Smirnova Environmental Radiation Effects on Mammals

A Dynamical Modeling Approach
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4419-7213-2
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 214 Seiten

Themonographisdevotedtothetheoreticalstudiesofradiationeffectsonmammals. It summarizes the results obtained by the author over the past 30 years, most of them being of high priority. In the course of these studies, a single approach to the modeling of radiation effects on mammals has been elaborated. Speci?cally, in the framework of the developed deterministic mathematical models, the effects of both acute and chronic irradiation in a wide range of doses and dose rates on vital body systems (hematopoiesis, small intestine, and humoral immunity), as well as on the development of autoimmune diseases, are investigated. The radiation effects on the mortality dynamics in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous(in radiosensitivity) mammalian populations are also studied by making use of the developed stochastic models. The most appealing feature of these mortality models consists of the fact that they account for the intrinsic properties of the exposed organism. Namely, within these models the stochastic biometrical functions are calculated proceeding from statistical characteristics and dynamics of the respective critical body system (hematopoiesis or small intestine). The performed theoretical investigations contribute to the development of the system and quantitative approaches in radiation biology and ecology. These studies elucidate the major regulatory mechanisms of the damage and recovery processes running in the vital body systems of exposed mammals and reveal the key par- eters characterizing the processes.

Dr. Olga Andreevna Smirnova is currently a physicist and researcher at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Research and Technical Center of Radiation-Chemical Safety and Hygiene, Moscow, Russia. She received her Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences degree from Moscow State University, Russia. Dr. Smirnova's fields of study and expertise are modeling the dynamics of various biological systems in mammals exposed to acute/chronic radiation. Dr. Smirnova is associate member of the Scientific Commision F (Life Sciences as Related to Space) of Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). She has authored over 140 articles published in scientific journals and scientific monographs in the fields of mathematical modeling, biophysics, and space science.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Smirnova, Olga A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Environmental Radiation Effects on Mammals;2
1.1;Preface;5
1.2;Acknowledgments;7
1.3;Contents;8
1.4;Chapter 1 Introduction;11
1.4.1;References;12
1.5;Chapter 2 Radiation Effects on the Blood-Forming System;17
1.5.1;2.1 Introduction;17
1.5.2;2.2 The Essentials of Hematopoiesis;18
1.5.3;2.3 Review of Mathematical Models of the Blood-Forming System;18
1.5.4;2.4 Master Model of Hematopoiesis;19
1.5.5;2.5 Thrombocytopoiesis Dynamics in Mammals Unexposed and Exposed to Acute/Chronic Irradiation;25
1.5.6;2.6 Lymphopoiesis Dynamics in Mammals Unexposed and Exposed to Acute/Chronic Irradiation;35
1.5.7;2.7 Erythropoiesis Dynamics in Mammals Unexposed and Exposed to Acute/Chronic Irradiation;44
1.5.8;2.8 Granulocytopoiesis Dynamics in Mammals Unexposed and Exposed to Acute/Chronic Irradiation;50
1.5.9;2.9 Acquired Radioresistance of Hematopoiesis System after Single Preirradiation;60
1.5.10;2.10 Acquired Radioresistance of Hematopoiesis System after Chronic Preirradiation;68
1.5.11;2.11 Thrombocytopoiesis Dynamics in Nonirradiated and Irradiated Humans;74
1.5.12;2.12 Thrombocytopoiesis Dynamics in Astronautsduring Mars Missions;82
1.5.13;2.13 Granulocytopoiesis Dynamics in Nonirradiated and Irradiated Humans;87
1.5.14;2.14 Granulocytopoiesis Dynamics in Astronautsduring Mars Missions;94
1.5.15;2.15 Conclusions;99
1.5.16;References;102
1.6;Chapter 3 The Small Intestine as a Target for Radiation;110
1.6.1;3.1 Introduction;110
1.6.2;3.2 The Essentials of the Small Intestine;110
1.6.3;3.3 Review of Mathematical Models of the Small IntestinalEpithelium;111
1.6.4;3.4 Dynamical Model of the Small Intestinal Epithelium in Nonirradiated Mammals;113
1.6.5;3.5 Dynamics of the Small Intestinal Epitheliumunder Chronic Irradiation;115
1.6.6;3.6 Dynamics of the Small Intestinal Epithelium after AcuteIrradiation;122
1.6.7;3.7 Conclusions;125
1.6.8;References;126
1.7;Chapter 4 Radiation and Humoral Immunity;129
1.7.1;4.1 Introduction;129
1.7.2;4.2 The Essentials of Immunity;130
1.7.3;4.3 Dynamical Model of the Humoral Immune Response to a T-independent Antigen in Nonirradiated Mammals;132
1.7.4;4.4 Humoral Immunity in Mammals Exposed to Chronic Irradiation;138
1.7.5;4.5 Humoral Immunity in Mammals Exposed to Acute Irradiation;146
1.7.6;4.6 Conclusions;152
1.7.7;References;152
1.8;Chapter 5 Modeling of Autoimmune Processes;158
1.8.1;5.1 Introduction;158
1.8.2;5.2 The Essentials of Autoimmunity;158
1.8.3;5.3 Dynamical Model of Autoimmunity in Nonirradiated Mammals;159
1.8.4;5.4 Autoimmune Reactions Induced by Chronic Irradiation;164
1.8.5;5.5 Autoimmune Reactions Induced by Acute Irradiation;171
1.8.6;5.6 Conclusions;173
1.8.7;References;174
1.9;Chapter 6 Individual-Based Approach to Radiation Risk Assessment;177
1.9.1;6.1 Introduction;177
1.9.2;6.2 Model of Radiation-Induced Mortality for a Homogeneous Mammalian Population;177
1.9.3;6.3 Mortality Dynamics in a Homogeneous Population: Gastrointestinal Subsyndrome of Acute Radiation Syndrome;182
1.9.4;6.4 Mortality Dynamics in a Homogeneous Population: Hematopoietic Subsyndrome of Acute Radiation Syndrome;188
1.9.5;6.5 Model of Radiation-Induced Mortality for a Nonhomogeneous (in Radiosensitivity) Mammalian Population;192
1.9.6;6.6 Populations with Normal and Log-Normal Distributions of Specimens in Radiosensitivity Index of Critical System Cells;196
1.9.7;6.7 Mortality Dynamics in a Nonhomogeneous Population: Gastrointestinal Subsyndrome of Acute Radiation Syndrome;200
1.9.8;6.8 Mortality Dynamics in a Nonhomogeneous Population: Hematopoietic Subsyndrome of Acute Radiation Syndrome;206
1.9.9;6.9 Conclusions;211
1.9.10;References;213
1.10;Conclusions;216
1.11;Index;218