Stenseth / Lidicker Animal Dispersal

Small mammals as a model
1992
ISBN: 978-94-011-2338-9
Verlag: Springer Netherland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 365 Seiten, eBook

4.1.1 Demographic significance Confined populations grow more rapidly than populations from which dispersal is permitted (Lidicker, 1975; Krebs, 1979; Tamarin et at., 1984), and demography in island populations where dispersal is restricted differs greatly from nearby mainland populations (Lidicker, 1973; Tamarin, 1977, 1978; Gliwicz, 1980), clearly demonstrating the demographic signi ficance of dispersal. The prevalence of dispersal in rapidly expanding populations is held to be the best evidence for presaturation dispersal. Because dispersal reduces the growth rate of source populations, it is generally believed that emigration is not balanced by immigration, and that mortality of emigrants occurs as a result of movement into a 'sink' of unfavourable habitat. If such dispersal is age- or sex-biased, the demo graphy of the population is markedly affected, as a consequence of differ ences in mortality in the dispersive sex or age class. Habitat heterogeneity consequently underlies this interpretation of dispersal and its demographic consequences, although the spatial variability of environments is rarely assessed in dispersal studies.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Stenseth, N.C.

Lidicker, W.Z.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

One. Introductory chapters.- 1 The study of dispersal: a conceptual guide.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Terminology.- 1.3 Dispersal or residency.- 1.4 A matter of scale.- 1.5 Dispersal: a conceptual ‘glue’.- 1.6 The book.- References.- 2 To disperse or not to disperse: who does it and why?.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Who are the dispersers?.- 2.3 What motivates dispersal?.- 2.4 A classification of dispersal.- 2.5 Conclusions.- References.- 3 The genetic consequences of dispersal.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Dispersal, environmental heterogeneity, and genetic variation.- 3.3 Gene flow and spatial differentiation.- 3.4 Inference from genetic patterns.- 3.5 Conclusions.- References.- Two. The process of dispersal.- 4. Habitat heterogeneity and dispersal: environmental and genetic patchiness.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The adaptive basis of dispersal.- 4.3 Are dispersers genetically distinct?.- 4.4 Conclusions.- References.- 5 Social Factors in immigration and emigration.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Aggression, dominance, and spacing.- 5.3 Lack of social bonding.- 5.4 Mate access and mate choice.- 5.5 Social consequences of dispersal.- 5.6 Conclusions.- References.- Three. Patterns: cyclic versus stable populations.- 6 Patterns of dispersal in non-cyclic populations of small rodents.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Patterns of seasonal dispersal.- 6.3 Why do rodents disperse early in the breeding season?.- 6.4 Why do rodents disperse in the autumn?.- 6.5 Spring-summer dispersal, spatial heterogeneity, and population cycles.- 6.6 Conclusions.- References.- 7 The role of dispersal in cyclic rodent populations.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Immigration and emigration are always area-dependent.- 7.3 Dispersal can affect a population directly or indirectly.- References.- Four. Applications.- 8 Small mammal dispersal in pest management and conservation.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Population eradication.- 8.3 Damage related to dispersal from permanent habitats.- 8.4 Pest outbreaks.- 8.5 Settling in human habitations.- 8.6 Disease transmission.- 8.7 Models in conservation theory.- 8.8 Discussion and generalizations.- 8.9 Conclusions.- References.- Five. Looking backward and forward.- 9 Presaturation and saturation dispersal 15 years later: some theoretical considerations.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 The evolution of dispersal.- 9.3 Population dynamic consequences of dispersal.- 9.4 Presaturation and saturation dispersal 15 years later.- References.- Six. Invited commentaries.- 10 Do large mammals disperse like small mammals?.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Patches and demes.- 10.3 Dispersal in increasing and stationary populations.- 10.4 Natal, breeding, and transfer dispersal.- 10.5 Breeding systems and the functions of dispersal.- 10.6 Demographic consequences of dispersal.- 10.7 Conclusions.- References.- 11 The primate perspective on dispersal.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Patterns of dispersal in primates.- 11.3 Proximate causes of dispersal.- 11.4 Evolutionary explanations of dispersal.- 11.5 Species with female-biased dispersal.- 11.6 Conclusions.- References.- 12 A red grouse perspective on dispersal in small mammals.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Red grouse and small mammals as study animals.- 12.3 Dispersal or emigration?.- 12.4 Models on emigration and immigration as direct causes of demographic change in red grouse and voles.- 12.5 Emigration or immigration as a direct cause of demographic change.- 12.6 Different types of emigration and their demographic consequences.- 12.7 Emigration, immigration, cycles, and irregular fluctuations.- 12.8 Emigration as an indirect cause of declines.- 12.9 Final remarks.- References.- 13 An entomological perspective on animal dispersal.- 13.1 Indroduction.- 13.2 Separate paths.- 13.3 Insect spatial movements.- 13.4 Cross-contributions and future directions.- References.- Seven. Appendices.- Appendix 1. Where do we stand methodologically about experimental design and methods of analysis in the study of dispersal?.- A1.1 Introduction.- A1.2 Techniques for obtaining data.- A1.3 Methods of analysis.- A1.4 Future directions.- References.- Appendix 2. Alternative approaches to the study of small mammal dispersal: insights from radiotelemetry.- A2.1 Introduction.- A2.2 Verification of dispersal.- A2.3 Description of movements.- A2.4 The location of dispersers.- A2.5 Dispersal distance.- A2.6 Dispersal frequency.- A2.7 Future studies.- A2.8 Conclusions.- References.- Appendix 3. The use of radioisotopes in the study of dispersal: with a case study.- A3.1 Introduction.- A3.2 A brief survey of radioisotope use in population studies.- A3.3 The Myllymäki-Hansson-Hoff study.- A3.4 Conclusions.- References.- Epilogue.