Stern Air Pollution and Its Effects

Air Pollution
2. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6882-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 714 Seiten, Web PDF

Air Pollution, Second Edition, Volume I: Air Pollution and Its Effects discusses the cause, effect, transport, measurement, and control of air pollution. The volume covers the nature of air pollution; mechanism of the dispersal of air pollution by meteorological factors and from stacks; and its effect upon plants, animals, humans, materials, and visibility. The classification and extent of air pollution problems; air pollution effects on urban atmospheric and weather conditions; and the effects of air pollution on materials and the economy are discussed as well. Engineers, physicians, meteorologists, economists, sociologists, agronomists, and toxicologists will find the book a valuable reference material.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Stern, Arthur C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Air Pollution and Its Effects;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;12
5;List of Contributors;8
6;Preface;10
7;Contents of Other Volumes;18
8;Part I: AIR POLLUTION;22
8.1;Chapter 1. Classification and Extent of Air Pollution Problems;24
8.1.1;I. Natural History of the Air Pollution Problem;24
8.1.2;II. Historical Perspective;25
8.1.3;III. Primary Concepts of Air Pollution;34
8.1.4;IV. Types of Effects Associated With Air Pollution;40
8.1.5;V. Air Pollution as a Problem of the Future;42
8.2;Chapter 2. Gaseous Pollutants in the Air;46
8.2.1;I. Introduction;46
8.2.2;II. Carbon-Containing Gases;51
8.2.3;III. Sulfur-Containing Gases;60
8.2.4;IV. Nitrogen-Containing Gases;62
8.2.5;V. Ozone and Oxidants;66
8.2.6;VI. Fluorine and Hydrogen Fluoride;68
8.2.7;References;68
8.3;Chapter 3. Nonviable Particles in the Air;70
8.3.1;Nomenclature;70
8.3.2;I. Introduction;71
8.3.3;II. Particle Parameters;72
8.3.4;III. Particle Dynamics in the Atmosphere;80
8.3.5;IV. Physical and Chemical Properties of Particles in the Air;83
8.3.6;V. Concluding Remarks;112
8.3.7;References;113
8.4;Chapter 4. Viable Particles in the Air;118
8.4.1;I. Viable Particles in the Air;118
8.4.2;II. Factors Influencing the Quantity and Kinds of Viable Particles in the Air;129
8.4.3;III. Effects on Man, Animals, and Plants;132
8.4.4;IV. Methods of Control of Viable Particles in the Air;138
8.4.5;References;141
8.5;Chapter 5. Sources of Radioactive Pollution;144
8.5.1;I. Natural Radioactivity;144
8.5.2;II. Properties of Fission and Activation Products;150
8.5.3;III. Nuclear Reactors;155
8.5.4;IV. Reprocessing of Spent Fuel;163
8.5.5;V. Nuclear Weapons;164
8.5.6;VI. Aerospace Applications of Nuclear Energy;168
8.5.7;References;170
8.6;Chapter 6. Atmospheric Reactions and Scavenging Processes;172
8.6.1;I. Principles of Atmospheric Reactions;172
8.6.2;II. Atmospheric Reactions in Air Pollution;184
8.6.3;III. Atmospheric Scavenging Processes;202
8.6.4;References;206
9;PART II: AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY;210
9.1;Chapter 7. Meteorology and Air Pollution;212
9.1.1;I. Introduction;212
9.1.2;II. Vertical Temperature Structure;213
9.1.3;III. Wind Structure;220
9.1.4;IV. Topographic Effects;228
9.1.5;V. Large-Scale Wind and Temperature;230
9.1.6;VI. Application to Air Pollution Problems;231
9.1.7;VII. Nonturbulent Dispersal;236
9.1.8;VIII. Mathematical Models of Urban Air Pollution;240
9.1.9;References;249
9.2;Chapter 8. Atmospheric Dispersion of Stack Effluents;252
9.2.1;Nomenclature;252
9.2.2;I. Introduction;253
9.2.3;II. Characteristics of Stack Plumes;254
9.2.4;III. Analytical Methods for Prediction of Plume Characteristics;264
9.2.5;IV. Experimental Methods for the Prediction of Plume Characteristics;294
9.2.6;References;298
9.3;Chapter 9. Air Pollution Climatology;300
9.3.1;I. Introduction;300
9.3.2;II. Weather Elements;311
9.3.3;III. Air Quality;338
9.3.4;References;343
9.4;Chapter 10. Meteorological Management of Air Pollution;346
9.4.1;Nomenclature;346
9.4.2;I. Introduction;347
9.4.3;II. The Usefulness of Mathematical Models in Air Pollution Management;348
9.4.4;III. The Meteorological Factor in Source Configurations;356
9.4.5;IV. The Meteorological Factor in Source Control;362
9.4.6;V. Signs and Portents—The Meteorologist in Air Pollution Management Today and Tomorrow;370
9.4.7;References;372
10;PART III: EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION;374
10.1;Chapter 11. Effect on the Physical Properties of the Atmosphere;376
10.1.1;I. Introduction;376
10.1.2;II. Effects of Air Pollution on Visibility;378
10.1.3;III. Mathematical Concepts of Visibility;386
10.1.4;IV. Air Pollution Effects on Urban Atmospheric and Weather Conditions;406
10.1.5;V. Effect of Air Pollution on Atmospheric Constituents;419
10.1.6;References;426
10.2;Chapter 12. Effects of Air Pollutants on Vegetation;428
10.2.1;I. Introduction;428
10.2.2;II. Symptoms of Air Pollution Injury to Vegetation;431
10.2.3;III. Factors Affecting Response of Vegetation to Air Pollutants;446
10.2.4;IV. The Use of Plants for Pollutant Identification and Field Monitoring;455
10.2.5;V. Economic Evaluation of Response;465
10.2.6;VI. Reduction of Air Pollution Injury to Vegetation;469
10.2.7;References;471
10.3;Chapter 13. Biologic Effects of Air Pollutants;476
10.3.1;I. Introduction;477
10.3.2;II. Inorganic Gases;477
10.3.3;III. Organic Vapors;514
10.3.4;IV. Particulates;520
10.3.5;V. Mixtures;530
10.3.6;VI. Carcinogenic Materials;546
10.3.7;VII. Real and Synthetic Atmospheres;553
10.3.8;VIII. Air Pollution Effects on Livestock;559
10.3.9;IX. Conclusions;563
10.3.10;References;564
10.4;Chapter 14. Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health;578
10.4.1;I. Introduction;578
10.4.2;II. Acute Air Pollution Episodes;585
10.4.3;III. Experimental Exposures of Animals and Man;594
10.4.4;IV. Dilemmas;595
10.4.5;V. Air Pollution as a Causal Factor in Chronic Pulmonary Disease;598
10.4.6;VI. Effects of Air Pollution on Children;625
10.4.7;VII. Effects of Carbon Monoxide on Transport of Oxygen by the Blood;628
10.4.8;VIII. Health Effects of Exposure to Atmospheric Lead;631
10.4.9;IX. Sensory Irritation;635
10.4.10;X. Prevention and Treatment of Air Pollution Effects;639
10.4.11;References;640
10.5;Chapter 15. Effects of Air Pollution on Materials and the Economy;648
10.5.1;I. Introduction;648
10.5.2;II. Mechanisms of Deterioration in Polluted Atmospheres;649
10.5.3;III. Factors That Influence Atmospheric Deterioration;649
10.5.4;IV. Methods of Measuring Atmospheric Deterioration;651
10.5.5;V. Materials Damage;656
10.5.6;VI. Economic Estimates;677
10.5.7;References;682
11;Author Index;686
12;Subject Index;705
13;Color Plates facing;456