Truell / Elbaum / Chick Ultrasonic Methods in Solid State Physics

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7599-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 478 Seiten, Web PDF

Ultrasonic Methods in Solid State Physics is devoted to studies of energy loss and velocity of ultrasonic waves which have a bearing on present-day problems in solid-state physics. The discussion is particularly concerned with the type of investigation that can be carried out in the megacycle range of frequencies from a few megacycles to kilomegacycles; it deals almost entirely with short-duration pulse methods rather than with standing-wave methods. The book opens with a chapter on a classical treatment of wave propagation in solids. This is followed by separate chapters on methods and techniques of ultrasonic pulse echo measurements, and the physics of ultrasonically measurable properties of solids. It is hoped that this book will provide the reader with the special background necessary to read critically the many research papers and special articles concerned with the use of ultrasonic methods in solid state physics. The book is intended to help the person beginning work in this field. At the same time, it will also be useful to those actively involved in such work. An attempt has been made to provide a fairly general and unified treatment suitable for graduate students and others without extensive experience.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Truell, Rohn

Elbaum, Charles

Chick, Bruce B.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Ultrasonic Methods in Solid State Physics;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;Preface;8
6;Introduction;14
7;Chapter 1. Propagation of Stress Waves in Solids;16
7.1;1. Introduction;16
7.2;2. Stress, Strain, and Displacement Relations;16
7.3;3. Equations of Motion and Solutions;23
7.4;4. Propagation Directions and Velocities;26
7.5;5. Energy and Energy Flux;32
7.6;6. Scattering Relations;34
7.7;7. Orientation Dependence of Stress Waves in Single Crystals;36
7.8;8. Explicit Expressions for Fractional Velocity Change as Function of Misorientation for Several Crystal Systems;43
7.9;9. Some Numerical Results for Misorientation Effects in Cubic Crystals;46
7.10;10. Energy Flux Associated with Stress Waves;49
7.11;11. Stress Waves in Piezoelectric Crystals;53
7.12;12. Nonlinear or Anharmonic Effects;56
8;Chapter 2. Measurement of Attenuation and Velocity by Pulse Methods;68
8.1;13. The Pulse Echo Method;68
8.2;14. Definitions of the Attenuation a, of the Decrement d, and of the Dissipation Q;70
8.3;15. Methods of Measuring Attenuation;77
8.4;16. Coupling with Two Transducers (through Transmission);85
8.5;17. Coupling Losses;89
8.6;18. Velocity Measurements;92
8.7;19. Systems for Velocity Measurements;93
8.8;20. Measurement Losses;102
8.9;21. Diffraction Losses;104
8.10;22. Nonparallelism and Wedging Effects;122
8.11;23. Effects of Wedging of Elastic Properties;136
8.12;24. The Spectrum Analyzer and Its Uses;139
8.13;25. Specific Application of the Spectrum Analyzer: Factors Affecting the Spectrum;142
8.14;26. Attenuation Equipment Considerations;149
8.15;27. Velocity Equipment Considerations;159
8.16;28. Microwave Ultrasonic Equipment;166
9;Chapter 3. Causes of Losses and Associated Velocity Changes;174
9.1;29. Introduction to Loss Interactions;174
9.2;30. Statement of the Problem;176
9.3;31. Scattering Cross Section and Attenuation;177
9.4;32. Calculation of Scattering Cross Sections;177
9.5;33. Numerical Calculations of Scattering Cross Sections;190
9.6;34. Multiple Scattering and Scattering Density;191
9.7;35. Physical Description of the Effect;195
9.8;36. Phenomenological Analysis;195
9.9;37. Attenuation and Velocity Changes Due to the Thermoelastic Effect;198
9.10;38. Calculations for Cubic and Hexagonal Crystals;201
9.11;39. Description of the Model for Dislocation Damping;205
9.12;40. Equations of Motion and Solutions;207
9.13;41. Attenuation and Velocity;209
9.14;42. Distribution of Dislocation Loop Lengths;216
9.15;43. Strain Amplitude Effects;218
9.16;44. Thermal Effects in Dislocation Damping;219
9.17;45. Anomalous Ultrasonic Velocity Effects Associated with Dislocation Behavior;225
9.18;46. The Generation of Harmonics in Crystalline Solids Due to Dislocations;233
9.19;47. Some Selected Experimental Results;245
9.20;48. Bordoni Peaks;265
9.21;49. The Kink Model of Dislocation Damping;273
9.22;50. Stress Wave Interaction with Magnetic Domain Walls: Experimental Results;278
9.23;51. Outline of an Analytical Approach to Domain Wall Motion;281
9.24;52. Interaction of Spin Waves and Ultrasonic Waves in Ferromagnetic Crystals;282
9.25;53. Experimental Observations concerning Spin Waves and Ultrasonic Waves;291
9.26;54. Conditions for Interaction;294
9.27;55. More Complete Classical Interpretation;299
9.28;56. Quantum-Mechanical Interpretation;305
9.29;57. Influence of Magnetic Field;309
9.30;58. Application to Fermi Surface Study;310
9.31;59. Application to Superconductivity Study;318
9.32;60. Description of the Problem;322
9.33;61. Experimental Situation;325
9.34;62. Theoretical Situation and Calculation of Attenuation;329
9.35;63. Preliminary Remarks;343
9.36;64. Conditions for Interaction;344
9.37;65. The Ultrasonic Attenuation Coefficient;347
9.38;66. Coupling through the Dynamic Electric Quadrupole Moment;348
9.39;67. Stress Waves and Electron Spin Level Transitions;351
9.40;68. Wave Propagation in Piezoelectric Semiconductors;356
9.41;69. Light-Sensitive Ultrasonic Attenuation in CdS;359
9.42;70. Ultrasonic Amplification in CdS;360
9.43;71. General Description;362
10;APPENDIX A: Elastic Constants of Trigonal Crystals (Al2O3);366
11;APPENDIX B: Fractional Velocity Changes and Eigenvectors Associated with Section 8;372
12;APPENDIX C: Sample Preparation, Transducer and Bond Considerations;380
13;APPENDIX D: Some Useful Physical Constants for Various Crystalline Solids;384
14;APPENDIX E: Automatic Attenuation Measurement System;395
15;APPENDIX F: Automatic Time Measurement System;398
16;APPENDIX G: Evaluation of Coefficients in Scattering Cross Section for Transverse Waves;402
17;APPENDIX H: Numerical Computation of Normalized Cross Sections .N;406
18;APPENDIX I: Method of the Boltzmann Transport Equation;421
19;APPENDIX J: Quantum-Mechanical Treatment of Attenuation by the Three Phonon Process;428
20;References;442
21;Author Index;458
22;Subject Index;465