Simon Neurotransmitters

Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Pharmacology, Paris, 1978
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5475-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 312 Seiten, Web PDF

Advances in Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Volume 2: Neurotransmitters contains the proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Pharmacology held in Paris, France, in 1978. The papers explore advances in the understanding of neurotransmitters, their pharmacology, and their therapeutic applications. Topics covered range from the functions of GABA to the interdependence of neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system (CNS). This volume is comprised of 24 chapters and opens with a discussion on the role of GABA systems in Huntington's disease and schizophrenia. The reader is then introduced to the stereospecific actions of GABA analogues; interactions between serotonin and noradrenalin containing neurons; immunofluorescent staining of serotonin in the CNS; and plasticity of transmitter functions in sympathetic neurons developing in cell culture. The following chapters explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla; pre-and postsynaptic regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitters; the role of GABA-ergic component in the mechanism of action of neurotropic drugs; and pre-and postsynaptic action of GABA in the mammalian spinal cord. This book will be of interest to practitioners in biosciences, pharmacology, physiology, and medicine.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Simon, P.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Neurotransmitters;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Introduction;10
6;Part I: GABA: Simple Molecule With Complex Functions;12
6.1;Chapter 1.
GABA Systems in Human Brain in Huntington's Disease and Schizophrenia;14
6.1.1;GABA RECEPTOR BINDING IN HUMAN BRAIN;14
6.1.2;GAD IN HUMAN POST-MORTEM BRAIN IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE AND SCHIZOPHRENIA;16
6.1.3;CONCLUSIONS;18
6.1.4;REFERENCES;19
6.2;Chapter 2.
Stereospecific Actions of GABA Analogues;22
6.2.1;INTRODUCTION;22
6.2.2;NEURONAL RECEPTORS FOR GABA IN THE CNS;22
6.2.3;UPTAKE SYSTEMS FOR GABA IN THE CNS;23
6.2.4;CYCLOPENTANE ANALOGUES OF GABA;24
6.2.5;'ACTIVE CONFORMATIONS' OF GABA;26
6.2.6;CONCLUSION;28
6.2.7;REFERENCES;28
6.2.8;Acknowledgement;29
6.3;Chapter 3.
Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines and the GABA System;30
6.3.1;The effects on GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition;30
6.3.2;CNS depressants and GABA release;31
6.3.3;Direct GABA-like effects of depressant drugs;32
6.3.4;Effects of depressants on responses to GABA;33
6.3.5;Effects of depressants on GABA antagonists;34
6.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;35
6.3.7;REFERENCES;35
6.4;Chapter 4.
Kinetics of GABA Action at the Crayfish Neuromuscular Junction;40
6.4.1;REFERENCES;42
6.5;Chapter 5.
A Molecular Mechanism for the Action of Benzodiazepines on GABAergic Transmission;44
6.5.1;Evidence for the interaction of BZDs with GABA mechanisms;44
6.5.2;Mechanisms by which BZD enhances GABAergic transmission;45
6.5.3;Presence of a protein modulator of the Na+-independent GABA binding in crude synaptic membranes prepared from brain;46
6.5.4;Interaction between BZDs and the endogenous modulator of the Na+- independent high affinity site for GABA;48
6.5.5;The supramolecular nature of GABA postsynaptic receptors: identification of components;50
6.5.6;REFERENCES;51
6.6;Chapter 6.
Toward a Rational Pharmacology of the GABA System;54
6.6.1;ABSTRACT;54
6.6.2;INTRODUCTION;55
6.6.3;IDENTIFYING GABA-RELEASING NEURONS IN THE VERTEBRATE CNS;56
6.6.4;GABA NEURONS PARTICIPATE IN NUMEROUS AND COMPLEX RELATIONS;59
6.6.5;GABA NEURONS AND FUNCTIONAL COORDINATION;61
6.6.6;GABA ACTION AND DEACTIVATION: AGONISTS, ANTAGONISTS, AND AMPLIFIERS;62
6.6.7;STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONS;63
6.6.8;PROPOSED COUPLED ACTION-INACTIVATION MECHANISM OF GABA FUNCTION;69
6.6.9;CONCLUDING REMARKS;71
6.6.10;REFERENCES;72
7;Part II: Interdependence of Neurotransmitter Systems in the CNS;78
7.1;Chapter 7.
Physiology and Pharmacology of Ganglionic Synapses as Models for Central Transmission;80
7.1.1;INTRODUCTION;80
7.1.2;INTRASYNAPTIC MECHANISMS;81
7.1.3;INTERSYNAPTIC MECHANISMS;83
7.1.4;MODULATION OF GANGLIONIC TRANSMISSION BY ENDOGENOUS COMPOUNDS;85
7.1.5;CONCLUSIONS;87
7.1.6;Acknowledgment;88
7.1.7;REFERENCES;88
7.2;Chapter 8.
Microphysiological and Pharmacological Studies on Transmitters in the Substantia Nigra;98
7.2.1;GABA;98
7.2.2;REFERENCES;105
7.3;Chapter 9.
Studies of the Interdependence of Neurotransmitter Systems by Microbiochemical Approaches;108
7.3.1;Introduction;108
7.3.2;Measurement of rates of neurotransmitter utilization as a research tool in neurochemical pharmacology;108
7.3.3;Relationship between nerve stimulation and the turnover rate of ACh and GABA in identified neuronal pathways;109
7.3.4;Studies on the dopaminergic regulation of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons fby measurements of TRACh and TRGABA in brain nuclei;111
7.3.5;Studies of the enkephalinergic regulation of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons by measurements of TRACh and TRGABA in brain nuclei;112
7.3.6;Studies of dopaminergic regulation of enkephalinergic neurons ofstriatum and N. accumbens;113
7.3.7;Conclusions;114
7.3.8;References;115
7.4;Chapter 10.
Role of Various Nigral Af f erences on the Activity of the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathways;120
7.4.1;INTRODUCTION;120
7.4.2;EFFECTS OF THE NIGRAL APPLICATION OF DOPAMINERGIC DRUGS ON THE RELEASE OFJH-DA IN THE IPSILATERAL CAUDATE NUCLEUS;121
7.4.3;EFFECTS OF THE NIGRAL APPLICATION OF GABA, GLYCINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS ON THE RELEASE OF ^H-DA IN THE IPSILATERAL CAUDATE NUCLEUS;123
7.4.4;EFFECTS OF SUBSTANCE P AND OF ITS IMMUNONEUTRALIZATION IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA ON THE RELEASE OF ^H-DA IN THE IPSI LATERAL CAUDATE NUCLEUS;124
7.4.5;RECIPROCAL REGULATION OF THE TWO DOPAMINERGIC PATHWAYS;125
7.4.6;CONCLUSIONS;126
7.4.7;REFERENCES;127
7.5;Chapter 11.
Interactions between Serotonin and Noradrenalin containing Neurons: Link between the Raphe System and the Locus Coeruleus;132
7.5.1;ABSTRACT;132
7.5.2;INTRODUCTION;132
7.5.3;DISCUSSION;136
7.5.4;REFERENCES;138
7.6;Chapter 12.
Histochemistry of Transmitter Interactions - Neuronal Coupling and Coexistence of Transmitters;142
7.6.1;ABSTRACT;142
7.6.2;INTRODUCTION;142
7.6.3;METHODOLOGY;143
7.6.4;INTERACTION - GENERAL ASPECTS;143
7.6.5;INTERACTION OF NEURON SYSTEMS;146
7.6.6;COEXISTENCE OF PEPTIDES AND AMINES;148
7.6.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;151
7.6.8;REFERENCES;151
7.7;Chapter 13.
Concluding Remarks;156
8;Part III: Pharmacology of Neurotransmitters: New Vistas;160
8.1;Chapter 14.
Immunofluorescent Staining of Serotonin in the Central Nervous System;162
8.1.1;ABSTRACT;162
8.1.2;KEYWORDS;162
8.1.3;INTRODUCTION;162
8.1.4;RESULTS;164
8.1.5;DISCUSSION;165
8.1.6;LITERATURE;169
8.2;Chapter 15.
Excitatory Amino Acids: Receptor Differentiation by Selective Antagonists and Role in Synaptic Excitation;172
8.2.1;ABSTRACT;172
8.2.2;INTRODUCTION;172
8.2.3;METHODS;173
8.2.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;173
8.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;179
8.2.6;REFERENCES;179
8.3;Chapter 16.
Histaminergic Systems in Brain;182
8.3.1;ABSTRACT;182
8.3.2;INTRODUCTION;182
8.3.3;HISTAMINERGIC PATHWAYS AND ATTEMPTS AT LOCALIZING THEIR ORIGIN;183
8.3.4;BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HISTAMINE RECEPTORS IN BRAIN;184
8.3.5;REFERENCES;190
8.4;Chapter 17.
The Action of Substance P on Motoneurons of the Isolated Rat Spinal Cord;192
8.4.1;SP IN THE VENTRAL HORN;192
8.4.2;TIME COURSE OF ACTION OF SP;192
8.4.3;EFFECT OF Ca, Mg AND TETRODOTOXIN;194
8.4.4;EFFECT OF BACLOFEN;196
8.4.5;STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP;198
8.4.6;CONCLUSIONS;199
8.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;199
8.4.8;REFERENCES;199
8.5;Chapter 18.
Plasticity of Transmitter Functions in Sympathetic Neurons Developing in Cell Culture;202
8.5.1;ABSTRACT;202
8.5.2;INTRODUCTION;202
8.5.3;METHODS;203
8.5.4;RESULTS;203
8.5.5;CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION;212
8.5.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;213
8.5.7;REFERENCES;213
8.6;Chapter 19.
Is there a Neurotransmitter Code in the Brain?;216
8.6.1;INTRODUCTION;216
8.6.2;What is being coded?;216
8.6.3;Domains of Synaptic Operations;218
8.6.4;Other Domains;219
8.6.5;Space. Time and Energy Operations;220
8.6.6;Conclusions;222
8.6.7;References;222
9;Part IV: Invited Lectures;226
9.1;Chapter 20.
Molecular Mechanisms in the Modulation of Catecholamine Release from the Adrenal Medulla;228
9.1.1;Acknowledgements;238
9.1.2;References;239
9.2;Chapter 21.
Some Structural Features of Amine Uptake Mechanisms;242
9.2.1;CONFORMATIONALLY RIGID AMINE ANALOGUES AS TOOLS IN STUDYING STEREOSELECTIVITY OF THE UPTAKE SITE;243
9.2.2;CONFORMATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE INHIBITION OF UPTAKE BY ANTI - DEPRESSANTAND OTHER DRUGS;250
9.2.3;CONCLUSIONS;254
9.2.4;REFERENCES;255
9.3;Chapter 22.
Pre- and Postsynaptic Regulation of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters;260
9.3.1;NEURONAL CONTROL OF CATECHOLAMINE BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES;260
9.3.2;HORMONAL REGULATION OF CATECHOLAMINE BIOSYNTHETTC ENZYMES;262
9.3.3;THE PINEAL GLAND AND THE 3-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR;263
9.3.4;REGULATION OF SENSITIVITY OF 3-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR IN THE PINEAL;264
9.3.5;THE 3-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS;266
9.3.6;THE 3-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR, PHOSPHOLIPID METHYLATION AND MEMBRANE FLUIDITY;268
9.3.7;REFERENCES;271
9.4;Chapter 23.
GABA-ergic Component in the Mechanism of Action of Neurotropic Drugs;274
9.4.1;ABSTRACT;274
9.4.2;REFERENCES;290
9.5;Chapter 24.
Pre- and Postsynaptic Action of GABA in the Mammalian Spinal Cord;292
9.5.1;INTRODUCTION;292
9.5.2;NEUROCHEMISTRY OF GABA;292
9.5.3;INHIBITION OF SPINAL NEURONES;293
9.5.4;DUAL NATURE OF SPINAL PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION;299
9.5.5;PHARMACOLOGY OF SPINAL GABERGIC INHIBITION;300
9.5.6;CONCLUSION;303
9.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;304
9.5.8;REFERENCES;304
10;Index;310