Schwanholz / Graham / Stoll Managing Democracy in the Digital Age

Internet Regulation, Social Media Use, and Online Civic Engagement
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-61708-4
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 268 Seiten

In light of the increased utilization of information technologies, such as social media and the 'Internet of Things,' this book investigates how this digital transformation process creates new challenges and opportunities for political participation, political election campaigns and political regulation of the Internet. Within the context of Western democracies and China, the contributors analyze these challenges and opportunities from three perspectives: the regulatory state, the political use of social media, and through the lens of the public sphere. The first part of the book discusses key challenges for Internet regulation, such as data protection and censorship, while the second addresses the use of social media in political communication and political elections. In turn, the third and last part highlights various opportunities offered by digital media for online civic engagement and protest in the public sphere. Drawing on different academic fields, including political science, communication science, and journalism studies, the contributors raise a number of innovative research questions and provide fascinating theoretical and empirical insights into the topic of digital transformation.

Dr Julia Schwanholz is a Senior Research Fellow at the Department of Political Science, Georg-August University, Goettingen. She completed her PhD on Parliamentary Powers within the financial market- and economic crisis in comparative perspective in 2014. Her research focus includes political systems, parliaments, digital transformation, and social media. [e-mail] Todd Graham is a University Academic Fellow in Media and Communication at the School of Media and Communication, University of Leeds. His main research interests are the use of new media in representative democracies, the intersections between popular culture and formal politics, online election campaigns, online deliberation and political talk, and online civic engagement. [e-mail] Peter-Tobias Stoll holds a chair for public land and international law at the Faculty of Law of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen and is one of the directors of the Institute for International Law and European Law.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Schwanholz, Julia

Graham, Todd

Stoll, Peter-Tobias

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Book Abstract;5
2;Acknowledgement;6
3;Contents;7
4;About the Editors;9
5;Chapter 1: Digital Transformation: New Opportunities and Challenges for Democracy?;10
6;Part I: Challenges for Internet Regulation on the Global, EU, and National Level;17
6.1;Chapter 2: Internet Censorship in Liberal Democracies: Learning from Autocracies?;18
6.1.1;Introduction;18
6.1.2;Internet Blocking in Liberal Democracies;21
6.1.2.1;The Empirical Picture;22
6.1.2.2;Analytical Framework: Driving Forces and Obstacles;27
6.1.2.3;Data and Quantitative Analysis;30
6.1.3;Conclusion;32
6.1.4;References;34
6.2;Chapter 3: The Emergence and Analysis of European Data Protection Regulation;36
6.2.1;Introduction;36
6.2.2;State of the Art;39
6.2.2.1;The Analysis of Governance-Related Aspects of Data Protection;40
6.2.2.2;Privacy Advocacy;41
6.2.2.3;Internet Governance and Privacy;42
6.2.2.4;The Value and Content of Privacy;43
6.2.2.5;Surveillance and Data Protection;44
6.2.2.6;Synopsis;45
6.2.3;The Emergence of European Data Protection Politics;47
6.2.3.1;Four Generations of National Data Protection Laws;47
6.2.3.2;Early Efforts on the International Level;49
6.2.3.3;The Emergence of the European Data Protection Framework;50
6.2.3.4;The Emergence of the General Data Protection Regulation;51
6.2.4;Conclusion;54
6.2.5;References;55
6.3;Chapter 4: Internet Policy and German Copyright Regulation. A Subsystem Perspective to Assess Changes in Interest Group Dynami...;60
6.3.1;Introduction;60
6.3.2;The Theoretical Framework of Policy Subsystems;61
6.3.3;Well Established: The German Copyright Subsystem;63
6.3.4;Internationalization;67
6.3.4.1;Toward Worldwide Harmonization;67
6.3.4.2;National Leeway;68
6.3.5;A New Internet Policy Subsystem;70
6.3.5.1;The New Logic;70
6.3.5.2;Interdependence Instead of Subsumption;73
6.3.6;The Changes to Urheberrecht Subsystem Dynamics;74
6.3.6.1;The Impact of the Internet on Existing Policies;74
6.3.6.2;Change to Adversarial Subsystem Dynamics;75
6.3.7;Summary;78
6.3.8;References;79
7;Part II: Political Communication and Social Media: From Politics to Citizens;82
7.1;Chapter 5: Parliaments 2.0? Digital Media Use by National Parliaments in the EU;83
7.1.1;Introduction: Why Analyze Parliaments´ Websites?;83
7.1.2;Websites of Politicians and Parliaments as Subjects of Empirical Analysis, Disenchantment with Politics, and the Need for Furt...;84
7.1.3;Political Communication and Participation in Web 2.0;87
7.1.4;Digital Media Use on Parliamentary Websites: An EU-Wide Comparison;89
7.1.4.1;Methodology and Case Selection;89
7.1.4.2;Empirical Analysis of Parliamentary Websites: Results and Discussion;90
7.1.5;Conclusion;94
7.1.6;Appendix;95
7.1.7;Bibliography;100
7.2;Chapter 6: Much Ado About Nothing? The Use of Social Media in the New Digital Agenda Committee of the German Bundestag;102
7.2.1;Introduction;102
7.2.2;The Digital Agenda Committee: A New Permanent Committee in the Bundestag;104
7.2.3;Theoretical Background: Twitter as a Social Media Engagement Tool;106
7.2.4;Empirical Data and Findings;108
7.2.4.1;Methodology;108
7.2.4.2;Results;110
7.2.5;Discussion and Conclusion;117
7.2.6;Bibliography;121
7.3;Chapter 7: Social Media Logic and Its Impact on Political Communication During Election Times;124
7.3.1;Introduction;124
7.3.2;Social Media in the Hypermedia Campaign;125
7.3.2.1;Negotiating News Values;126
7.3.2.2;Going Viral;126
7.3.2.3;Anticipating ``Likes´´;127
7.3.2.4;Content as a Process;127
7.3.2.5;Audience Selectivity and Reach;128
7.3.3;Methodology;128
7.3.3.1;Research Context and Participant Selection;128
7.3.3.2;In-Depth Interviews with Politicians;129
7.3.3.3;Social Media Data Collection and Analysis;130
7.3.4;Results: Understanding the Hybrid Social Media Ecology;131
7.3.4.1;Balancing Newsworthiness and Bad Publicity;131
7.3.4.2;Attempts to Reverse Engineer Virality;132
7.3.4.3;Towards Infinite Judgment?;133
7.3.4.4;Negotiating the Goldfish;133
7.3.4.5;Audience Selectivity and Targetability;135
7.3.5;Concluding Remarks;136
7.3.6;References;137
7.4;Chapter 8: The Personal in the Political on Twitter: Towards a Typology of Politicians´ Personalized Tweeting Behaviours;141
7.4.1;Introduction;141
7.4.2;Personalization;142
7.4.3;Social Media and Personalization;144
7.4.4;Research Focus and Methodology;145
7.4.5;Findings;150
7.4.6;Personalized Tweeting Practices: A Typology;154
7.4.7;Conclusion;156
7.4.8;References;157
7.5;Chapter 9: Social Media Sourcing Practices: How Dutch Newspapers Use Tweets in Political News Coverage;162
7.5.1;Introduction;162
7.5.2;Sources, Journalists, and (Political) News Coverage;164
7.5.3;The Use of Twitter as a News Source;165
7.5.4;Research Design and Methodology;167
7.5.5;Findings;168
7.5.5.1;How Frequently Is Twitter Used as a News Source?;168
7.5.5.2;Whose Tweets Are Cited?;169
7.5.5.3;What Function Do Cited Tweets Serve?;172
7.5.5.4;What Types of Tweets Are Cited?;173
7.5.5.5;The Use of Personal and Humorous Tweets;174
7.5.5.6;What Are the Dominant Quoting Practices?;176
7.5.6;Discussion and Conclusion;177
7.5.7;References;178
8;Part III: Online Civic Engagement and the Public Sphere;182
8.1;Chapter 10: New Rituals for Public Connection: Audiences´ Everyday Experiences of Digital Journalism, Civic Engagement, and So...;183
8.1.1;Introduction;183
8.1.2;Ritualization, De-ritualization, Re-ritualization?;185
8.1.3;Methodology;188
8.1.4;Results;189
8.1.4.1;New Media, New Routines?;189
8.1.4.2;New Habits, New Rituals?;193
8.1.4.3;The Importance of Social Networks;195
8.1.5;Conclusion;197
8.1.6;References;198
8.2;Chapter 11: Social Media as Civic Space for Media Criticism and Journalism Hate;202
8.2.1;Media Change, Social Media, and Media Criticism;202
8.2.1.1;Introduction;202
8.2.1.2;Social Media and Politics, Participation, and Expressive Communication;204
8.2.1.3;A New Era for Media Criticism;205
8.2.1.4;Analyzing Media Criticism/Critique as Process, in Relation to Accountability and in Social Setting;207
8.2.2;The Case, Background, Material and Method;208
8.2.3;Analysis;209
8.2.3.1;Overview of the Analysis;209
8.2.3.2;The Intentions;209
8.2.3.3;The Object of Critique/Criticism;212
8.2.3.4;The Process: Critique, Phases, Relations, and Accountability;213
8.2.3.4.1;The Process: Critique;214
8.2.3.4.2;The Process: Phases;215
8.2.3.4.3;The Process: Relations;216
8.2.3.4.4;The Process: Responsibility and Accountability;216
8.2.3.5;Comparing Critique and Accountability;217
8.2.4;Conclusions and Discussion;218
8.2.4.1;The Process;219
8.2.4.2;What Kind of Civic Space?;219
8.2.4.3;The Case Through the Lens of Critical Institutionalism;220
8.2.4.4;Final Comments;221
8.2.5;References;221
8.3;Chapter 12: Lurkers and the Fantasy of Persuasion in an Online Cultural Public Sphere;223
8.3.1;Introduction;223
8.3.2;Cultural Participation;225
8.3.3;Setting and Previous Research;226
8.3.4;Method;227
8.3.5;Lurkers and Lurking;229
8.3.6;Lurkers as an Imagined Audience?;230
8.3.7;A Fantasy;231
8.3.8;The Fantasy of Persuasion;233
8.3.9;Concluding Remarks;238
8.3.10;References;239
8.4;Chapter 13: Environmental Talk in the Chinese Green Public Sphere: A Comparative Analysis of Daily Green-Speak Across Three Ch...;242
8.4.1;Introduction;242
8.4.2;Chinese Internet and the Public Sphere in China;243
8.4.3;Everyday Political Talk as an Agent of Change in Digital Age in China;245
8.4.4;Political Talk About the Environment in the Chinese Green Sphere;246
8.4.5;Methods;248
8.4.6;Findings and Discussion;251
8.4.6.1;Level 1 Process of Deliberation;251
8.4.6.2;Level 2 Civic Behaviors;254
8.4.6.3;Level 3 Expression of Sentiments;256
8.4.7;Conclusion;258
8.4.8;References;260
8.5;Chapter 14: Afterword: Clinton, Trump, and Artificial Intelligence;263
8.5.1;References;268