Smallman / Bishop Metals and Materials

Science, Processes, Applications
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-4103-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 444 Seiten, Web PDF

Metals and Materials: Science, Processes, Applications aims to present the science of materials in a readable and concise form that leads naturally to an explanation of the ways in which materials are processed and applied. The science of metals, or physical metallurgy, has developed naturally into the wider and more diverse discipline of materials science. The study of metals and alloys still forms a large and important part of this relatively new discipline, but it's common to find that fundamental principles and concepts of physical metallurgy can be adapted to explain the behavior of a variety of non-metallic materials. As an aid to fully study this discipline, each chapter has been supplemented with a list of specialized references. These references include images and diagrams that illustrate the subtleties of materials, such as micrographs of grain structures and fine-scale defects, phase diagrams for metals and ceramics, electron diffraction patterns revealing atomic arrangements, specific property diagrams correlating the behavior of different materials, and slip vector diagrams for deforming crystals. Throughout this book, sufficient background and theory is provided to assist students in answering questions about a large part of a typical degree course in materials science and engineering. Some sections provide a background or point of entry for postgraduate studies and courses.

After gaining his PhD in 1953, Professor Smallman spent five years at the Atomic Energy ResearchEstablishment at Harwell before returning to the University of Birmingham, where he became Professorof Physical Metallurgy in 1964 and Feeney Professor and Head of the Department of PhysicalMetallurgy and Science of Materials in 1969. He subsequently became Head of the amalgamatedDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials (1981), Dean of the Faculty of Science and Engineering, andthe first Dean of the newly created Engineering Faculty in 1985. For five years he wasVice-Principalof the University (1987-92).He has held visiting professorship appointments at the University of Stanford, Berkeley, Pennsylvania(USA), New SouthWales (Australia), Hong Kong and Cape Town, and has received HonoraryDoctorates from the University of Novi Sad (Yugoslavia), University ofWales and Cranfield University.His research work has been recognized by the award of the Sir George Beilby Gold Medal of theRoyal Institute of Chemistry and Institute of Metals (1969), the Rosenhain Medal of the Institute ofMetals for contributions to Physical Metallurgy (1972), the Platinum Medal, the premier medal ofthe Institute of Materials (1989), and the Acta Materialia Gold Medal (2004).Hewas elected a Fellowof the Royal Society (1986), a Fellowof the RoyalAcademy of Engineering(1990), a Foreign Associate of the United States National Academy of Engineering (2005), andappointed a Commander of the British Empire (CBE) in 1992. A former Council Member of theScience and Engineering Research Council, he has been Vice-President of the Institute of Materialsand President of the Federated European Materials Societies. Since retirement he has been academicconsultant for a number of institutions both in the UK and overseas.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Smallman, R. E.

Bishop, R J

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Metals and Materials: Science, Processes, Applications;4
3;Copyright Page ;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;12
6;Chapter 1. The structure and bonding of atoms;14
6.1;1.1 The realm of materials science;14
6.2;1.2 The free atom;15
6.3;1.3 The Periodic Table;17
6.4;1.4 Interatomic bonding in materials;20
6.5;1.5 Bonding and energy levels;22
7;Chapter 2. Atomic arrangements in materials;24
7.1;2.1 The concept of ordering;24
7.2;2.2 Crystal lattices and structures;25
7.3;2.3 Crystal directions and planes;27
7.4;2.4 Stereographic projection;29
7.5;2.5 Selected crystal structures;32
7.6;2.6 Inorganic glasses;44
7.7;2.7 Polymeric structures;46
8;Chapter 3. Structural phases: their formation and transitions;56
8.1;3.1 Crystallization from the melt;56
8.2;3.2 Principles of applications of phase diagrams;62
8.3;3.3 Principles of alloy theory;88
8.4;3.4 The mechanism of phase changes;96
9;Chapter 4. Defects in solids;100
9.1;4.1 Types of imperfection;100
9.2;4.2 Point defects;100
9.3;4.3 Line defects;106
9.4;4.4 Planar defects;113
9.5;4.5 Volume defects;121
9.6;4.6 Defect behaviour in some real materials;122
9.7;4.7 Stability of defects;135
10;Chapter 5. The characterization of materials;143
10.1;5.1 Tools of characterization;143
10.2;5.2 Light microscopy;144
10.3;5.3 X-ray diffraction analysis;151
10.4;5.4 Analytical electron microscopy;161
10.5;5.5 Observation of defects;174
10.6;5.6 Specialized bombardment techniques;181
10.7;5.7 Thermal analysis;184
11;Chapter 6. The physical properties of materials;188
11.1;6.1 Introduction;188
11.2;6.2 Density;188
11.3;6.3 Thermal properties;188
11.4;6.4 Diffusion;193
11.5;6.5 Anelasticity and internal friction;196
11.6;6.6 Ordering in alloys;198
11.7;6.7 Electrical properties;201
11.8;6.8 Magnetic properties;209
11.9;6.9 Dielectric materials;214
11.10;6.10 Optical properties;216
12;Chapter 7. Mechanical behaviour of materials;219
12.1;7.1 Mechanical testing procedures;219
12.2;7.2 Elastic deformation;223
12.3;7.3 Plastic deformation;225
12.4;7.4 Dislocation behaviour during plastic deformation;229
12.5;7.5 Mechanical twinning;244
12.6;7.6 Strengthening and hardening mechanisms;247
12.7;7.7 Macroscopic plasticity;259
12.8;7.8 Annealing;260
12.9;7.9 Metallic creep;269
12.10;7.10 Deformation mechanism maps;276
12.11;7.11 Metallic fatigue;276
13;Chapter 8. Strengthening and toughening;284
13.1;8.1 Introduction;284
13.2;8.2 Strengthening of non-ferrous alloys by heat-treatment;284
13.3;8.3 Strengthening of steels by heat-treatment;300
13.4;8.4 Fracture and toughness;311
14;Chapter 9. Modern alloy developments;324
14.1;9.1 Introduction;324
14.2;9.2 Commercial steels;324
14.3;9.3 Cast irons;331
14.4;9.4 Superalloys;333
14.5;9.5 Titanium alloys;336
14.6;9.6 Structural intermetallic compounds;340
14.7;9.7 Aluminium alloys;344
15;Chapter 10. Ceramics and glasses;348
15.1;10.1 Classification of ceramics;348
15.2;10.2 General properties of ceramics;349
15.3;10.3 Production of ceramic powders;350
15.4;10.4 Selected engineering ceramics;351
15.5;10.5 Aspects of glass technology;374
15.6;10.6 The time-dependency of strength in ceramics and glasses;377
16;Chapter 11. Plastics and composites;381
16.1;11.1 Utilization of polymeric materials;381
16.2;11.2 Behaviour of plastics during processing;381
16.3;11.3 Fibre-reinforced composite materials;392
17;Chapter 12. Corrosion and surface engineering;408
17.1;12.1 The engineering importance of surfaces;408
17.2;12.2 Metallic corrosion;408
17.3;12.3 Surface engineering;420
18;Appendices;427
18.1;1 SI units;427
18.2;2 Conversion factors, constants and physical data;429
19;Figure references;431
20;Index;434