Smallman Modern Physical Metallurgy

3. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-3579-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 558 Seiten, Web PDF

Modern Physical Metallurgy, Third Edition discusses the fundamental principles of physical metallurgy and demonstrates how the application of the principles leads to a clearer understanding of many technologically important metallurgical phenomena. This book covers the substantial developments in the microstructural examination of metals using X-ray microanalysis, strengthening of metals, and surface and interface behavior. Numerical problems on crystallography, constitution and microstructure, diffraction, diffusion, defect theory, and thermodynamics are also provided in this publication. This edition is useful for all undergraduate degree courses in metallurgy and materials in both universities and polytechnics. The large range of topics included, from superconductivity to superplasticity and from macroscopic plasticity to fracture toughness, gives students sufficient background to the fundamental principles and practical details for examination requirements.

After gaining his PhD in 1953, Professor Smallman spent five years at the Atomic Energy ResearchEstablishment at Harwell before returning to the University of Birmingham, where he became Professorof Physical Metallurgy in 1964 and Feeney Professor and Head of the Department of PhysicalMetallurgy and Science of Materials in 1969. He subsequently became Head of the amalgamatedDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials (1981), Dean of the Faculty of Science and Engineering, andthe first Dean of the newly created Engineering Faculty in 1985. For five years he wasVice-Principalof the University (1987-92).He has held visiting professorship appointments at the University of Stanford, Berkeley, Pennsylvania(USA), New SouthWales (Australia), Hong Kong and Cape Town, and has received HonoraryDoctorates from the University of Novi Sad (Yugoslavia), University ofWales and Cranfield University.His research work has been recognized by the award of the Sir George Beilby Gold Medal of theRoyal Institute of Chemistry and Institute of Metals (1969), the Rosenhain Medal of the Institute ofMetals for contributions to Physical Metallurgy (1972), the Platinum Medal, the premier medal ofthe Institute of Materials (1989), and the Acta Materialia Gold Medal (2004).Hewas elected a Fellowof the Royal Society (1986), a Fellowof the RoyalAcademy of Engineering(1990), a Foreign Associate of the United States National Academy of Engineering (2005), andappointed a Commander of the British Empire (CBE) in 1992. A former Council Member of theScience and Engineering Research Council, he has been Vice-President of the Institute of Materialsand President of the Federated European Materials Societies. Since retirement he has been academicconsultant for a number of institutions both in the UK and overseas.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Smallman, R. E.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Modern Physical Metallurgy;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION;6
6;PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION;8
7;CHAPTER 1. THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS AND CRYSTALS;16
7.1;1.1. Metallic Characteristics;16
7.2;1.2. The Atom;16
7.3;1.3. The Nomenclature of the Electronic States in an Atom;19
7.4;1.4. The Periodic Table;20
7.5;1.5. Chemical Behaviour and the Metallic Bond;23
7.6;1.6. Arrangement of Atoms in Metals;26
7.7;1.7. Electrons in Metal Crystals;30
7.8;1.8. Metals and Insulators;35
7.9;1.9. Real Crystals and Imperfections;36
7.10;APPENDIX. THE ELEMENTS OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY;38
7.11;1.10. Notation for Denoting Crystal Planes and Directions;38
7.12;1.11. The Stereographic Projection;41
8;CHAPTER 2. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO METALLURGY;46
8.1;2.1. Solidification of Pure Metals;46
8.2;2.2. Metallography;47
8.3;2.3. The Equilibrium Diagram;55
8.4;2.4. X-ray, Neutron and Electron Diffraction;72
8.5;2.5. Mechanical Properties;100
8.6;2.6. Physical Properties;108
9;CHAPTER 3. THERMODYNAMICS OF CRYSTALS;116
9.1;3.1. Introduction;116
9.2;3.2. The Effect of Temperature on Metal Crystals;116
9.3;3.3. Specific Heat Curve and Transformations;119
9.4;3.4. Heat Content, Entropy and Free Energy;120
9.5;3.5. The Statistical Nature of Entropy;123
9.6;3.6. Free Energy of Transformation;125
9.7;3.7. The Variation of Free Energy with Temperature, and Polymorphism;126
9.8;3.8. Thermodynamics of Lattice Defects;129
9.9;3.9. The Rate of Reaction;133
9.10;3.10. The Mechanism of Phase Changes;135
9.11;3.11. The Equilibrium Diagram;138
9.12;3.12. Diffusion;143
9.13;3.13. Anelasticity and Internal Friction;150
10;CHAPTER 4. THE STRUCTURE OF ALLOYS;155
10.1;4.1. Introduction;155
10.2;4.2. Primary Substitutional Solid Solutions;155
10.3;4.3. The Form of the Liquidus and Solidus Curves;159
10.4;4.4. The Primary Solid Solubility Boundary;160
10.5;4.5. Interstitial Solid Solutions;165
10.6;4.6. Intermediate Phases;167
10.7;4.7. Order–Disorder Phenomena;172
10.8;4.8. The Magnetic Properties of Metals and Alloys;182
10.9;4.9. The Electronic Structure of the Transition Metals;190
10.10;4.10. Semiconductors;195
10.11;4.11. Superconductivity;198
11;CHAPTER 5. DISLOCATIONS AND PLASTICITY OF CRYSTALS;204
11.1;5.1. Elastic and Plastic Deformation;204
11.2;5.2. Dislocations in Crystals;216
11.3;5.3. Dislocations in Close Packed Crystals;228
11.4;5.4. Dislocations in Hexagonal Structures;238
11.5;5.5. Dislocations in B.C.C. Lattices;243
11.6;5.6. Experimental Evidence of Dislocations;247
11.7;5.7. Electron Diffraction and Diffraction Contrast from Crystal Defects;253
11.8;5.8. Arrangements of Dislocations in Crystals;268
11.9;5.9. Origin of Dislocations;274
12;CHAPTER 6. DEFORMATION OF METALS AND ALLOYS;276
12.1;6.1. Dislocation Mobility;276
12.2;6.2. Multiplication of Dislocations;279
12.3;6.3. Influence of Grain Boundaries on the Plastic Properties of Metals;283
12.4;6.4. Mechanical Twinning;288
12.5;6.5. Work Hardening;296
12.6;6.6. Preferred Orientation;315
12.7;6.7. Texture Hardening;318
12.8;6.8. Macroscopic Plasticity;321
13;CHAPTER 7. DISLOCATIONS, SOLUTE ATOMS AND VACANCIES;328
13.1;7.1. Solute Atoms and Dislocations;328
13.2;7.2. Point Defects and Dislocations;348
13.3;7.3. Annealing;402
14;CHAPTER 8. PRECIPITATION HARDENING AND THE EUTECTOID TRANSFORMATION;420
14.1;8.1. Precipitation Hardening;420
14.2;8.2. The Decomposition of Austenite;450
15;CHAPTER 9. FRACTURE, CREEP AND FATIGUE;477
15.1;9.1. Fracture;477
15.2;9.2. Creep;497
15.3;9.3. Fatigue;514
16;CHAPTER 10. OXIDATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR;528
16.1;10.1. Introduction;528
16.2;10.2. Thermodynamics of Oxidation;528
16.3;10.3. Kinetics of Oxidation;532
16.4;10.4. The Structure of Oxides;534
16.5;10.5. Wagner's Theory of Oxidation;535
16.6;10.6. Parameters Affecting Oxidation Rates;537
16.7;10.7. Oxidation Resistance;540
16.8;10.8. Aqueous Corrosion;541
16.9;10.9. The Electrochemical Series;542
16.10;10.10. Corrosion Protection;545
16.11;10.11. Corrosion Failures;546
17;APPENDIX: UNITS AND USEFUL FACTORS;550
18;INDEX;554