Thakur / Kessler Liquid Crystalline Polymers

Volume 2--Processing and Applications
1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-3-319-20270-9
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 536 Seiten

This book introduces various applications of liquid crystalline polymers as the emerging new class of high performance novel materials. The authors detail the advantageous properties of these LCs including optical anisotropic, transparency and easy control over structure. This interdisciplinary work includes valuable input from international projects with special focus on the use of liquid crystalline polymers and/or nanocomposites.

Drs. Vijay Kumar Thakur and Michael R. Kessler are both at the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Thakur, Vijay Kumar

Kessler, Michael R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;About the Editors;12
4;Chapter 1: Liquid Crystals Order in Polymeric Microchannels;14
4.1;1.1 Introduction;14
4.2;1.2 Surface Anchoring;15
4.3;1.3 Rubbing;17
4.4;1.4 Evaporation of SiOx;18
4.5;1.5 Photoalignment;18
4.6;1.6 POLICRYPS Composite Structures;19
4.7;1.7 POLICRYPS Realization;20
4.8;1.8 Universal Soft-Matter Template;23
4.9;1.9 Conclusion;25
4.10;References;26
5;Chapter 2: Novel Liquid Crystal Polymers with Tailored Chemical Structure for High Barrier, Mechanical and Tribological Perfor...;28
5.1;2.1 High Performance Liquid Crystal Polymer (HP-LCP);28
5.1.1;2.1.1 Introduction;28
5.1.2;2.1.2 Synthesis of High Performance Liquid Crystal Polymer;31
5.1.3;2.1.3 Properties of HP-LCP;32
5.1.3.1;2.1.3.1 Thermal Analysis of HP-LCP;32
5.1.3.2;2.1.3.2 Melt Viscosity of HP-LCP;33
5.1.3.3;2.1.3.3 Melt Tension of HP-LCP;34
5.1.3.4;2.1.3.4 Physical Properties of HP-LCP;34
5.1.3.5;2.1.3.5 Hydrolysis Resistance of HP-LCP;36
5.2;2.2 Soluble LCP (sLCP);37
5.2.1;2.2.1 Introduction;37
5.2.2;2.2.2 Film Preparation and Molecular Orientation of Soluble Liquid Crystal Polymer;38
5.3;2.3 Applications and Potential Applications;39
5.3.1;2.3.1 Film Applications of HP-LCP and sLCP;39
5.3.2;2.3.2 Microcellular Foam Injection Molding of HP-LCP;41
5.3.3;2.3.3 Filler Reinforced HP-LCP Composite for Injection Molding;41
5.3.4;2.3.4 Tribological Application of HP-LCP Composites;42
5.3.5;2.3.5 Substrates of sLCP for Electronic Devices;46
5.3.6;2.3.6 Coatings of sLCP for Tribological Application;46
5.4;2.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives;49
5.5;References;50
6;Chapter 3: Selected Mechanical Properties of Uniaxial Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Elastomers;53
6.1;3.1 Introduction and Historical Overview;53
6.2;3.2 Piezoelectric Rheometer;56
6.3;3.3 Materials: Preparation and Characterization;56
6.4;3.4 Theoretical Overview;59
6.4.1;3.4.1 Mechanical Properties Predicted by the Conventional Linear Theory;59
6.4.2;3.4.2 Soft and Semi-soft Elasticity Concept;59
6.4.3;3.4.3 Stress Associated with the Reorientation Transition Induced by a Strain lambda Applied in a Direction Perpendicular to t...;60
6.4.4;3.4.4 Models Describing the Behavior of the Shear Modulus for the Reorientation Transition Induced by a Strain lambda Applied...;62
6.4.5;3.4.5 Behavior of the Stress-Strain Relationship and of the Effective Shear Modulus Predicted by the Bifurcation-Type Model fo...;63
6.5;3.5 Behavior of the Shear Moduli of the Dry and Swollen NEs for the Planar and the Homeotropic Geometries;64
6.5.1;3.5.1 Shear Mechanical Experiments Performed on Dry NEs;64
6.5.2;3.5.2 Shear Mechanical Experiments Performed on NEs Swollen by a Nematic Solvent;67
6.5.2.1;3.5.2.1 Influence of Swelling on the Mechanical Properties of NEs Prepared by the Two-Step Cross-linking Process;68
6.5.2.2;3.5.2.2 Influence of Swelling on the Mechanical Properties of NEs Prepared by Photo Cross-linking a NP Oriented Either by an E...;69
6.5.3;3.5.3 Consequence of the Gaussian or Non-Gaussian Character of the Elasticity on the Stress-Strain Curve Associated with the R...;70
6.5.3.1;3.5.3.1 Analysis of the Stress-Strain Curves Associated with NEs Prepared by Photo Cross-Linking a NP Oriented by an E-field o...;71
6.5.3.2;3.5.3.2 Analysis of the Stress Strain Curves Associated with NEs prepared by the Two-Step Cross-Linking Process and Oriented b...;72
6.5.4;3.5.4 Shear Mechanical Experiments Performed on a NE Mechanically Stretched in a Direction Perpendicular to the Initial Orient...;74
6.6;3.6 Conclusions and Future Perspective;76
6.7;References;78
7;Chapter 4: Recent Advances in the Rheology of Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymers;81
7.1;4.1 Introduction;81
7.1.1;4.1.1 Liquid Crystal Polymer;81
7.1.2;4.1.2 Types of LCPs and Fillers;82
7.1.3;4.1.3 Phases and Order Parameter in LCP;82
7.1.4;4.1.4 Morphology and Orientation in LCPs;83
7.1.5;4.1.5 Phase Transition in LCPs;83
7.2;4.2 Fundamentals of Rheology;85
7.2.1;4.2.1 Steady Shear Measurements;86
7.2.2;4.2.2 Dynamic Shear Measurement;87
7.2.3;4.2.3 Extensional Rheological Measurement;88
7.2.4;4.2.4 Orientation of Fillers and LCPs with Shear;88
7.2.5;4.2.5 Thermo-rheological Behaviour of TLCPs;89
7.2.6;4.2.6 Anomalous Rheological Behaviour of TLCPs;90
7.2.7;4.2.7 Rheological Models of LCPs;90
7.3;4.3 Materials;91
7.4;4.4 Shear Rheology for Filled and Unfilled LCPs;92
7.4.1;4.4.1 Relaxation Time and Zero Shear Viscosity;94
7.4.2;4.4.2 First Normal Stress Difference;96
7.4.3;4.4.3 Molecular Weight Distribution (MWD) in TLCPs;98
7.4.4;4.4.4 Dynamic Shear Rheology;100
7.4.5;4.4.5 Shear Induced Crystallization;103
7.4.6;4.4.6 Extensional Rheology of TLCPs;104
7.4.7;4.4.7 Leonov´s Model for TLCPs;105
7.5;4.5 Concluding Remarks;109
7.6;References;110
8;Chapter 5: Liquid Crystalline Polymer and Its Composites: Chemistry and Recent Advances;115
8.1;5.1 Introduction;115
8.1.1;5.1.1 Structure and Architecture of Liquid Crystal Polymers;119
8.1.2;5.1.2 Properties of Liquid Crystalline Polymers;123
8.1.3;5.1.3 Liquid Crystalline Polymer Blends;124
8.2;5.2 Rheology of Liquid Crystal Polymers and Its Blends;125
8.3;5.3 Morphology of Liquid Crystalline Polymer in Blends;126
8.4;5.4 Processing Conditions for Liquid Crystalline Polymers;128
8.5;5.5 Processing of Liquid Crystal Polymer Blends;130
8.6;5.6 Compatibility of Liquid Crystalline Polymer Blends;131
8.7;5.7 Factors for Liquid Crystalline Polymer Fibrillation in Blends;132
8.8;5.8 Effect of Fillers on Liquid Crystal Polymers;133
8.8.1;5.8.1 Nanofillers;134
8.8.2;5.8.2 Effect of Nanofiller;135
8.8.3;5.8.3 Interaction of Nanosilica with Liquid Crystalline Polymer;137
8.8.4;5.8.4 Nanofiller Reinforcement;138
8.8.5;5.8.5 Other Types of Nanofillers;138
8.9;5.9 In-Situ Reinforcement of Liquid Crystalline Polymers;139
8.10;5.10 Conclusion;140
8.11;References;140
9;Chapter 6: Effect of Polymer Network in Polymer Dispersed Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (PSFLC);144
9.1;6.1 Introduction;144
9.2;6.2 Free Volume Model and Free Energy of the System;145
9.3;6.3 Rotational Viscosity;151
9.4;6.4 Polarization Profile and Dielectric Constant;154
9.5;6.5 Origin of Memory States and Cross-link Modeling;158
9.6;6.6 Construction of Free Energy and Tilt Angle Variation;160
9.7;6.7 Multistability and Resolution of Memory States and Rotational Viscosity;167
9.8;6.8 Cross-link Conformations and Polarization Profile;170
9.9;6.9 Concluding Remarks;173
9.10;References;174
10;Chapter 7: Electro-optic and Dielectric Responses in PDLC Composite Systems;179
10.1;7.1 Introduction;179
10.2;7.2 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC);180
10.2.1;7.2.1 Methods of Preparation of PDLC Films;181
10.2.1.1;7.2.1.1 Solvent-Induced Phase Separation (SIPS);182
10.2.1.2;7.2.1.2 Polymerization Induced Phase Separation (PIPS);182
10.2.1.3;7.2.1.3 Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS);183
10.3;7.3 LC Solubility in Polymer Matrix;183
10.4;7.4 Droplet Morphology;184
10.4.1;7.4.1 Theoretical Aspects of Droplet Configurations;184
10.4.2;7.4.2 In-Situ Measurement of Droplet Morphology;186
10.4.3;7.4.3 Morphological Evolution of PDLC Composite Films;186
10.4.4;7.4.4 Morphological Evolution of Dye Doped PDLC Composite Films;188
10.5;7.5 Electro-optical (EO) Properties;190
10.6;7.6 Hysteresis Effect;196
10.7;7.7 Dielectric Properties;198
10.8;7.8 Conclusion and Future Perspective;200
10.9;References;201
11;Chapter 8: UV-Cured Networks Containing Liquid Crystalline Phases: State of the Art and Perspectives;206
11.1;8.1 Photocrosslinkable Liquid-Crystalline Polymers;206
11.2;8.2 Synthesis of Photocrosslinkable LC Polymers;211
11.3;8.3 Effect of the LC Structure on the Photopolymerization Reaction, Morphology and Final Properties of the Obtained UV-Cured N...;215
11.4;8.4 Recent Applications of UV-Cured Networks Containing Liquid Crystalline Phases;221
11.5;8.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective;225
11.6;References;226
12;Chapter 9: Liquid Crystal Diffraction Gratings Using Photocrosslinkable Liquid Crystalline Polymer Films as Alignment Layers;229
12.1;9.1 Introduction;229
12.2;9.2 Two-Step Exposure Method Using a Photomask;232
12.3;9.3 Polarization Holographic Recording;236
12.3.1;9.3.1 One-Dimensional Grating;236
12.3.2;9.3.2 Two-Dimensional Grating;239
12.4;9.4 One-Step Polarizer-Rotation Exposure Method;241
12.5;9.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective;244
12.6;References;245
13;Chapter 10: Liquid Crystalline Polymer Blends as Fillers for Self-Reinforcing Polymer Composites;249
13.1;10.1 Introduction;249
13.2;10.2 Liquid Crystalline Polymer as Self-Reinforcing Fillers for Polymeric Materials;250
13.3;10.3 Properties of LCP-Based Self-Reinforced Polymer Composites;251
13.3.1;10.3.1 Mechanical Properties;251
13.3.2;10.3.2 Rheological Properties;254
13.4;10.4 Experimental Procedures for Preparation of TP/LCP Self-Reinforced Composites;258
13.4.1;10.4.1 Materials;258
13.4.2;10.4.2 Batch Mixing of PET/LCP Blends;259
13.4.3;10.4.3 Injection Molding Procedure to Produce PET/LCP Self-Reinforced Composite;259
13.4.4;10.4.4 Self-Reinforced Composite from Liquid Crystalline Oligomers via Reactive Extrusion Process;260
13.4.5;10.4.5 Mechanical Property Measurement;260
13.5;10.5 Morphology Analysis of Self-Reinforced Composites;260
13.5.1;10.5.1 Sample Preparation for Morphology Examination;261
13.5.2;10.5.2 Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Morphology;261
13.5.2.1;10.5.2.1 Effects of Mixing Shear Rates on Morphology;261
13.5.2.2;10.5.2.2 Tensile Modulus Dependence of Mixing Speed;262
13.5.3;10.5.3 Morphological Development During Injection Molding of PET/LCP Blends;263
13.5.3.1;10.5.3.1 Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded PET/LCP Blends;264
13.6;10.6 Micromechanics Model for Self-Reinforcing Composites;264
13.7;10.7 Conclusions and Future Perspective;269
13.8;References;270
14;Chapter 11: Optical Fredericks Transition in a Nematic Liquid Crystal Layer;273
14.1;11.1 Introduction and Overview;273
14.2;11.2 The Classical Fredericks Transitions in a Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell;277
14.2.1;11.2.1 Twist Geometry and Single-Constant Assumption;280
14.2.2;11.2.2 Bend and Splay Geometries;288
14.2.3;11.2.3 Extension to Electric Fields;290
14.3;11.3 Optical Fredericks Transition with Coupled Orientation and Electromagnetic Fields;290
14.3.1;11.3.1 Maxwell Equations;291
14.3.2;11.3.2 Free Energy Minimization;294
14.3.3;11.3.3 Boundary Conditions and Intensity;296
14.4;11.4 Numerical Method and Results;299
14.5;11.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective;301
14.6;References;302
15;Chapter 12: New Liquid Crystalline Poly(azomethine esters) Derived from PET Waste Bottles;304
15.1;12.1 Liquid Crystal;304
15.2;12.2 Liquid Crystal Polyesters;305
15.3;12.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET);306
15.4;12.4 Liquid Crystal Poly(azomethine esters);307
15.5;12.5 Materials and Methods;309
15.5.1;12.5.1 Materials;309
15.5.2;12.5.2 Instrumentation;309
15.6;12.6 Monomer Synthesis;309
15.6.1;12.6.1 Synthesis of Azomethine Bisphenol 1 (a);309
15.6.2;12.6.2 Synthesis of Azomethine Bisphenol 1 (b);310
15.6.3;12.6.3 Synthesis of Azomethine Bisphenol 1 (c);310
15.6.4;12.6.4 Synthesis of Azomethine Bisphenol 1 (d);310
15.6.5;12.6.5 Regeneration of Terephthalic Acid (TPA) from PET Waste Bottles;310
15.7;12.7 Preparation of LC Poly(azomethine esters) 3 (a-d);311
15.8;12.8 Results and Discussion;311
15.8.1;12.8.1 Thermotropic LC Properties of the Polymers 3 (a-d);315
15.9;12.9 Conclusion;319
15.10;References;319
16;Chapter 13: Liquid Crystalline Polymer Composites for Optoelectronics;321
16.1;13.1 Structural Diversity in Liquid Crystalline Polymer;322
16.2;13.2 Liquid Crystalline Polymer Based Blends;325
16.3;13.3 Liquid Crystalline Polymer in Micro and Opto-Electronics;330
16.4;13.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymer Nanocomposite for Organic Nanophotonics;332
16.5;13.5 Self Assembled Liquid Crystalline Polymer Nanocomposite;333
16.6;13.6 Inorganic Organic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystalline Nanocomposite;336
16.7;13.7 International Trends/Recent Advance in Liquid Crystalline Polymer Composite;337
16.8;13.8 Conclusion;338
16.9;References;340
17;Chapter 14: Functional Materials from Liquid Crystalline Cellulose Derivatives: Synthetic Routes, Characterization and Applica...;345
17.1;14.1 Introduction;345
17.1.1;14.1.1 Cellulose: Chemical Versatility;345
17.1.2;14.1.2 Cellulose Liquid Crystal;347
17.2;14.2 Synthesis of Liquid Crystalline Esters Derivatives of Hydroxypropylcellulose;350
17.2.1;14.2.1 Hydroxypropylcellulose;350
17.2.2;14.2.2 Thermotropic Esters HPC-Derivatives;351
17.3;14.3 Characterization of HPC and Its Ester Derivatives;356
17.3.1;14.3.1 Thermotropic HPC: Structure, Thermal and Optical Properties;357
17.3.2;14.3.2 Effect of the Side-Chain Length on the Structure;357
17.3.3;14.3.3 Thermal Properties of Esters of HPC;359
17.3.3.1;14.3.3.1 Effect of Substituent Length;359
17.3.3.2;14.3.3.2 Effect of Degree of Esterification;361
17.3.4;14.3.4 Optical Properties: Temperature Dependence of the Pitch;361
17.3.4.1;14.3.4.1 Effect of Substituent Length;362
17.3.4.2;14.3.4.2 Effect of Degree of Esterification;364
17.3.4.3;14.3.4.3 Effect of Degree of Polymerization (DP): Effect of Molecular Weight;364
17.4;14.4 Recent Advances in Applications of Liquid Crystalline HPC and Its Esters Derivatives;365
17.5;14.5 Conclusions;369
17.6;References;370
18;Chapter 15: Liquid Crystal Polymers as Matrices for Arrangement of Inorganic Nanoparticles;375
18.1;15.1 Introduction;375
18.2;15.2 Phase Separation in Composites of NPs Embedded in LC Systems;377
18.3;15.3 Structure of LC Polymer: NPs Composites;378
18.3.1;15.3.1 Smectic Matrices/QDs;378
18.3.2;15.3.2 Smectic Matrix/Nanorods (NRs);381
18.3.3;15.3.3 Nematic and Cholesteric Matrices;382
18.4;15.4 Photoluminescence of Nanocomposites;383
18.5;15.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective;388
18.6;References;389
19;Chapter 16: Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers: Advances and Applications;394
19.1;16.1 Liquid Crystals (LCs);394
19.2;16.2 Historical Background of Liquid Crystals;395
19.3;16.3 Classification of Liquid Crystals;395
19.3.1;16.3.1 Lyotropic Liquid Crystals;396
19.3.2;16.3.2 Thermotropic Liquid Crystals;396
19.4;16.4 Shape of Molecules and Their Mesophases;396
19.4.1;16.4.1 Conventional Shaped Liquid Crystal;396
19.4.1.1;16.4.1.1 Calamitic Liquid Crystals;396
19.4.1.2;16.4.1.2 Discotic Liquid Crystals;397
19.4.1.2.1;Nematic Discotic Phase;398
19.4.1.2.2;Columnar Phase;399
19.4.2;16.4.2 Non-conventional Shaped Liquid Crystals;399
19.4.2.1;16.4.2.1 Banana-Shaped Mesogens;399
19.5;16.5 Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCPs);401
19.5.1;16.5.1 Main Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers;403
19.5.2;16.5.2 Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers;403
19.6;16.6 Bent-Core Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers (BCLCPs);408
19.7;16.7 Mesogenic-Jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers (MJLCPs);410
19.8;16.8 Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs);412
19.9;16.9 Conclusion and Future Perspective;413
19.10;References;413
20;Chapter 17: Liquid Crystalline Semiconducting Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistor Materials;421
20.1;17.1 Introduction;421
20.2;17.2 Fundamentals of Organic Field Effect Transistors;423
20.3;17.3 LC Materials for Organic Field-Effect Transistors;425
20.3.1;17.3.1 Small Molecule LC Materials for OFET Materials;425
20.3.2;17.3.2 Liquid Crystalline Polymers for OFET Materials;427
20.3.2.1;17.3.2.1 Fluorene Based LC Polymers for OFET Materials;427
20.3.2.2;17.3.2.2 Thiophene Based Liquid Crystal Polymers for OFET Materials;430
20.3.2.3;17.3.2.3 Thiazole Based LC Polymer as OFET Materials;435
20.4;17.4 Summary;437
20.5;References;437
21;Chapter 18: Azobenzene-Containing Liquid Single Crystal Elastomers for Photoresponsive Artificial Muscles;441
21.1;18.1 What Are Liquid Crystals?;441
21.2;18.2 Azobenzenes: Excellent Light-Sensitive Molecules for Photoactuation in Liquid-Crystalline Materials;442
21.3;18.3 Artificial Muscle-Like Actuators with Polysiloxane-Based Liquid Single Crystal Elastomers: Thermo- and Photo-Mechanical E...;444
21.4;18.4 Mechanical Efficiency of Polysiloxane Azobenzene-Based Artificial Muscle-Like Actuators;448
21.4.1;18.4.1 Opto-Mechanical Efficiency of Azobenzene-Containing Main-Chain LSCEs;449
21.4.2;18.4.2 Mechanical Efficiency of Side-Chain LSCEs Where the Azo Photochromes Act as Photoactive Cross-Linking Points;450
21.4.3;18.4.3 Mechanical Efficiency in Side-Chain LSCEs Where the Azo Moieties Operate as Photoactive Pendant Groups;453
21.5;18.5 Response Time of Polysiloxane Azobenzene-Based Artificial Muscle-Like Actuators;454
21.5.1;18.5.1 Photoactive Artificial Muscle-Like Actuators Based on Push-Pull Azoderivatives;455
21.5.2;18.5.2 Photoactive Artificial Muscle-Like Actuators Based on Azophenolic Dyes;457
21.6;18.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives;459
21.7;References;460
22;Chapter 19: Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Resin Based Nanocomposite;462
22.1;19.1 Chemical and Physical Properties of LCERs;463
22.1.1;19.1.1 Effect of Substituent and Spacer on TLC of LCER;474
22.1.2;19.1.2 Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cured LCERs;476
22.1.3;19.1.3 Permeability of Cured LCER;478
22.2;19.2 Processing of Nanocomposite;478
22.2.1;19.2.1 Nanofiller;479
22.2.2;19.2.2 Processing;479
22.3;19.3 Applications and Properties of Nanocomposites;481
22.3.1;19.3.1 Encapsulation Materials for Electrical and Electronic Applications;481
22.3.2;19.3.2 Light Weight Structure Material;482
22.3.3;19.3.3 LCER as Biomaterials for Medical Application;482
22.4;19.4 Conclusions and Future Perspective;484
22.5;References;486
23;Chapter 20: Synthesis of Functional Liquid Crystalline Polymers for Exfoliated Clay Nanocomposites;491
23.1;20.1 Introduction;491
23.2;20.2 Fundamental Mechanism for the Exfoliation of Nanoclays in Functional Liquid Crystalline Polymers;493
23.2.1;20.2.1 Rationale of Molecular Design for Functional Liquid Crystalline Polymers;493
23.2.2;20.2.2 Hydrogen Bonding Induced Exfoliation of Nanoclays in Functional Liquid Crystalline Polymers;494
23.2.3;20.2.3 Coulombic Interactions Induced Exfoliation of Nanoclays in Liquid Crystalline Polymers;501
23.3;20.3 Rheological Behaviors of Exfoliated Functional Liquid Crystalline Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites;504
23.4;20.4 Conclusions and Perspectives;508
23.5;References;509
24;Chapter 21: Liquid Crystalline Polymers as Tools for the Formation of Nanohybrids;512
24.1;21.1 Introduction;512
24.2;21.2 Stabilization of Preformed Nanoparticles;513
24.2.1;21.2.1 Hybrid Liquid Crystalline Polymers;514
24.2.2;21.2.2 Hybrid Liquid Crystalline Polymers and Elastomers for Soft Actuation;517
24.3;21.3 In Situ Synthesis of Nanoparticles;523
24.3.1;21.3.1 Solvent Mediated In Situ Formation of Nanoparticles/Liquid Crystal Hybrids;524
24.3.2;21.3.2 Solvent-Free In Situ Formation of Nanoparticles/Liquid Crystal Hybrids;524
24.3.3;21.3.3 Effect of LC Organization on Nanoparticles Growth;526
24.4;21.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives;530
24.5;References;531
25;ERRATUM;533
26;Index;534