Skolnik Essential Infectious Disease Topics for Primary Care

1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-1-60327-034-2
Verlag: Humana Press
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 312 Seiten

Reihe: Current Clinical Practice

This book provides an easy to use, practical, yet comprehensive resource for family practitioners to use in the daily struggle against infectious diseases. It discusses vaccines and preventive measures as well as information on how to reduce the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms by judiciously prescribing antibiotics and informing patients about the appropriate use of these agents. This up-to-date overview is a one stop source for evidence-based guidelines.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Skolnik, Neil S.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Table of Contents;8
3;Contributors;10
4;Part I;13
4.1;Chapter 1;14
4.1.1;Clinical Guidelines;14
4.1.1.1;Overview and Epidemiology;14
4.1.1.2;Likely Pathogens in CAP;15
4.1.1.3;Chest Radiography;15
4.1.1.4;Other Diagnostic Testing;15
4.1.1.5;Specific Pathogen Testing;16
4.1.1.5.1;S. pneumoniae;16
4.1.1.5.2;Legionella Species;16
4.1.1.5.3;C. pneumoniae;17
4.1.1.5.4;Viral Pneumonia;17
4.1.1.5.5;Site of Treatment Decision;18
4.1.1.5.6;Empiric Therapy;18
4.1.1.6;Specific Antibacterial Agents;20
4.1.1.6.1;Macrolides;20
4.1.1.6.2;Ketolides;20
4.1.1.6.3;Amoxicillin;21
4.1.1.6.4;Amoxicillin-Clavulanate;21
4.1.1.6.5;Cephalosporins;21
4.1.1.6.6;Doxycycline;21
4.1.1.6.7;Fluoroquinolones;21
4.1.1.6.8;Clindamycin;22
4.1.1.7;Discharge Criteria;22
4.1.1.8;Special Populations and Circumstances;22
4.1.1.8.1;Pneumonia in Elderly Persons;22
4.1.1.8.2;Pneumonia in the Context of Bioterrorism;23
4.1.1.9;Update on Performance Indicators;24
4.1.1.10;Prevention;24
4.1.1.10.1;Influenza;24
4.1.1.10.2;Pneumococcal Vaccine;24
4.1.1.11;Selected Reading;25
4.2;Chapter 2;26
4.2.1;Pharyngitis;26
4.2.1.1;Introduction;26
4.2.1.2;Pathophysiology;27
4.2.1.3;Clinical Presentation;27
4.2.1.3.1;History;27
4.2.1.3.2;Physical Exam;27
4.2.1.3.3;Clinical Guidelines;28
4.2.1.4;Laboratory Evaluation;28
4.2.1.5;Differential Diagnosis;29
4.2.1.6;Treatment;30
4.2.1.7;Complications;31
4.2.1.8;Suggestions for Evaluation and Management;33
4.2.1.9;References;34
4.3;Chapter 3;36
4.3.1;Treatment and Management of Acute Otitis Media;36
4.3.1.1;Epidemiology and Risk Factors;36
4.3.1.2;Bacteriology and Vaccine Effects;37
4.3.1.3;Diagnosis of AOM;37
4.3.1.4;Treatment of Otitis Media;38
4.3.1.5;Observation Versus Immediate Treatment for AOM;38
4.3.1.6;Antibiotic Treatment of Otitis Media;39
4.3.1.6.1;Tympanostomy Tubes, Tympanostomy, and Adenoidectomy;41
4.3.1.7;Summary and Recommendations;41
4.3.1.8;References;42
4.4;Chapter 4;44
4.4.1;Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations and Acute Bronchitis;44
4.4.1.1;Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease;44
4.4.1.1.1;Pathogenesis;44
4.4.1.1.2;Risk Factors;44
4.4.1.1.3;Diagnosis;45
4.4.1.1.4;Inpatient Versus Outpatient Management;46
4.4.1.1.5;Management;47
4.4.1.1.5.1;Supplemental Oxygen;47
4.4.1.1.5.2;Bronchodilator Therapy;47
4.4.1.1.5.3;Corticosteroid Therapy;47
4.4.1.1.5.4;Antibiotics;48
4.4.1.1.5.5;Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation;49
4.4.1.1.5.6;Invasive Ventilation;49
4.4.1.1.5.7;Other Beneficial Treatments;51
4.4.1.1.6;Discharge Planning;51
4.4.1.2;Acute Bronchitis;51
4.4.1.2.1;Evaluation;52
4.4.1.2.2;Etiology;52
4.4.1.2.3;Management;52
4.4.1.3;References;53
4.5;Chapter 5;56
4.5.1;Latent Tuberculosis Infection;56
4.5.1.1;Introduction;56
4.5.1.2;Pathophysiology;57
4.5.1.3;Risk of Active TB;57
4.5.1.4;Screening for TB;58
4.5.1.5;Diagnosis of Active TB;58
4.5.1.6;Testing For TB;59
4.5.1.6.1;Positive Test Criterion;60
4.5.1.7;Other Diagnostic Tests;61
4.5.1.7.1;Chest Radiograph;61
4.5.1.7.2;Acid-Fast Bacilli Testing;62
4.5.1.7.3;Sputum Examination for AFB;62
4.5.1.7.4;Sputum Culture;62
4.5.1.7.5;Rapid Sputum Testing;63
4.5.1.7.6;Testing in Children;63
4.5.1.7.7;Treatment of LTBI;63
4.5.1.8;Special Considerations;66
4.5.1.9;References;66
4.6;Chapter 6;68
4.6.1;Acute Sinusitis;68
4.6.1.1;Introduction;68
4.6.1.2;Pathophysiology;68
4.6.1.3;Epidemiology;69
4.6.1.4;Clinical Presentation and Differential Diagnosis;69
4.6.1.5;Diagnosis;70
4.6.1.6;Treatment;72
4.6.1.6.1;Duration;73
4.6.1.6.2;Other Treatments;73
4.6.1.6.3;Nasal Steroids;74
4.6.1.7;Summary;74
4.6.1.8;Suggested Reading;75
5;Part II;76
5.1;Chapter 7;78
5.1.1;Gastroenteritis;78
5.1.1.1;Introduction;78
5.1.1.2;Pathophysiology;78
5.1.1.3;Clinical Presentation;90
5.1.1.3.1;History;90
5.1.1.3.2;Physical Exam;91
5.1.1.3.3;Laboratory Tests;92
5.1.1.3.4;Differential Diagnosis;92
5.1.1.4;Treatment;93
5.1.1.5;Conclusions;95
5.1.1.6;Suggested Reading;95
5.2;Chapter 8;96
5.2.1;Hepatitis;96
5.2.1.1;Introduction;96
5.2.1.2;Hepatitis A;96
5.2.1.2.1;Introduction;96
5.2.1.2.2;Pathophysiology;96
5.2.1.2.3;Clinical Presentation (History and Physical Exam);97
5.2.1.2.4;Laboratory Investigations;97
5.2.1.2.5;Differential Diagnosis and Differentiating Features;98
5.2.1.2.6;Treatment;99
5.2.1.2.7;Expected Outcomes and Complications;99
5.2.1.2.8;Prevention and Screening;99
5.2.1.3;Hepatitis B;100
5.2.1.3.1;Introduction;100
5.2.1.3.2;Pathophysiology;100
5.2.1.3.3;Clinical Presentation (History and Physical Exam);101
5.2.1.3.4;Laboratory Investigations;101
5.2.1.3.5;Differential Diagnosis;101
5.2.1.3.6;Treatment;103
5.2.1.3.7;Expected Outcomes and Complications;103
5.2.1.3.8;Prevention;103
5.2.1.4;Hepatitis C;104
5.2.1.4.1;Introduction;104
5.2.1.4.2;Pathophysiology;105
5.2.1.4.3;Clinical Presentation (History and Physical Exam);105
5.2.1.4.4;Laboratory Investigations;105
5.2.1.4.5;Differential Diagnosis and Differentiating Features-See Hepatitis A and B;107
5.2.1.4.5.1;Treatment;107
5.2.1.4.5.2;Expected Outcomes and Complication;107
5.2.1.4.5.3;Prevention;108
5.2.1.5;Hepatitis D;108
5.2.1.5.1;Introduction;108
5.2.1.5.2;Pathophysiology;109
5.2.1.5.3;Clinical Presentation (History, Physical Exam, and Laboratory Investigations);109
5.2.1.5.4;Treatment;110
5.2.1.5.5;Expected Outcomes and Complications;110
5.2.1.5.6;Prevention;110
5.2.1.6;Hepatitis E;111
5.2.1.6.1;Introduction;111
5.2.1.6.2;Pathophysiology;111
5.2.1.6.3;Clinical Presentation (History, Physical Exam, and Laboratory Investigations);111
5.2.1.6.4;Treatment;111
5.2.1.6.5;Expected Outcomes and Complications;111
5.2.1.6.6;Prevention;112
5.2.1.7;References;112
6;Part III;114
6.1;Chapter 9;116
6.1.1;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;116
6.1.1.1;Partner Management;116
6.1.1.2;Special Populations;117
6.1.1.2.1;Adolescents;117
6.1.1.2.2;Men Who Have Sex with Men;117
6.1.1.3;Detection of HIV Infection:Screening and Diagnostic Testing;117
6.1.1.4;Diseases Characterized by Genital Ulcers;118
6.1.1.4.1;Management of Patients Who Have Genital Ulcers;118
6.1.1.4.2;Chancroid;118
6.1.1.4.2.1;Diagnosis;118
6.1.1.4.2.2;Treatment;118
6.1.1.4.3;Genital HSV Infections;119
6.1.1.4.3.1;Diagnosis;119
6.1.1.4.3.2;Treatment;119
6.1.1.4.3.3;Severe Disease;121
6.1.1.4.3.4;Special Situations;121
6.1.1.4.4;Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis);122
6.1.1.4.4.1;Recommended Regimen;122
6.1.1.4.4.2;Alternative Regimens;122
6.1.1.4.4.3;Special Considerations;123
6.1.1.4.5;Lymphogranuloma Venereum;123
6.1.1.4.5.1;Treatment;124
6.1.1.4.5.2;Special Considerations;124
6.1.1.5;Syphilis;124
6.1.1.5.1;General Principles;124
6.1.1.5.1.1;Background;124
6.1.1.5.1.2;Serologic Testing;125
6.1.1.5.1.3;Treatment;125
6.1.1.5.1.4;Management of Sex Partners;125
6.1.1.5.2;Primary and Secondary Syphilis;126
6.1.1.5.2.1;Recommended Regimen for Adults;126
6.1.1.5.2.2;Other Management Considerations;126
6.1.1.5.2.3;Follow-Up;126
6.1.1.5.2.4;Special Considerations;126
6.1.1.5.3;Latent Syphilis;127
6.1.1.5.3.1;Treatment;127
6.1.1.5.4;Tertiary Syphilis;129
6.1.1.5.4.1;Recommended Regimen;129
6.1.1.5.4.2;Other Management Considerations;129
6.1.1.5.4.3;Special Considerations;129
6.1.1.5.5;Neurosyphilis;130
6.1.1.5.5.1;Treatment;130
6.1.1.5.5.2;Follow-Up;130
6.1.1.5.5.3;Special Considerations;131
6.1.1.5.6;Syphilis in HIV-Infected Persons;131
6.1.1.5.6.1;Diagnostic Considerations;131
6.1.1.5.6.2;Treatment;131
6.1.1.5.7;Primary and Secondary Syphilis in HIV-Infected Persons;131
6.1.1.5.7.1;Treatment;131
6.1.1.5.7.2;Other Management Considerations;132
6.1.1.5.7.3;Special Considerations;132
6.1.1.5.8;Latent Syphilis in HIV-Infected Persons;132
6.1.1.5.8.1;Diagnostic Considerations;132
6.1.1.5.8.2;Treatment;133
6.1.1.5.8.3;Special Considerations;133
6.1.1.5.9;Syphilis During Pregnancy;133
6.1.1.5.9.1;Diagnostic Considerations;133
6.1.1.5.9.2;Treatment;133
6.1.1.5.9.3;Recommended Regimen;134
6.1.1.5.9.4;Other Management Considerations;134
6.1.1.5.9.5;Follow-Up;134
6.1.1.5.9.6;Special Considerations;134
6.1.1.6;Diseases Characterized by Urethritis and Cervicitis;135
6.1.1.6.1;Management of Male Patients Who Have Urethritis;135
6.1.1.6.1.1;Etiology;135
6.1.1.6.1.2;Confirmed Urethritis;135
6.1.1.6.2;Management of Patients Who Have Nongonococcal Urethritis Diagnosis;136
6.1.1.6.2.1;Treatment;136
6.1.1.6.2.1.1;Recommended Regimens;136
6.1.1.6.2.1.2;Alternative Regimens;136
6.1.1.6.2.2;Follow-Up for Patients Who Have Urethritis;136
6.1.1.6.2.3;Recurrent and Persistent Urethritis;137
6.1.1.6.2.3.1;Recommended Regimens;137
6.1.1.6.3;Management of Patients Who Have Cervicitis;137
6.1.1.6.3.1;Etiology;137
6.1.1.6.3.2;Diagnosis;138
6.1.1.6.3.3;Treatment;138
6.1.1.6.3.3.1;Recommended Regimens for Presumptive Treatment;138
6.1.1.6.4;Management of Sex Partners;138
6.1.1.6.4.1;Special Considerations;139
6.1.1.6.4.1.1;HIV Infection;139
6.1.1.7;Chlamydial Infections;139
6.1.1.7.1;Chlamydial Infections in Adolescents and Adults;139
6.1.1.7.2;Diagnostic Considerations;139
6.1.1.7.3;Treatmen;139
6.1.1.7.3.1;Recommended Regimens;140
6.1.1.7.3.2;Alternative Regimens;140
6.1.1.7.3.3;Follow-Up;140
6.1.1.7.3.4;Management of Sex Partners;140
6.1.1.7.3.5;Special Considerations;141
6.1.1.7.3.6;Recommended Regimens;141
6.1.1.7.3.7;Alternative Regimens;141
6.1.1.8;Gonococcal Infections;142
6.1.1.8.1;Gonococcal Infections in Adolescents and Adults;142
6.1.1.8.2;Diagnostic Considerations;142
6.1.1.8.2.1;Dual Therapy for Gonococcal and Chlamydial Infections;142
6.1.1.8.3;Quinolone-Resistant N. gonorrhoeae;142
6.1.1.8.4;Uncomplicated Gonococcal Infections of the Cervix, Urethra, and Rectum;143
6.1.1.8.4.1;Recommended Regimens;143
6.1.1.8.4.2;Alternative Regimens;144
6.1.1.8.5;Uncomplicated Gonococcal Infections of the Pharynx;144
6.1.1.8.5.1;Recommended Regimens;144
6.1.1.8.5.2;Follow-Up;144
6.1.1.8.5.3;Management of Sex Partners;144
6.1.1.8.5.4;Special Considerations;145
6.1.1.8.6;Gonococcal Conjunctivitis;146
6.1.1.8.6.1;Recommended Regimen;146
6.1.1.8.7;Disseminated Gonococcal Infection;146
6.1.1.8.7.1;Treatment;146
6.1.1.8.8;Gonococcal Meningitis and Endocarditis;147
6.1.1.8.8.1;Recommended Regimen;147
6.1.1.9;Diseases Characterized by Vaginal Discharge;147
6.1.1.9.1;Management of Patients Who Have Vaginal Infections;147
6.1.1.9.2;Bacterial Vaginosis;148
6.1.1.9.3;Diagnostic Considerations;148
6.1.1.9.4;Treatment;148
6.1.1.9.4.1;Recommended Regimens;149
6.1.1.9.4.2;Alternative Regimens;149
6.1.1.9.5;Management of Sex Partners;150
6.1.1.9.5.1;Special Considerations;150
6.1.1.9.5.1.1;Allergy or Intolerance to the Recommended Therapy;150
6.1.1.9.5.1.2;Pregnancy;150
6.1.1.9.5.1.3;HIV Infection;151
6.1.1.9.5.2;Trichomoniasis;151
6.1.1.9.5.2.1;Recommended Regimens;152
6.1.1.9.5.2.2;Alternative Regimen;152
6.1.1.9.5.2.3;Follow-Up;152
6.1.1.9.5.2.4;Management of Sex Partners;152
6.1.1.9.5.2.5;Special Considerations;152
6.1.1.9.5.3;Vulvovaginal Candidiasis;153
6.1.1.9.5.3.1;Uncomplicated VVC;153
6.1.1.9.5.3.2;Complicated VVC;155
6.1.1.9.5.3.3;Severe VVC;156
6.1.1.9.5.3.4;Nonalbicans VVC;156
6.1.1.9.5.3.5;Compromised Host;156
6.1.1.9.5.3.6;Pregnancy;156
6.1.1.9.5.3.7;HIV Infection;156
6.1.1.9.5.4;Pelvic Inflammatory Disease;156
6.1.1.9.5.4.1;Diagnostic Considerations;157
6.1.1.9.5.4.2;Treatment;158
6.1.1.9.5.4.3;Parenteral Treatment;158
6.1.1.9.5.4.4;Oral Treatment;159
6.1.1.9.5.4.4.1;Follow-Up;160
6.1.1.9.5.4.4.2;Management of Sex Partners;161
6.1.1.9.5.4.4.3;Prevention;161
6.1.1.9.5.4.4.4;Special Considerations;161
6.1.1.9.5.5;Epididymitis;161
6.1.1.9.5.5.1;Diagnostic Considerations;162
6.1.1.9.5.5.2;Treatment;162
6.1.1.9.5.5.3;Management of Sex Partners;163
6.1.1.9.5.5.4;Special Considerations;163
6.1.1.9.5.6;HPV Infection;163
6.1.1.9.5.6.1;HPV Tests;163
6.1.1.9.5.6.2;Treatment;163
6.1.1.9.5.7;Genital Warts;164
6.1.1.9.5.7.1;Treatment;164
6.1.1.9.5.7.2;Counseling Genital HPV Infection;166
6.1.1.9.5.7.3;Management of Sex Partners;166
6.1.1.9.5.7.4;Special Considerations;167
6.1.1.10;Cervical Cancer Screening for Women Who Attend STD Clinics or Have a History of STDs;167
6.1.1.10.1;Vaccine Preventable STDs;167
6.1.1.10.1.1;Hepatitis A;167
6.1.1.10.1.1.1;Diagnosis;168
6.1.1.10.1.1.2;Treatment;168
6.1.1.10.1.1.3;Prevention;168
6.1.1.10.1.1.4;Preexposure Immunization;168
6.1.1.10.1.1.5;Prevaccination Serologic Testing for Susceptibility;168
6.1.1.10.1.1.6;Postvaccination Serologic Testing;168
6.1.1.10.1.1.7;Postexposure Prophylaxis;169
6.1.1.10.1.2;Hepatitis B;169
6.1.1.10.1.2.1;Diagnosis;169
6.1.1.10.1.2.2;Treatment;169
6.1.1.10.1.2.3;Prevention;169
6.1.1.10.1.2.4;Postexposure Prophylaxis;170
6.1.1.10.1.3;Hepatitis C;171
6.1.1.10.1.3.1;Proctitis, Proctocolitis, and Enteritis;171
6.1.1.10.1.3.1.1;Treatment;171
6.1.1.10.1.3.2;Ectoparasitic Infections;172
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.1;Pediculosis Pubis;172
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.1.1;Recommended Regimens;172
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.1.2;Alternative Regimens;172
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.1.3;Other Management Considerations;172
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.1.4;Follow-Up;173
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.1.5;Special Considerations;173
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.2;Scabies;173
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.2.1;Recommended Regimen;173
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.2.2;Alternative Regimens;173
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.2.3;Other Management Considerations;173
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.2.4;Crusted Scabies;173
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.2.5;Follow-Up;174
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.2.6;Management of Sex Partners and Household Contacts;174
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.2.7;Management of Outbreaks in Communities, Nursing Homes, and Other Institutional Settings;174
6.1.1.10.1.3.2.2.8;Special Considerations;174
6.1.1.10.1.3.3;Sexual Assault and STDs;174
6.1.1.10.1.3.3.1;Adults and Adolescents;174
6.1.1.10.1.3.3.2;Evaluation for Sexually Transmitted Infections Initial Examination;175
6.1.1.10.1.3.3.3;Follow-Up Examinations;175
6.1.1.10.1.3.3.4;Prophylaxis;175
6.1.1.10.1.3.3.5;Recommended Regimens;176
6.1.1.10.1.3.3.6;Risk for Acquiring HIV Infection;176
6.1.1.11;Bibliography;177
6.2;Chapter 10;178
6.2.1;Human Immunodeficiency Virus;178
6.2.1.1;Introduction;178
6.2.1.2;Pathophysiology;179
6.2.1.3;Clinical Presentation;179
6.2.1.4;OIs and Treatment;179
6.2.1.5;Differential Diagnosis;183
6.2.1.6;HIV Testing and Laboratory Studies;183
6.2.1.7;Treatment of HIV Infection;184
6.2.1.8;Development of Resistance and Treatment Failure;189
6.2.1.9;Pregnancy in the HIV-Positive Patient;190
6.2.1.10;Care of Infants and HIV-Positive Children;192
6.2.1.11;Postexposure Prophylaxis;192
6.2.1.12;Special Situations;196
6.2.1.13;Resources for Consultation;196
6.2.1.14;Bibliography;196
7;Part IV;198
7.1;Chapter 11;200
7.1.1;Cellulitis and Skin Infections Associated with Bites;200
7.1.1.1;Introduction;200
7.1.1.2;Cellulitis and Erysipelas;200
7.1.1.2.1;Pathophysiology;200
7.1.1.2.2;Bacteriology;201
7.1.1.2.3;Clinical Appearance and Differential Diagnosis;203
7.1.1.2.4;Invasive SSTI;203
7.1.1.2.4.1;Necrotizing Fasciitis;203
7.1.1.2.4.2;Pyomyositis;204
7.1.1.2.5;Noninfectious Conditions with Similar Appearance;204
7.1.1.2.5.1;Contact Dermatitis, Fixed Drug Reaction, Insect Bites, and Stings;205
7.1.1.2.5.2;Stasis Dermatitis;205
7.1.1.2.5.3;Wells Syndrome;205
7.1.1.2.5.4;Sweets Syndrome;205
7.1.1.2.5.5;Superficial Thrombophlebitis;205
7.1.1.2.5.6;Deep Venous Thrombosis;205
7.1.1.2.5.7;Acute Gouty Arthritis;205
7.1.1.2.5.8;Carcinoma Erysipelatoides;206
7.1.1.2.6;Diagnostic Studies;206
7.1.1.2.7;Treatment;206
7.1.1.2.8;Prevention of Recurrence;208
7.1.1.3;Skin Infections Associated with Bites;208
7.1.1.3.1;Dog and Cat Bites;209
7.1.1.3.1.1;Dog Bites;209
7.1.1.3.1.2;Cat Bite;209
7.1.1.3.1.3;Bacteriology;209
7.1.1.3.1.4;Initial Wound Management;209
7.1.1.3.1.5;Antibiotics;210
7.1.1.3.1.6;Immunization;210
7.1.1.3.2;Human Bites;211
7.1.1.3.2.1;Bacteriology;211
7.1.1.3.2.2;Wound Management and Antibiotics;211
7.1.1.4;References and Further Reading;212
7.2;Chapter 12;214
7.2.1;Diabetic Foot Infections;214
7.2.1.1;Introduction;214
7.2.1.2;Pathophysiology;214
7.2.1.3;Clinical Presentation;215
7.2.1.4;History;216
7.2.1.5;Physical Exam;216
7.2.1.6;Laboratory Investigations and Tests;217
7.2.1.7;Differential Diagnosis;219
7.2.1.8;Treatment;219
7.2.1.9;Expected Outcomes;222
7.2.1.10;Bibliography;222
7.3;Chapter 13;224
7.3.1;Osteomyelitis;224
7.3.1.1;Introduction;224
7.3.1.2;Pathophysiology;224
7.3.1.3;Acute Osteomyelitis;225
7.3.1.4;Chronic Osteomyelitis;226
7.3.1.5;Diagnosis;226
7.3.1.6;Laboratory Tests;227
7.3.1.7;Radiology;228
7.3.1.8;Treatment;229
7.3.1.9;Surgical Therapy;229
7.3.1.10;Medical Therapy;230
7.3.1.11;Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy;231
7.3.1.12;Follow-Up;231
7.3.1.13;Prognosis;232
7.3.1.14;Prevention;232
7.3.1.15;Conclusion;233
7.3.1.16;References;233
7.4;Chapter 14;236
7.4.1;Septic Arthritis and Infectious Bursitis;236
7.4.1.1;Introduction;236
7.4.1.2;Background;236
7.4.1.3;Pathogenesis;237
7.4.1.4;Presentation;238
7.4.1.5;Diagnosis;239
7.4.1.6;Bacteriology;241
7.4.1.7;Treatment;242
7.4.1.8;Conclusion;244
7.4.1.9;References;244
7.5;Chapter 15;246
7.5.1;Lyme Disease Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment;246
7.5.1.1;Prevention and Prophylaxis;246
7.5.1.2;Diagnosis;247
7.5.1.3;Treatment of Early Lyme Disease;248
7.5.1.3.1;Lyme Meningitis and Other Manifestations of Early Neurologic Lyme Disease;248
7.5.1.4;Treatment of Late Lyme Disease;250
7.5.1.5;Post-Lyme Disease Syndromes;250
7.5.1.6;Summary and Recommendations;250
7.5.1.7;References;250
8;Part V;252
8.1;Chapter 16;254
8.1.1;Infective Endocarditis;254
8.1.1.1;Introduction;254
8.1.1.2;Pathophysiology;254
8.1.1.3;Clinical Presentation;256
8.1.1.4;Treatment;258
8.1.1.5;Complications;259
8.1.1.6;Antibiotic Prophylaxis;260
8.1.1.7;References;262
8.1.1.8;Suggested Reading;262
8.2;Chapter 17;264
8.2.1;Meningitis;264
8.2.1.1;Introduction;264
8.2.1.2;Pathophysiology;264
8.2.1.3;Clinical Presentation;265
8.2.1.4;Differential Diagnosis;266
8.2.1.5;Treatment;267
8.2.1.6;Outcome and Complications;268
8.2.1.7;Additional Information;269
8.2.1.8;Suggested Reading;269
8.3;Chapter 18;270
8.3.1;Urinary Tract Infections;270
8.3.1.1;Introduction;270
8.3.1.2;Pathophysiology;270
8.3.1.3;Clinical Presentation;272
8.3.1.3.1;History;272
8.3.1.3.1.1;Women;273
8.3.1.3.1.2;Men;273
8.3.1.3.1.3;Children;273
8.3.1.3.2;Physical Examination;274
8.3.1.3.2.1;Women;274
8.3.1.3.2.2;Men;274
8.3.1.3.2.3;Children;275
8.3.1.3.3;Diagnosis;275
8.3.1.3.3.1;Pregnant Women;277
8.3.1.3.3.2;Men;277
8.3.1.3.3.3;Children;277
8.3.1.3.4;Treatment;278
8.3.1.3.4.1;Asymptomatic Bacteriuria;278
8.3.1.3.4.2;Uncomplicated UTI;281
8.3.1.3.4.3;Complicated UTI;282
8.3.1.3.4.4;Pregnant Women;282
8.3.1.3.4.5;Men;283
8.3.1.3.4.6;Children;283
8.3.1.3.4.7;Follow-Up;284
8.3.1.4;References;284
8.4;Chapter 19;286
8.4.1;Adult Immunizations;286
8.4.1.1;Introduction;286
8.4.1.2;Hepatitis B;286
8.4.1.3;Hepatitis A;288
8.4.1.4;Measles, Mumps, and Rubella;289
8.4.1.5;Varicella and Zoster;290
8.4.1.5.1;Varicella;290
8.4.1.5.2;Zoster;291
8.4.1.6;Human Papillomaviruses;291
8.4.1.7;Pneumococcal Vaccine;292
8.4.1.8;Influenza Vaccine;293
8.4.1.9;Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis;294
8.4.1.10;Meningococcal Vaccine;296
8.4.1.11;Conclusion;297
8.4.1.12;References;297
8.5;Chapter 20;300
8.5.1;Clinical Ethics and Infectious Disease in Family Medicine;300
8.5.1.1;Introduction;300
8.5.1.2;Doesn’t the Law Resolve Most Bioethical Issues?;301
8.5.1.3;Won’t Professional Oaths and Codes Solve Ethical Issues?;301
8.5.1.4;A Framework:Case Analysis in Clinical Ethics;301
8.5.1.5;Case 1:No Harm in Asking;303
8.5.1.5.1;Step 1:Information Collection;303
8.5.1.5.2;Step 2:Ethical Evaluation;303
8.5.1.5.3;Step 3:Initiate Ethical Approach;305
8.5.1.5.4;Step 4:Review and Evaluate;305
8.5.1.6;Case 2:What We Don’t Know Can Hurt Us;306
8.5.1.6.1;Step 1:Information Collection;307
8.5.1.6.2;Step 2:Ethical Evaluation;308
8.5.1.6.3;Step 3:Initiate Ethical Approach;309
8.5.1.6.4;Step 4:Review and Evaluate Ethics;310
8.5.1.7;Summary;310
8.5.1.8;References;310
9;Index;312