Schuster Robust Intelligent Systems

1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-1-84800-261-6
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 299 Seiten

Our time recognizes robustness as an important, all-pervading feature in the world around us. Despite its omnipresence, robustness is not entirely understood, rather dif?cult to de?ne, and, despite its obvious value in many situations, rather dif?cult to achieve. One of the goals of this edited book is to report on the topic of robustness from a variety and diverse range of ?elds and perspectives. We are interested, for instance, in fundamental strategies nature applies to make systems robust-and arguably 'intelligent'-and how these strategies may hold as general design principles in modern technology. A particular focus is on computer-based systems and appli- tions. This in mind, the book has four main sections: Part I has a look at robustness in terms of underlying technologies and infrastr- tures upon which many computer-based 'intelligent' systems reside and inves- gates robustness on the hardware and software level, but also in larger environments such as the Internet and self-managing systems. The contributions in Part II target robustness in research areas that are inspired by biology, including brain-computer interfaces, biological networks, and biological immune systems, for example. Part III involves the exciting ?eld of arti?cial intelligence. The chapters here discuss the value of robustness as a general design principle for arti?cial intelligence, stressing its potential in areas such as humanoid robotics and image processing.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Schuster, Alfons

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;Contributors;9
4;Part I Robustness in Computer Hardware, Software, Networks, and Protocols;13
4.1;Robustness in Digital Hardware;14
4.1.1;1.1 Introduction;14
4.1.2;1.2 Digital Hardware Technologies;16
4.1.3;1.3 Issues with Testing and Verifying Digital Hardware;20
4.1.4;1.4 Robustness Approaches;23
4.1.5;1.5 Summary;30
4.1.6;References;30
4.2;Multiagent-Based Fault Tolerance Management for Robustness;34
4.2.1;2.1 Introduction;34
4.2.2;2.2 Software Dependability;37
4.2.3;2.3 Robust Software;38
4.2.4;2.4 Multiagent-Based Fault Tolerance Management;43
4.2.5;2.5 Discussion;49
4.2.6;References;49
4.3;A Two-Level Robustness Model for Self- Managing Software Systems;54
4.3.1;3.1 Introduction;54
4.3.2;3.2 PERFECT Software;56
4.3.3;3.3 Two-Level Robustness Model;60
4.3.4;3.4 Examples;62
4.3.5;3.5 Additional Thoughts on Self-Managing Systems and Software;68
4.3.6;3.6 Conclusion;69
4.3.7;References;69
4.4;Robustness in Network Protocols and Distributed Applications of the Internet;72
4.4.1;4.1 Introduction;72
4.4.2;4.2 How the InternetWorks;73
4.4.3;4.3 Measuring the Internet’s Robustness;80
4.4.4;4.4 A Closer Look at the Internet Protocols;81
4.4.5;4.5 Wireless Networks;84
4.4.6;4.6 Distributed Applications;87
4.4.7;4.7 Summary;92
4.4.8;References;94
5;Part II Robustness in Biology Inspired Systems;98
5.1;Detecting Danger: The Dendritic Cell Algorithm;100
5.1.1;5.1 Introduction;100
5.1.2;5.2 Biological Inspiration;101
5.1.3;5.3 Abstract Model;103
5.1.4;5.4 The Dendritic Cell Algorithm;112
5.1.5;5.5 Applications: Past and Present;120
5.1.6;5.6 Conclusions;121
5.1.7;References;122
5.2;Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces for Semi- autonomous Assistive Devices;124
5.2.1;6.1 Introduction;124
5.2.2;6.2 Modern Brain-Computer Interfaces;125
5.2.3;6.3 A Robust BCI Based on SSVEP;133
5.2.4;6.4 New Semi-autonomous Applications for BCIs;136
5.2.5;6.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects;144
5.2.6;References;146
5.3;Robust Learning of High-dimensional Biological Networks with Bayesian Networks;150
5.3.1;7.1 Overview;150
5.3.2;7.2 Methods;152
5.3.3;7.3 Results;161
5.3.4;7.4 Conclusion;168
5.3.5;References;170
6;Part III Robustness in Artificial Intelligence Systems;174
6.1;Robustness in Nature as a Design Principle for Artificial Intelligence;176
6.1.1;8.1 Introduction;176
6.1.2;8.2 Robustness;177
6.1.3;8.3 Robustness In Nature;178
6.1.4;8.4 Robustness in Artificial Intelligence;183
6.1.5;8.5 Robustness Elsewhere;195
6.1.6;8.6 Summary;197
6.1.7;References;197
6.2;Feedback Structures as a Key Requirement for Robustness: Case Studies in Image Processing;200
6.2.1;9.1 Robustness Through Feedback;200
6.2.2;9.2 Robust Image Processing;202
6.2.3;9.3 Feedback Structures in Image Processing;204
6.2.4;9.4 Closed-Loop Image Segmentation;205
6.2.5;9.5 Closed-Loop Region-Based Image Segmentation for a Service Robotic Task;209
6.2.6;9.6 Closed-Loop Boundary-Based Image Segmentation for an Industrial Application;214
6.2.7;9.7 Conclusions;218
6.2.8;References;218
6.3;Exploiting Motor Modules in Modular Contexts in Humanoid Robotics;220
6.3.1;10.1 Introduction;220
6.3.2;10.2 Reaching with a Modular Control Structure;224
6.3.3;10.3 Reaching in Different Contexts;226
6.3.4;10.4 Experimental Results;232
6.3.5;10.5 Open Issues and FutureWork;234
6.3.6;10.6 Conclusions;236
6.3.7;A Minimum Number of Motion Primitives;236
6.3.8;References;239
7;Part IV Robustness in Space Applications;242
7.1;Robustness as Key to Success for Space Missions;244
7.1.1;11.1 Introduction;244
7.1.2;11.2 Challenge Space;245
7.1.3;11.3 Robustness in the Hardware;247
7.1.4;11.4 Robustness in the Software;250
7.1.5;11.5 Testing Robustness;258
7.1.6;11.6 Conclusion;259
7.1.7;References;260
7.2;Robust and Automated Space System Design;262
7.2.1;12.1 Introduction;262
7.2.2;12.2 Uncertainty Modeling;265
7.2.3;12.3 Design Optimization;268
7.2.4;12.4 Case Study;270
7.2.5;12.5 Discussion;272
7.2.6;12.6 Conclusions and FutureWork;274
7.2.7;References;274
7.2.8;Appendix A Model Variable Structure;276
7.2.9;B Model Equations;278
7.2.10;C MER Mission Sequence;280
7.2.11;D Thruster Specification;280
7.2.12;E Uncertainty Specification;281
7.3;Robust Bio-regenerative Life Support Systems Control;284
7.3.1;13.1 Introduction;284
7.3.2;13.2 Life Support Systems;285
7.3.3;13.3 Control Architecture for a BLSS;289
7.3.4;13.4 The Reactive Level;292
7.3.5;13.5 The Deliberative Level;297
7.3.6;13.6 Toward a Fault-Tolerant and Reliable Life Support System;301
7.3.7;13.7 Conclusions;303
7.3.8;Appendix A: Abbreviations in This Chapter;304
7.3.9;References;304
8;Index;308