Schwevers / Adam Fish Protection Technologies and Fish Ways for Downstream Migration

1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-3-030-19242-6
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 289 Seiten

This book offers a comprehensive review of current systems for fish protection and downstream migration. It offers the first systematic description of the currently available technologies for fish protection at hydropower intakes, including accurate and timely data collected by the authors and other researchers. It describes how to design and test them in agreement with the guidelines established from the EU Water Framework Directive. The book includes important information about fish biology, with a special focus on swimming and migration mechanisms. It offers a robust bridge between concepts  in applied ecology and civil hydraulic engineering, thus providing biologists and hydraulic engineers with an authoritative reference guide  to both the theory and practice of fish protection. It is also of interest for planners, public authorities as well as environmental consultants 

Dr. Ulrich Schwevers is director of the Institute of Applied Ecology (Institut für angewandte Ökologie) in Germany. His interdisciplinary knowledge, notably on river ecology and hydraulic engineering, has enabled him to coauthor several publications with guidelines on fish ways for upstream and downstream migrants. He has travelled extensively in the course of his work and participated in over 300 projects, e.g. in Germany, Switzerland, France and the Netherlands.   Dr. Beate Adam, a freelance fisheries biologist specializing in fish behavior, has more than 20 years of experience observing and researching fish and other aquatic biota under field and laboratory conditions. Educated at several German Universities she has been for more than two decades chairperson of interdisciplinary committees that produced manuals on ecological water engineering. She is author or co-author of more than 200 books, scientific papers, popular articles and reports on freshwater fish.  

Autoren/Hrsg.

Schwevers, Ulrich

Adam, Beate

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
2;Contents;8
3;About the Authors;11
4;Symbols;12
5;1 Introduction;14
6;2 Basic Requirements of Fish Protection and Downstream Passage;18
6.1;2.1 Biological Phenomena and Mechanisms;18
6.1.1;2.1.1 Stages of Development and Migration;18
6.2;2.2 Swimming Performance;25
6.3;2.3 Swimming Behavior;30
6.4;2.4 Migration Behavior;32
6.4.1;2.4.1 Drift;33
6.4.2;2.4.2 Potamodromous Behavior;33
6.4.3;2.4.3 Diadromous Behavior;35
6.5;2.5 Migration Corridors;35
6.6;2.6 Migration Timers and Triggers;37
6.7;2.7 Rhythms of Migration;38
6.7.1;2.7.1 Daily Rhythm;38
6.7.2;2.7.2 Annual Rhythms;40
7;3 Impact of Limited Downstream Passability;44
7.1;3.1 Reactions to Migration Barriers;44
7.2;3.2 Delayed Migration Due to Ponded Areas and Barrages;45
7.3;3.3 Mortality Caused by the Passage of Barrages;47
7.4;3.4 Mortality Caused by the Passage of Turbines;52
7.4.1;3.4.1 Impact-Induced Injuries;56
7.4.2;3.4.2 Prognosis of a Turbine’s Mortality Rate;77
7.5;3.5 Mortality Due to Predation;80
7.6;3.6 Population-Biological Consequences of Passability Restrictions;80
7.6.1;3.6.1 Atlantic Salmon;83
7.6.2;3.6.2 Other Anadromous Species;86
7.6.3;3.6.3 European Eel;88
7.6.4;3.6.4 Potamodromous Species;90
8;4 Fish-Protection Facilities;92
8.1;4.1 Behavioral Barriers;92
8.1.1;4.1.1 Electric Deterrent Systems;93
8.1.2;4.1.2 Acoustic Deterrent Systems;96
8.1.3;4.1.3 Visual Deterrent Systems;99
8.1.4;4.1.4 Hanging Chain Curtains;100
8.1.5;4.1.5 Air Bubble Curtains;101
8.1.6;4.1.6 Water Jet Curtains;103
8.1.7;4.1.7 Deterrence Through Chemical Substances;103
8.1.8;4.1.8 Hybrid Behavioral Barriers;103
8.2;4.2 Mechanical Barriers;104
8.2.1;4.2.1 Construction Types;104
8.2.2;4.2.2 Cleaning Systems for Mechanical Barriers;128
8.2.3;4.2.3 Clearance of Physically Impassable Mechanical Barriers;132
8.2.4;4.2.4 Incoming Flow at Mechanical Barriers;145
8.2.5;4.2.5 Arrangement of Mechanical Barriers;153
8.3;4.3 Guidance Systems;174
8.3.1;4.3.1 Baffle;175
8.3.2;4.3.2 Bottom Overlay;177
9;5 Fishways for Downstream Migration;180
9.1;5.1 Traceability of Bypasses;182
9.1.1;5.1.1 Position in the Water Column;184
9.1.2;5.1.2 Bypasses at Vertical Screens Arranged Perpendiculary to the Flow;186
9.1.3;5.1.3 Bypasses at Flat Inclined Screens;190
9.1.4;5.1.4 Bypasses on Angled Screens;194
9.1.5;5.1.5 Special Eel Bypasses;195
9.2;5.2 Acceptance of Bypasses;198
9.2.1;5.2.1 Orientation of the Entrance;199
9.2.2;5.2.2 Size and Shape of the Bypass Entrance;201
9.2.3;5.2.3 Water Supply, Flow Velocity and Flow Gradient;203
9.2.4;5.2.4 Operating Periods;205
9.3;5.3 Passability of the Bypass Line;207
9.4;5.4 Bypass Construction Types;208
9.4.1;5.4.1 Upstream Fish Passes;208
9.4.2;5.4.2 Combinations with Screenings Transfer;210
9.4.3;5.4.3 Ship Locks;212
9.4.4;5.4.4 Spilling Weirs;212
9.5;5.5 Maintenance of Bypasses;213
10;6 Fish-Friendly Turbines;215
10.1;6.1 Mechanisms;215
10.1.1;6.1.1 Avoiding Impact Induced Injuries;215
10.1.2;6.1.2 Avoiding Cuts;216
10.2;6.2 Types of Fish Friendly Turbines;217
10.2.1;6.2.1 Fish-Friendly Kaplan Turbines;217
10.2.2;6.2.2 Minimum Gap Runner;218
10.2.3;6.2.3 Alden Turbine;220
10.2.4;6.2.4 Additional Developments;220
11;7 Fish-Friendly Operational Management;223
11.1;7.1 Fish-Friendly Operational Management for Potamodromous Species;223
11.2;7.2 Fish-Friendly Operational Management for Anadromous Species;224
11.3;7.3 Fish-Friendly Operational Management for the Catadromous Eel;227
11.3.1;7.3.1 Determining Migration Times of Silver Eels;227
11.3.2;7.3.2 Eel-Friendly Operation Options;229
11.3.3;7.3.3 Experiences with Eel-Friendly Operation of Hydropower Stations;232
11.4;7.4 Catch and Transport;236
11.4.1;7.4.1 Catch and Transport of Salmon Smolts;237
11.4.2;7.4.2 Catch and Transport of European Silver Eels;238
12;8 Species- and Development-Specific Requirements for Fish Protection and Downstream Passage;241
12.1;8.1 Target Species;242
12.2;8.2 Design Species;244
13;9 Habitat Measures;246
14;10 Open Questions and Knowledge Deficits;248
15;Appendix A List of Species;255
16;Appendix B Origine of Figures;257
17;Literature;259