Sonntag AIDS and Aid

A Public Good Approach
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-7908-2419-3
Verlag: Physica-Verlag HD
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 200 Seiten

Reihe: Contributions to Economics

The unfolding tragedy of the AIDS epidemic is an instance where a disease with local origins has created consequences worldwide. Todd Sandler (2001a) Health concerns are ?rmly embedded in the developing world. Conditions of poverty like inadequate health infrastructures and sanitation, limited access to treatment of diseases etc. have increased the susceptibility to diseases. However, there is an increasing awareness that health problems of the poor cross national borders and, hence, affect the well-being of people globally. Of all the health crises originating from the developing world the HIV/AIDS epidemic does not only seem to be the largest humanitarian concern but also possesses major economic, de- graphical and social consequences. AIDS could cause even bigger consequences in the future if the spread of HIV is not stopped. The international community has recognised this necessity by determining the 1 ?ght against AIDS as one of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs ).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sonntag, Diana

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;5
2;List of Figures;7
3;List of Tables;8
4;Abbreviations and Acronyms;9
5;Introduction;11
6;The Challenge: A Transnational Response to HIV/ AIDS;15
6.1;2.1 The Epidemiology of HIV;16
6.2;2.1.1 A Typology for Classifying AIDS Epidemics;17
6.3;2.1.2 HIV/AIDS in High-Income Countries;19
6.4;2.1.3 HIV/AIDS in Low and Middle-Income Countries;19
6.5;2.2 National and Transnational Impacts of AIDS;22
6.6;2.2.1 Demographic Impacts of AIDS;23
6.7;2.2.2 The Burden of AIDS;26
6.8;2.2.3 Biological Spillovers of AIDS;28
6.9;2.2.4 Transnational Impacts of AIDS;31
6.10;2.3 Responding to AIDS;33
6.11;2.3.1 The Prevention, Treatment and Care Continuum;33
6.12;2.3.2 The Conceptual Background of International Health- Promoting Public Goods;37
6.13;2.3.3 Definitions;38
6.14;2.3.4 The Concept of Aggregation Technology;39
6.15;2.4 Conclusions;42
7;Profiling the Provision Status of Health- Promoting Public Goods Against AIDS;44
7.1;3.1 Key Health-Promoting Public Goods;46
7.2;3.2 The Benchmark Case;49
7.3;3.3 Efficient and Equilibrium Allocations: The Weakest- Link Case;53
7.4;3.3.1 First-Order Condition if i is the Weakest- Link Country;55
7.5;3.3.2 First-Order Condition for all Other Countries j;55
7.6;3.4 Efficient and Equilibrium Allocations: The Best-Shot Case;60
7.7;3.4.1 Applying Hirshleifer’s Analysis to the Case “ Developing a Vaccine”;61
7.8;3.4.2 An Extension of Hirshleifer’s Analysis;64
7.9;3.5 Conclusions;67
8;International Transfers;70
8.1;4.1 Unconditional Income Transfers;72
8.2;4.1.1 The Basic Model;73
8.3;4.1.2 Corner Solutions;76
8.4;4.1.3 Cost Differentials;79
8.5;4.1.4 Weakest-Link and Best-Shot Public Goods in the Case of International Assistance;86
8.6;4.1.5 Non-neutrality of Unconditional Income Transfers;94
8.7;4.1.6 Discussion and Policy Recommendations;95
8.8;4.2 In-Kind Transfers;98
8.9;4.2.1 Income or In-Kind Transfers in a Weakest-Link Case;99
8.10;4.2.2 Income or In-Kind Transfers in a Best-Shot Case;103
8.11;4.2.3 A Comparison of Income versus In-Kind Transfers;107
8.12;4.2.4 Discussion: Transferring Income or Giving in Kind?;108
8.13;4.3 Conditional Income Transfers;111
8.14;4.3.1 Allocative Consequences of Subsidies in the Case of “ Knowledge About HIV”;112
8.15;4.3.2 Allocative Consequences of Subsidies in the Case of Alternative Aggregation Technologies;113
8.16;4.3.3 Limits of a Subsidy Mechanism;115
8.17;4.3.4 An Alternative Subsidy Mechanism;117
8.18;4.3.5 Discussion: Strengths and Weaknesses of the Subsidy Mechanism;121
8.19;4.4 Conclusions;121
9;Regional Constraints and HIV/AIDS;125
9.1;5.1 The Impact of Regional Constraints on HIV/AIDS;126
9.2;5.1.1 The Relationship Between Missing Access to Water, Sanitation and HIV/ AIDS;126
9.3;5.1.2 The Relationship Between Malnutrition and HIV/AIDS;128
9.4;5.1.3 Discussion: The Role of ODA;129
9.5;5.2 Institutional Considerations;131
9.6;5.3 Conclusions;132
10;Summary and Concluding Remarks;134
11;Appendices;138
11.1;Appendix A: Providing Unconditional Income Transfers in a Best- Shot Case;138
11.2;Appendix B: Necessary Feasibility Constraint in a Weakest- Link Case;139
11.3;Appendix C: Necessary Feasibility Constraint in a Best-Shot Case;140
11.4;Appendix D: The Effects of a Subsidy in a Framework of Private Provided Public Goods;140
11.5;Appendix E: A Modified Samuelson Condition;143
12;References;146
13;Index;157