Sperling / Martin Psychology

Made Simple
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-0630-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 300 Seiten, Web PDF

Psychology: Made Simple covers the development of psychology over the years and the basic psychological knowledge. The book describes the scientific approach to the study of the human nature, the physiological aspects of psychology, perception, and the processes of learning. The text also discusses John Dewey's analysis of reasoning; creativity, logic, critical thinking, and divergent and convergent thinking; the nature of thinking; and the relationship between thinking and language. The process of remembering; intelligence and aptitudes and tests used to measure both; the basis of individual differences; and the psychology of infancy, childhood, and adolescence are also considered. The book tackles the theories of emotions and personality development, the role of motivation in personality development; personality adjustment and maladjustment; and the neurotic and abnormal personalities. Issues in social psychology are considered as well. Students taking psychology, social sciences and education will find the book invaluable.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sperling, Abraham P.

Martin, Kenneth

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Psychology: Made Simple;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Foreword;6
6;CHAPTER 1.
A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF HUMAN NATURE;18
6.1;Why Men Study Human Nature;18
6.2;Sources of Knowledge About Human Nature;19
6.3;Sciences of Human Nature;22
6.4;Scientific Methods In Psychology;23
6.5;Some Schools of Psychology;29
6.6;The Plan of This Book;32
6.7;Suggested Further Reading;32
7;CHAPTER
2. SENSATION AND PERCEPTION;34
7.1;The Sense of Sight;35
7.2;The Sense of Hearing;41
7.3;Theories of Hearing;42
7.4;Our Sense of Taste and Smell;46
7.5;The Feeling Senses;49
7.6;Sense of Balance;50
7.7;Sense of Muscle Co-ordination;52
7.8;Visceral Senses;52
7.9;Suggested Further Reading;54
8;CHAPTER
3. PERCEPTION;55
8.1;Perception and the Nature of the Stimulus;57
8.2;Perception and the Background or Setting of the Stimulus;59
8.3;Perception in Terms of Previous Related Experience;62
8.4;Perception and Personal Feelings, Attitudes, Drives, etc.;64
8.5;Suggested Further Reading;67
9;CHAPTER
4. LEARNING;68
9.1;The Prevalence of Learning;69
9.2;How Animals Solve Problems;71
9.3;Trial-and-Error Thinking;72
9.4;How Animals Remember Solutions to Problems;73
9.5;Conditioning;75
9.6;Operant Learning;76
9.7;The Gestalt Approach to Learning;77
9.8;Do Animals Form Concepts?;78
9.9;Animal and Human Learning Compared;78
9.10;Suggested Further Reading;79
10;CHAPTER
5. THINKING;80
10.1;John Dewey's Analysis of Reasoning;84
10.2;Creativity, the Third Stage of Reasoning;85
10.3;Logic, the Fourth Stage of Reasoning;87
10.4;Convergent and Divergent Thinking;87
10.5;The Nature of Thinking;88
10.6;Thinking and Language;88
10.7;Suggested Further Reading;89
11;CHAPTER
6. REMEMBERING;90
11.1;Four Kinds of Remembering;90
11.2;The Laws of Learning;92
11.3;Ebbinghaus's Experiments on Memorizing;94
11.4;Habit Formation and Control;98
11.5;A Typical Learning Curve;99
11.6;Suggested Further Reading;102
12;CHAPTER
7. INTELLIGENCE AND APTITUDES;103
12.1;The Meaning of Intelligence;104
12.2;Aptitude Testing;111
12.3;Conclusion;113
12.4;Suggested Further Reading;113
13;CHAPTER
8. HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT;114
13.1;The Basis of Individual Differences;114
13.2;Limitation By Species;115
13.3;Heredity;116
13.4;The Laws of Heredity;118
13.5;Heredity versus Environment;122
13.6;Summary of Views on Heredity versus Environmental Influences;131
13.7;Suggested Further Reading;132
14;CHAPTER
9. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF INFANCY;133
14.1;The Development of the Self;140
14.2;Suggested Further Reading;147
15;CHAPTER
10. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD;148
15.1;Early Social Behaviour;148
15.2;Stuttering and Stammering;150
15.3;The Young Child's Morality;150
15.4;Play;152
15.5;Learning in School;153
15.6;The Mental Development of the Child;153
15.7;The Gang Age;154
15.8;Suggested Further Reading;157
16;CHAPTER
11. PYCHOLOGY OF ADOLESCENCE;159
16.1;Puberty;160
16.2;Adolescent Problems;163
16.3;Suggested Further Reading;169
17;CHAPTER
12. EMOTIONS AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT;170
17.1;Theories of Emotion;170
17.2;Cannon's 'Emergency' Theory;176
17.3;The Anatomy of Emotion;177
17.4;The James-Lange Theory of Emotions;178
17.5;The Brain and Emotion;179
17.6;Development of the Emotional Pattern;181
17.7;Wundt's Three Dimensions of Feeling;184
17.8;The Differentiation of Behaviour;184
17.9;Emotions and Disease;185
17.10;Suggested Further Reading;188
18;CHAPTER
13. PERSONALITY;189
18.1;Projective Tests of Personality;190
18.2;Tests of Attitudes;192
18.3;The Personality Profile;195
18.4;Endocrinology;197
18.5;Endocrines and Personality;200
18.6;Suggested Further Reading;203
19;CHAPTER
14. MOTIVATION AND PERSONALITY;204
19.1;Drives or Basic Needs;205
19.2;Positive Motives;206
19.3;Motives and Emotions;209
19.4;Higher Motives and Conscience;216
19.5;Suggested Further Reading;219
20;CHAPTER 15. PERSONALITY ADJUSTMENT AND MALADJUSTMENT;220
20.1;Mechanisms of Adjustment;220
20.2;Infantile Adjustment Mechanisms;221
20.3;Childish Mechanisms of Adjustment;223
20.4;Dreaming;227
20.5;Inhibited Reactions to Motives;229
20.6;The Good Adjustment;232
20.7;Suggested Further Reading;235
21;CHAPTER 16.THE NEUROTIC PERSONALITY;236
21.1;Anxiety;236
21.2;The School of Freud;238
21.3;Phobias;239
21.4;Obsessions;240
21.5;Compulsions;240
21.6;The Compulsive Personality;241
21.7;Kleptomania and Other Manias;241
21.8;Dissociated Personalities;242
21.9;Hysteria;243
21.10;Neurasthenia;244
21.11;Psychosomatic Medicine;245
21.12;The Meaning of Neurosis;245
21.13;Methods of Psychotherapy;246
21.14;Suggested Further Reading;249
22;CHAPTER 17. THE ABNORMAL PERSONALITY;250
22.1;Delinquent Personalities;250
22.2;Psychopathic Personality;251
22.3;Psychosis and Insanity;252
22.4;Psychosis and Neurosis;252
22.5;The Kinds of Psychoses;254
22.6;The Organic Psychoses;255
22.7;Functional Psychoses;260
22.8;Schizophrenia;263
22.9;The Treatment of Psychotics;265
22.10;The Tranquillizing Drugs;266
22.11;Suggested Further Reading;267
23;CHAPTER
18. ISSUES IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY;268
23.1;Where do Our Attitudes Come From?;268
23.2;What Functions do Attitudes Serve?;269
23.3;Measuring Attitudes;269
23.4;Can Attitudes be Changed?;270
23.5;Explanations of Attitude Change;271
23.6;Attitudes and Behaviour;272
23.7;The Roles we Play also Influence our Attitudes and Behaviour;272
23.8;Prejudice—A Particular Kind of Attitude;273
23.9;Several Terms Relate to the Concept of Prejudice;273
23.10;Explanations of Prejudice;274
23.11;Can Prejudice be Changed?;275
23.12;General Effects of Group Pressure—the Conformity Issue;275
23.13;Concluding Comments;275
23.14;Suggested Further Reading;276
24;GLOSSARY;278
25;INDEX;290