Svarovsky Solid-Liquid Separation

Chemical Engineering Series
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6285-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 345 Seiten, Web PDF

Solid-Liquid Separation compiles a compact and coherent structure of contributions regarding solid-liquid separation. This book comprises chapters on basic fundamentals, principles and equipment, as well as on various important aspects of solid-liquid separation such as filter aids, washing, and flocculation. Other topics include characterization of particles suspended in liquids; efficiency of separation of particles from fluids; separation by centrifugal sedimentation; pressure filtration; cake dewatering; and selection of solid-liquid separation equipment. This publication is useful to chemical engineers and process engineers, particularly those in plant operation, plant design or equipment testing and commissioning. This selection can also be used as a textbook for teaching in undergraduate, postgraduate, and post-experience courses.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Svarovsky, Ladislav

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Solid—Liquid Separation;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;Preface;6
6;Contributors;8
7;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO SOLID—LIQUID SEPARATION;14
7.1;1.1. Solid–liquid separation processes;15
8;CHAPTER 2. CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTICLES SUSPENDED IN LIQUIDS;18
8.1;2.1. Introduction, the reasons for particle characterization;18
8.2;2.2. Definitions of particle size;19
8.3;2.3. Types of particle size distribution;21
8.4;2.4. Measures of central tendency;24
8.5;2.5. Presentation of data;28
8.6;2.6. Sampling;36
8.7;2.7. Laboratory measurement of particle size;37
8.8;2.8. On-line measurement techniques;40
8.9;References;42
9;CHAPTER 3. EFFICIENCY OF SEPARATION OF PARTICLES FROM FLUIDS;44
9.1;3.1. Introduction;44
9.2;3.2. Basic definitions and mass balance equations;45
9.3;3.3. Basic relationships between ET, G(x) and the particle size distributions of the products;52
9.4;3.4. Modifications of efficiency definitions for applications with an appreciable underflow-to-throughput ratio;64
9.5;Appendix 3.1. Errors in the measurement of the total efficiency;65
9.6;Appendix 3.2. Errors in the measurement of the grade efficiency;67
9.7;References;70
10;CHAPTER 4. COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION;72
10.1;4.1. Introduction;72
10.2;4.2. The colloidal model;74
10.3;4.3. Electrokinetic phenomena and the zeta potential;79
10.4;4.4 Practical applications of the zeta potential;81
10.5;4.5 Flocculation by polyelectrolytes;82
10.6;4.6. Other considerations;85
10.7;References;86
11;CHAPTER 5. GRAVITY THICKENING;88
11.1;Nomenclature;88
11.2;5.1. Introduction;88
11.3;5.2. The sedimentation concept;89
11.4;5.3. Factors affecting sedimentation;91
11.5;5.4. Thickeners as unit processes;94
11.6;Appendix 5.1;103
11.7;References;111
12;CHAPTER 6. HYDROCYCLONES;114
12.1;6.1. Introduction and description;114
12.2;6.2. Liquid flow patterns;115
12.3;6.3. Motion of suspended particles;118
12.4;6.4. Prediction of hydrocyclone efficiency;118
12.5;6.5. Pressure drop;125
12.6;6.6. Design variables affecting performance;126
12.7;6.7. Design of a hydrocyclone installation;127
12.8;6.8. Multiple hydrocyclone arrangements available;131
12.9;6.9. Applications of hydrocyclones;133
12.10;Appendix 6.1;134
12.11;References;135
13;CHAPTER 7. SEPARATION BY CENTRIFUGAL SEDIMENTATION;138
13.1;7.1. Introduction;138
13.2;7.2. Theoretical performance predictions;138
13.3;7.3. Equipment;147
13.4;7.4. Factors affecting the choice of centrifugal equipment;158
13.5;References;159
14;CHAPTER 8. SCREENING;162
14.1;8.1. Introduction;162
14.2;8.2. Screen design;163
14.3;8.3. Screen function;164
14.4;8.4. Screen types;166
14.5;8.5. Screen deck materials;170
14.6;8.6 Screen efficiency;176
14.7;Appendix 8.1. Dewatering screen applications;177
14.8;Appendix 8.2. Proof of rectangular-hole-screen efficiency formula;180
14.9;Bibliography;182
15;CHAPTER 9. FILTRATION FUNDAMENTALS;184
15.1;9.1. Introduction;184
15.2;9.2. Flow rate–pressure drop relations;186
15.3;9.3. Filtration operations—basic equations, incompressible cakes;189
15.4;9.4. Filtration operations—basic equations, compressible cakes;200
15.5;9.5. Relationship between specific cake resistance, porosity and specific surface;203
15.6;9.6. Cake moisture correction—mass balance;204
15.7;References;205
16;CHAPTER 10. FILTER AIDS;206
16.1;10.1. Introduction;206
16.2;10.2. Commercially available filter aid powders;207
16.3;10.3. Applications of filter aids;209
17;CHAPTER 11. DEEP BED FILTRATION;212
17.1;11.1. Introduction;212
17.2;11.2. Theory;213
17.3;11.3. Problems of design and operation;214
17.4;11.4. Future developments;221
17.5;References;221
18;CHAPTER 12. PRESSURE FILTRATION;224
18.1;12.1. Introduction;224
18.2;12.2. Pressure filters;224
18.3;12.3. Optimum cycle times;231
18.4;References;233
19;CHAPTER 13. VACUUM FILTRATION;234
19.1;Nomenclature;234
19.2;13.1. Introduction;235
19.3;13.2. Vacuum filtration equipment;235
19.4;13.3. Research into filter performance;245
19.5;Appendix 13.1;251
19.6;References;254
20;CHAPTER 14. CENTRIFUGAL FILTRATION;256
20.1;14.1. Introduction;256
20.2;14.2. Flow through the cake of a filter centrifuge;256
20.3;14.3. The filtration period in a centrifugal field;264
20.4;14.4. Measurement of the intrinsic permeability of a filter cake in a centrifugal field;269
20.5;14.5. Bypass filtration processes in centrifugal fields;271
20.6;14.6. Design and operating characteristics of filter centrifuges;281
20.7;14.7. Peculiarities of pusher centrifuges;289
20.8;Appendix 14.1. Compilation of important definitions;295
20.9;References;295
21;CHAPTER 15. CAKE WASHING;296
21.1;Nomenclature;296
21.2;15.1. Introduction;297
21.3;15.2. Washing by displacement;297
21.4;15.3. Reslurry washing;305
21.5;References;309
22;CHAPTER 16. CAKE DEWATERING;310
22.1;Nomenclature;310
22.2;16.1. Introduction;310
22.3;16.2. Definitions;311
22.4;16.3. Two-phase flow in filter cakes;312
22.5;16.4. Residual saturation;314
22.6;16.5. Kinetics of dewatering;317
22.7;16.6. Compression dewatering;318
22.8;16.7. Cake cracking;319
22.9;Bibliography;319
23;CHAPTER 17. FILTER MEDIA;320
23.1;17.1. Introduction;320
23.2;17.2. Criteria for filter media for specific groups of filters;321
23.3;17.3. Filter media materials;324
23.4;17.4. Stability and strength of filter media;325
24;CHAPTER 18. THE SELECTION OF SOLID—LIQUID SEPARATION EQUIPMENT;326
24.1;18.1. Introduction;326
24.2;18.2. Sedimentation or filtration?;326
24.3;18.3. Sedimentation equipment;328
24.4;18.4. Filtration equipment;331
25;INDEX;340