1;7.2.1.1 Referentiality of O;264
10.2.1.2;7.2.1.2 Referentiality of A;266
10.2.2;7.2.2 Tense/Aspect/Mood splits;268
10.2.3;7.2.3 Classifying the Indo-Aryan languages;271
10.2.4;7.2.4 Case marking versus verb agreement;272
10.3;7.3 Core arguments and grammatical relations;273
10.4;7.4 The motivation of the ergative pattern in Indo-Aryan;275
10.5;7.5 Final observations;278
11;8 Appendix;280
11.1;8.1 Appendix 1;280
11.2;8.2 Appendix 2;286
12;9 References;308
13;Index of subjects;328
14;Index of languages;332

Über Autor(innen)

Saartje Verbeke, Ghent University, Belgium.