Taylor Lunar Science: A Post - Apollo View

Scientific Results and Insights from the Lunar Samples
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6089-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 392 Seiten, Web PDF

Lunar Science: A Post-Apollo View: Scientific Results and Insights from the Lunar Samples examines the scientific data and discoveries provided by the manned Apollo lunar missions as they are understood. The interpretative aspects of the study are given emphasis in order to present a coherent story of the evolution and origin of the moon based on the lunar samples collected by Apollo. This text has seven chapters; the first of which discusses studies and observations of the moon, particularly its surface, prior to Apollo. Attention then turns to the beginning of the Apollo missions, six of which were successful and one was aborted. The next chapter outlines the broad framework of the lunar landscape and the stratigraphic relations, focusing on lunar topography and other geologic features such as craters, rilles, central peaks and peak rings, wrinkle ridges, and maria lava flows. The reader is also introduced to the nature of the moon's surface, highlighting features such as microcraters and micrometeorites, along with maria basalts, the highlands, and the lunar interior. A chapter on the state of knowledge about the evolution and origin of the moon based on evidence gathered by the Apollo missions concludes the book. An epilogue assesses the usefulness of manned space flight. This book will be valuable to lunar scientists as well as to those with an interest in astronomy and space exploration.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Taylor, Stuart Ross

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Lunar Science: A Post-Apollo View;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Dedication;6
6;Preface;12
7;Acknowledgments;18
8;Chapter 1. Introduction;22
8.1;1.1 The Pre-Apollo Setting;22
8.2;1.2 The Apollo Landings and the Lunar Samples;25
9;Chapter 2. Lunar Geology;32
9.1;2.1 The Face of the Moon;32
9.2;2.2 Stratigraphy of the Lunar Surface;42
9.3;2.3 Stratigraphie and Absolute Age Scales;45
9.4;2.4 Lunar Topography;47
9.5;2.5 The Larger Lunar Craters;48
9.6;2.6 Central Peaks and Peak Rings;51
9.7;2.7 The Large Ringed Basins;51
9.8;2.8 Relation of Ringed Basins and Smooth- Plains-Forming Deposits;58
9.9;2.9 Layering in the Highlands;62
9.10;2.10 Maria Lava Flows;62
9.11;2.11 Rilles
;65
9.12;2.12 Wrinkle Ridges;69
9.13;2.13 Low Albedo Areas;72
9.14;2.14 Swirls;73
9.15;References And Notes
;73
10;Chapter 3. The Surface of the Moon;76
10.1;3.1 The Extreme Upper Surface;76
10.2;3.2 The Regolith;78
10.3;3.3 Structure of the Regolith;81
10.4;3.4 Chemistry of the Regolith;84
10.5;3.5 "Age" of the Soils;85
10.6;3.6 Glasses;88
10.7;3.7 Tektites;99
10.8;3.8 The Mega-Regolith;104
10.9;3.9 Craters and Cratering Rates;105
10.10;3.10 Microcraters and Micrometeorites;109
10.11;3.11 Meteorite Flux;113
10.12;3.12 Solar and Galactic Cosmic Rays;114
10.13;3.13 Fossil Track Studies;115
10.14;3.14 Cosmogenic Radionuclides;119
10.15;3.15 Rare Gases;120
10.16;3.16 Volatilization of Elements at the Lunar Surface;127
10.17;3.17 Lunar Atmosphere;127
10.18;3.18 Exobiology;129
10.19;3.19 Organic Geochemistry;131
10.20;References And Notes
;131
11;Chapter 4. The Maria;141
11.1;4.1 The Lavas;141
11.2;4.2 Types of Maria Basalts;144
11.3;4.3 Emerald Green and Orange Glasses;154
11.4;4.4 Composition of Maria Basalts;166
11.5;4.5 The Large Cations;169
11.6;4.6 The Rare Earth Elements (REE);173
11.7;4.7 The Europium Anomaly;175
11.8;4.8 The Large, High-Valency Cations;180
11.9;4.9 The Ferromagnesian Elements;183
11.10;4.10 Sulfur and the Chalcophile Elements;187
11.11;4.11 The Siderophile Elements;189
11.12;4.12 Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes;192
11.13;4.13 Cosmochemical Implications of the Trace Element Abundances;194
11.14;4.14 Ages of Maria Basalts;201
11.15;4.15 Sources of the Maria Basalts;209
11.16;4.16 Impact Melting;210
11.17;4.17 Partial Melting in the Interior;212
11.18;4.18 Cooling and Crystallization of the Lavas;216
11.19;4.19 Fractional Crystallization;218
12;Chapter 5. The Highlands;227
12.1;5.1 The Highland Crust;227
12.2;5.2 Breccias;232
12.3;5.3 Impact-Induced Melting;239
12.4;5.4 Element Migration in Breccias;243
12.5;5.5 Sampling of the Highland Crust;251
12.6;5.6 Highland Rock Types;254
12.7;5.7 Experimental Petrology and the Source of the Highland Rock Types;259
12.8;5.8 The Orbital Chemical Data;260
12.9;5.9 Inter-element Correlations;266
12.10;5.10 The Chemical Composition of the Highlands;270
12.11;5.11 The Ancient Meteoritic Component;280
12.12;5.12 Ages of the Highland Rocks;284
13;Chapter 6. The Interior of the Moon;297
13.1;6.1 Radius, Density, and Moment of Inertia;298
13.2;6.2 Lunar Gravity and the Mascons;298
13.3;6.3 Lunar Seismicity;302
13.4;6.4 Structure of the Lunar Interior;308
13.5;6.5 Temperatures within the Moon;313
13.6;6.6 Lunar Magnetism;317
13.7;6.7 Origin of the Lunar Magnetic Field;322
14;Chapter 7. The Origin and Evolution of the Moon;327
14.1;7.1 The New Moon;327
14.2;7.2 The Boundary Conditions from the Apollo Missions;328
14.3;7.3 Homogeneous Versus Heterogeneous Accretion;332
14.4;7.4 The Overall Composition of the Moon;334
14.5;7.5 Rare Earth Patterns in the Lunar Interior;338
14.6;7.6 Geochemical Evolution of the Moon;339
14.7;7.7 Lunar Origins;345
14.8;7.8 The Double Planet Hypothesis;346
14.9;7.9 Fission Hypothesis;347
14.10;7.10 Capture Hypotheses;349
14.11;7.11 The Solar Nebula;353
15;Epilogue On the Usefulness of Manned Space Flight;358
16;Appendix I Reference Abbreviations;361
17;Appendix II Primary Data Sources;362
18;Glossary;366
19;Author Index;376
20;Subject Index;382