Buch, Englisch, 433 Seiten, Format (B × H): 175 mm x 251 mm, Gewicht: 748 g
A Step-By-Step Guide to Analyzing and Interpreting Data
Buch, Englisch, 433 Seiten, Format (B × H): 175 mm x 251 mm, Gewicht: 748 g
ISBN: 978-1-4625-4540-7
Verlag: Guilford Publications
Roping the reader in with humor and real-world case examples presented as mysteries to be solved, this engaging text has been updated with new cases, the latest version of SPSS, and new coverage of multivariate analysis of variance. Steven R. Terrell prepares students and practitioners to become informed consumers of statistics so that they can make decisions based on data, and understand decisions others have made. He identifies six simple steps and guides readers to master them--from identifying a researchable problem to stating a hypothesis; identifying independent and dependent variables; and selecting, computing, and interpreting appropriate statistical tests. All techniques are demonstrated both manually and with the help of SPSS software.
New to This Edition
*All software instructions and examples are updated to SPSS Version 25.
*Expanded chapter on the analysis of variance (ANOVA)--now covers multivariate ANOVA.
*New and revised examples and quiz items pertaining to a broader range of fields, such as business, information systems, and medical sciences, along with education and psychology.
Pedagogical Features
*Examples of SPSS screenshots used for analyzing data.
*User-friendly cautionary notes, "Putting it All Together" recaps, and alerts, such as "notice the effect size" or "check the direction of the mean scores."
*End-of-chapter "Quiz Time" exercises that guide students to answer intriguing questions like whether working from home increases productivity, or whether age affects how long it takes to complete a doctoral degree.
*Lists of key terms and formulas in each chapter, plus end-of-book glossary.
Zielgruppe
Students and professionals in education, psychology, social work, criminal justice, communication, business, and related fields. Serves as a text in upper-division undergraduate and master's-level courses providing an introduction to statistics in practitioner-related fields.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
- Introduction: You Do Not Need to Be a Statistician to Understand Statistics! A Little Background Many Students Do Not Know What Theyre Getting Into A Few Simple Steps - Identify the Problem - State a Hypothesis - Identify the Independent Variable - Identify and Describe the Dependent Variable - Choose the Right Statistical Test - Use Data Analysis Software to Test the Hypothesis So, Whats New in This Edition? Summary Do You Understand These Key Words and Phrases? 1. Identifying a Research Problem and Stating Hypotheses Introduction Identify the problem - Characteristics of a Good Problem Statement - Finding a Good Research Problem - The Problem Is Interesting to the Researcher - The Scope of the Problem Is Manageable by the Researcher - The Researcher Has the Knowledge, Time, and Resources Needed to Investigate the Problem - The Problem Can Be Researched through the Collection and Analysis of Numeric Data - Investigating the Problem Has Theoretical or Practical Significance - It Is Ethical to Investigate the Problem - Writing the Problem Statement - Problem Statements Must Be Clear and Concise - The Problem Statement Must Include All Variables to Be Considered - The Problem Statement Should Not Interject the Researchers Bias - Summary of Step 1: Identify the Problem State a Hypothesis - An Example of Stating Our Hypothesis - A Little More Detail - The Direction of Hypotheses - Using Directional Hypotheses to Test a Greater Than Relationship - Using Directional Hypotheses to Test a Less Than Relationship - Nondirectional Hypotheses - Hypotheses Must Be Testable via the Collection and Analysis of Data - Research versus Null Hypotheses - Stating Null Hypotheses for Directional Hypotheses - Issues Underlying the Null Hypothesis for Directional Research Hypotheses - Stating Null Hypotheses for Nondirectional Hypotheses - A Preview of Testing the Null Hypothesis - Where Does That Leave Us? - Statistical Words of Wisdom - Summary of Step 2: State a Hypothesis Do You Understand These Key Words and Phrases? Quiz Time! Problem Statements Case Studies: The Case of Distance Therapy - The Case of the New Teacher - The Case of Being Exactly Right - The Case of Does It Really Work? - The Case of Advertising - The Case of Learning to Speak - The Case of Kids on Cruises 2. Identifying the Independent and Dependent Variables in a Hypothesis Introduction Identify the Independent Variable - Nonmanipulated Independent Variables - Another Way of Thinking about Nonmanipulated Independent Variables - Manipulated or Experimental Independent Variables - Levels of the Independent Variable - Summary of Step 3: Identify the Independent Variable Identify and Describe the Dependent Variable - Identifying Your Dependent Variable - What Type of Data Are We Collecting? - Interval Data - Data TypesWhat Is the Good News? - Summary of the Dependent Variable and Data Types - Measures of Central Tendency - The Mean, Median, and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency - The Mode - Using Statistical Software to Analyze Our Data - Summary of the First Part of Step 4: Identify and Describe the Dependent Variable Do You Understand These Key Words and Phrases? Do You Understand These Formulas? Quiz Time! 3. Measures of Dispersion and Measures of Relative Standing Introduction Measures of Dispersion - The Range - The Standard Deviation - The Variance Measures of Relative Standing - Percentiles - Computing and Interpreting T-Scores - Stanines - Putting It All Together - Using SPSS for T-Scores and StaninesNot So Fast! Summary Do You Understand These Key Words and Phrases? Do You Understand These Formulas? Quiz Time! 4. Graphically Describing the Dependent Variable Introduction Graphical Descriptive Statistics - Graphically Describing Nominal Data - Pie Charts - Bar Charts - Graphically Describing Quantitative Data - Scatterplots - Histograms - Dont Let a Picture Tell You the Wrong Story! - Summary of Graphical Descriptive Statistics The Normal Distribution - Things That Can Affect the Shape of a Distribution of Quantitative Data Summary of the Normal Distribution Do You Understand These Key Words and Phrases? Quiz Time! 5. Choosing the Right Statistical Test Introduction The Very Basics - The Central Limit Theorem - The Sampling Distribution of the Means - Summary of the Central Limit Theorem and the Sampling Distribution of the Means How Are We Doing So Far? Estimating Population Parameters Using Confidence Intervals - The Alpha Value - Type I and Type II Errors Predicting a Population Parameter Based on a Sample Statistic Using Confidence Intervals - Pay Close Attention Here - Confidence Intervals for Alpha =.01 and Alpha =.10 - Another Way to Think about z Scores in Confidence Intervals - Tying This All Together - Be Careful When Changing Your Alpha Values - Do We Understand Everything We Need to Know about Confidence Intervals? Testing Hypotheses about a Population Parameter Based on a Sample Statistic - Making a Decision about the Certification Examination Scores - We Are Finally Going to Test Our Hypothesis! - Testing a One-Tailed Hypothesis Testing a One-Tailed Less Than Hypothesis Summarizing What We Just Said Be Careful When Changing Your Alpha Values The Heart of Inferential Statistics - Probability Values - A Few More Examples - Great NewsWe Will Always Use Software to Compute Our p Value Choose the Right Statistical Test - You Already Know a Few Things - A Couple of Notes about the Table - Summary of Step 5: Choose the Right Statistical Test Do You Understand These Key Words and Phrases? Do You Understand These Formulas and Symbols? Quiz Time! 6. The One-Sample t-Test Introduction Welcome to the Guinness Breweries The t Distribution - Putting This Together - Determining the Critical Value of t - Degrees of Freedom - Be Careful Computing Degrees of Freedom - Lets Get Back to Our Anxiety Hypothesis - Plotting Our Critical Value of t - The Statistical Effect Size of Our Example Lets Look at a Directional Hypothesis - Using the p Value - Check Your Mean Scores! One More Time - Important Note about Software Packages Lets Use the Six-Step Model! - The Case of Slow Response Time - Identify the Problem - State a Hypothesis - Identify the Independent Variable - Identify and Describe the Dependent Variable - Choose the Right Statistical Test - Use Data Analysis Software to Test the Hypothesis - The Case of Stopping Sneezing - Identify the Problem - State a Hypothesis - Identify the Independent Variable - Identify and Describe the Dependent Variable - Choose the Right Statistical Test - Use Data Analysis Software to Test the Hypothesis - The Case of Growing Tomatoes - Identify the Problem - State a Hypothesis - Identify the Independent Variable - Identify and
