Buch, Englisch, 400 Seiten, Gewicht: 680 g
Buch, Englisch, 400 Seiten, Gewicht: 680 g
ISBN: 978-1-394-29412-1
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons Inc
A practice-oriented analysis of water treatment systems using low-cost, low-maintenance technologies and sustainable water resources
In Sustainable Water Systems, expert water resources researcher Miklas Scholz delivers a practice-oriented resource that comprehensively covers the design, operation, and maintenance of traditional and novel wetland systems used in water resource management. The book offers a performance analysis of existing infrastructure in constructed wetlands, soil infiltration systems, ditches, dry ponds, and silt traps in both developed and developing countries.
Sustainable Water Systems addresses economic and environmental challenges, including flood retention and its incorporation into sustainable water supply systems. Readers will also find: - A thorough introduction to low-cost alternatives to resource-intensive water processing plants
- Comprehensive explorations of effective water technologies that work well in less developed and rural regions without access to reliable water treatment
- Modelling of wetland systems and how to design them for optimal performance
- Practical discussions of industrial wastewater treatment and modelling
- Complete treatments of sustainable flood retention basins, including integrated constructed wetlands
Perfect for researchers, engineers, and other professionals working in the field of water resource management, Sustainable Water Systems will also benefit anyone interested in water supply engineering and wastewater treatment.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Geowissenschaften Geologie Hydrologie, Hydrogeologie
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften Wirtschaftssektoren & Branchen Energie- & Versorgungswirtschaft Wasserwirtschaft
- Naturwissenschaften Chemie Analytische Chemie Umweltchemie, Lebensmittelchemie
- Technische Wissenschaften Umwelttechnik | Umwelttechnologie Wasserversorgung, Wasseraufbereitung
Weitere Infos & Material
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
About the Author xxiii
Acknowledgements xxv
1 Natural Wetland Systems 1
1.1 Hydraulics, Water Quality and Vegetation Characteristics of Ditches 1
1.1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.2 Experimental 2
1.1.3 Results 5
1.1.3.1 Characteristics of Open Ditches 5
1.1.3.2 Water Quality and Vegetation 7
1.1.4 Discussion 11
1.1.4.1 Watercourse Classification 11
1.1.4.2 Total Roughness and Summer Flooding 12
1.1.4.3 Water Quality Influenced by Vegetation 12
1.1.5 Conclusions 13
1.2 Planted Soil Infiltration Systems for Treatment of Log Yard Runoff 13
1.2.1 Introduction 13
1.2.2 Experimental Setup and Methodology 14
1.2.3 Results and Discussion 15
1.2.3.1 Log yard Runoff Compared with Drainage Water 15
1.2.3.2 Comparison of Drainage Waters 17
1.2.3.3 Comparison of Treatment Efficiencies 17
1.2.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 18
1.3 Anthropogenic Land Use Change Impacts on Nutrient Concentrations in Waterbodies 18
1.3.1 Introduction 18
1.3.2 Land Use Changes and Surface Water Quality 19
1.3.2.1 Investigations 19
1.3.2.2 Key Variables 24
1.3.2.3 Modelling Outcomes 28
1.3.3 Proposals for Water Quality Conservation 29
1.3.4 Conclusions and Outlook 31
1.4 Peatland Response to Climate Change and Water Level Management 31
1.4.1 Introduction 31
1.4.2 Materials and Methods 33
1.4.2.1 Mesocosm Experiments 33
1.4.2.2 Climate Scenario Simulations 33
1.4.2.3 Water-level Management 36
1.4.2.4 Flux Measurements 36
1.4.2.5 Plant Analysis 37
1.4.2.6 Statistical Analysis 37
1.4.3 Results 38
1.4.3.1 Climate Variables Under Different Scenarios 38
1.4.3.2 Climate, Water Level and Respiration 39
1.4.3.3 Climate Change, Water Level and Plant Distribution 43
1.4.4 Discussion 45
1.4.4.1 Interactions 45
1.4.4.2 Effect of Climate on the Carbon Sink Function of Unmanaged Mesocosms 45
1.4.4.3 Impact of Drought on the Carbon Sink Function of Unmanaged Mesocosms 46
1.4.4.4 Interactive Effects on the Carbon Sink Function of Managed Mesocosms 48
1.4.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 50
References 51
2 Urban Water and Sustainable Drainage Systems 63
2.1 Full Silt Traps Discharging into Watercourses 63
2.1.1 Introduction 63
2.1.2 Study Site, Materials and Methods 64
2.1.3 Results and Discussion 65
2.1.3.1 Water and Sediment Quality of the Silt Trap 65
2.1.3.2 Water Quality of the Full Silt Trap During Dry- and Wet-Weather Flow 68
2.1.3.3 Water Quality of the Receiving Watercourse 68
2.1.4 Conclusions 69
2.2 Filter Media, Plant Communities and Microbiology within Constructed Wetlands 69
2.2.1 Introduction 69
2.2.2 Materials and Methods 70
2.2.2.1 Environmental Conditions and Operation 70
2.2.2.2 Filter Media Composition 72
2.2.2.3 Analytical Procedures 72
2.2.2.4 Micro-biological and Plant Examinations 73
2.2.3 Results and Discussion 74
2.2.3.1 Filter Media Costs 74
2.2.3.2 Comparison of Treatment Efficiencies 74
2.2.3.3 Metal Analysis 78
2.2.3.4 Water Quality and Micro-biology 80
2.2.4 Conclusions 81
2.3 Vertical Subsurface Flow-Constructed Wetlands with Different Substrates 82
2.3.1 Introduction 82
2.3.2 Materials and Methods 83
2.3.3 Results and Discussion 86
2.3.3.1 Adsorption Isotherm Experiments 86
2.3.3.2 Column Experiments 88
2.3.4 Conclusions 93
2.4 Treatment of Gully Pot Effluent with Constructed Wetlands 93
2.4.1 Introduction 93
2.4.2 Materials and Methods 94
2.4.2.1 Study Site and Filter Media Composition 94
2.4.2.2 Environmental Conditions and Operation 97
2.4.2.3 Metal and Other Variable Determinations 98
2.4.3 Results 100
2.4.4 Discussion 105
2.4.4.1 Performance Comparison 105
2.4.4.2 Constructed Wetlands, Sustainability and Filterability 106
2.4.4.3 Alternative Treatment 107
2.4.5 Conclusions and Further Research 107
2.5 Wetland and Dry Pond System 108
2.5.1 Introduction 108
2.5.2 Case Study and Methodology 108
2.5.3 Results and Discussion 112
2.5.3.1 Water Quality 112
2.5.3.2 Capacity of the System 114
2.5.3.3 Economics 115
2.5.3.4 Risk of Flooding and Infiltration 116
2.5.3.5 Sustainable Water Industry Asset Resource Decisions Analysis 116
2.5.4 Conclusions 117
2.6 Permeable Pavement and Ground Source Heating Pump Systems 117
2.6.1 Introduction 117
2.6.2 Methodology 119
2.6.2.1 Environmental Conditions 119
2.6.2.2 Components of Rigs 119
2.6.2.3 Operational Conditions 120
2.6.2.4 Water Quality 122
2.6.3 Results and Discussion 123
2.6.3.1 Water Quality 123
2.6.3.2 Prevention of Water-related Diseases 128
2.6.3.3 Influence of Temperature 130
2.6.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 130
2.7 Permeable Pavement and Photocatalytic Titanium Dioxide Oxidation System 131
2.7.1 Introduction 131
2.7.2 Materials and Methods 132
2.7.2.1 Permeable Pavement Engineering 132
2.7.2.2 Photocatalytic Processes with Titanium Dioxide 132
2.7.2.3 Experimental Permeable Pavement Set-up 134
2.7.2.4 Experimental Set-up of the Photochemical Experiments 135
2.7.2.5 Analytical and Microbiological Procedures 136
2.7.2.6 Photocatalytic Disinfection Model 136
2.7.3 Results and Discussion 137
2.7.3.1 Permeable Pavement Contaminant Removal Efficiency 137
2.7.3.2 Microbial Photochemical Deactivation 138
2.7.4 Conclusions 141
2.8 Refurbishment and Improvement of Screen Systems for Flood Control and Water Protection 142
2.8.1 Introduction and Background 142
2.8.1.1 Local Flooding Due to Heavy Rain 142
2.8.1.2 Existing Screen Systems 143
2.8.1.3 Screen Maintenance 143
2.8.1.4 Screen Design 143
2.8.1.5 Automated Screens 144
2.8.1.6 Supporting Structures 144
2.8.1.7 Objectives 145
2.8.2 Methodology 145
2.8.2.1 Locality 145
2.8.2.2 Digital Recording and Geo-systems 146
2.8.2.3 Inspection of the Locality 146
2.8.2.4 Follow-up and Analysis 146
2.8.2.5 Measures of Prioritisation 146
2.8.3 Results and Discussions 148
2.8.3.1 Characteristics of Screen Systems 148
2.8.3.2 Screen System Maintenance 150
2.8.3.3 Recommendations for Action 153
2.8.4 Conclusions and Outlook 154
References 154
3 Sustainable Flood Retention Basins including Integrated Constructed Wetlands 163
3.1 Sustainable Flood Retention Basin Management 163
3.1.1 Introduction 163
3.1.2 Methodology 164
3.1.2.1 Data 164
3.1.2.2 Variograms 166
3.1.2.3 Kriging 166
3.1.3 Results and Discussion 168
3.1.3.1 Findings Based on Ordinary Kriging 168
3.1.3.2 Findings Based on Disjunctive Kriging 171
3.1.3.3 Consequences for Flood Risk Management 175
3.1.4 Conclusions 177
3.2 Nutrient Release from Integrated Constructed Wetland Sediment 177
3.2.1 Introduction 177
3.2.2 Materials and Methods 178
3.2.2.1 Site and Experimental Set-up 178
3.2.2.2 Sampling and Analytical Methods 184
3.2.3 Results and Discussion 184
3.2.3.1 Comparison of Treatment Performances 184
3.2.3.2 Vegetation 194
3.2.3.3 Groundwater Contamination 194
3.2.3.4 Sediment Management 194
3.2.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 195
3.3 Groundwater Quality Impacts from an Integrated Constructed Wetland 196
3.3.1 Introduction 196
3.3.2 Materials and Methods 197
3.3.2.1 Study Site Description 197
3.3.2.2 Monitoring Wells and Groundwater Sampling 199
3.3.2.3 Monitoring and Analysis 200
3.3.2.4 Statistical Analyses 201
3.3.3 Results and Discussion 202
3.3.3.1 Piezometer Hydrographs and Seasonal Fluctuations 202
3.3.3.2 Contaminant Concentrations in Groundwater 204
3.3.3.3 Factors Influencing the Variability in Groundwater Quality 210
3.3.4 Conclusions 213
References 213
4 Water and Wastewater Treatment Technology and Modelling 221
4.1 Biological Activated Carbon Beds 221
4.1.1 Introduction 221
4.1.2 Materials and Methods 222
4.1.3 Results and Discussion 224
4.1.3.1 Biomass Growth Monitoring and Control 224
4.1.3.2 Biological Indicator Significance 226
4.1.3.3 Spreadsheet Modelling of Filter Effluents 229
4.1.4 Conclusions 230
4.2 Constructed Wetlands Treating Sewage 231
4.2.1 Introduction 231
4.2.2 Case Studies and Methods 231
4.2.2.1 Description of Wetland Systems 231
4.2.2.2 Water Quality Monitoring and Limitations 235
4.2.3 Results and Discussion 236
4.2.3.1 Water Quality and Performance Efficiency 236
4.2.3.2 Seasonal Variations and Wetland Aging 240
4.2.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 240
4.3 Neural Network Simulation of the Chemical Oxygen Demand Reduction 242
4.3.1 Introduction 242
4.3.2 Materials and Methods 244
4.3.2.1 Source of Data 244
4.3.2.2 Neural Network Model 245
4.3.3 Results and Discussion 247
4.3.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 253
References 253
5 Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Modelling 257
5.1 Membrane Bioreactors and Constructed Wetlands Treating Rendering Wastewater 257
5.1.1 Introduction 257
5.1.2 Materials and Methods 258
5.1.2.1 Industrial Rendering Plant 258
5.1.2.2 Constructed Wetland 259
5.1.2.3 Membrane Bioreactor 260
5.1.2.4 Water Quality Analysis 260
5.1.3 Results and Discussion 261
5.1.3.1 Water Quality of the Dissolved Air Flotation Plant 261
5.1.3.2 Water Quality of the Membrane Bioreactor 262
5.1.3.3 Water Quality of the Constructed Wetland 264
5.1.3.4 Comparison of Treatment Performances 265
5.1.3.5 Water Quality Variability of the Membrane Bioreactor 266
5.1.3.6 Sampling Optimisation 266
5.1.4 Conclusions 267
5.2 Benzene Removal with Constructed Treatment Wetlands 269
5.2.1 Introduction 269
5.2.1.1 Constructed Treatment Wetlands 269
5.2.1.2 Benzene Removal 270
5.2.1.3 Aim and Objectives 271
5.2.2 Materials and Methods 272
5.2.2.1 System Design and Operation 272
5.2.2.2 Biodegradation and Volatilisation 273
5.2.3 Results and Discussion 274
5.2.3.1 Treatment Performance 274
5.2.3.2 Impact of Volatilisation 280
5.2.4 Conclusions 280
5.3 Diesel Oil Spillage Removal Using Agricultural Waste Products 281
5.3.1 Introduction 281
5.3.2 Materials and Methods 282
5.3.2.1 Materials 282
5.3.2.2 Methods 282
5.3.3 Results and Discussion 284
5.3.3.1 Sorption Capacity of the Agricultural Wastes 284
5.3.3.2 Floating Performance of the Wastes 285
5.3.3.3 Orthogonal Design 286
5.3.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 290
5.4 Kohonen Self-Organising Map to Predict Biochemical Oxygen Demand 290
5.4.1 Introduction 290
5.4.2 Literature Review 291
5.4.3 Methodology 292
5.4.4 Case Study 294
5.4.5 Numerical Analysis and Modelling 296
5.4.6 Results 297
5.4.7 Discussion 302
5.4.8 Conclusions and Recommendations 304
References 304
6 Sludge Dewatering Tests 311
6.1 Dewaterability Assessment Including the Capillary Suction Time Test 311
6.1.1 Introduction 311
6.1.2 Materials and Methodology 312
6.1.2.1 Capillary Suction Time Devices and Measurements 312
6.1.2.2 Testing of Different Papers 313
6.1.2.3 Testing of Different Sludges 314
6.1.2.4 Stirred Capillary Suction Time Test 315
6.1.3 Results and Discussion 316
6.1.3.1 Single Radii Test and Paper Application 316
6.1.3.2 Multi-radii Test and Paper Application 319
6.1.3.3 Rectangular Testing Device 319
6.1.3.4 Stirring of Sludge to Avoid Sedimentation 319
6.1.3.5 Primary Sludge 320
6.1.3.6 Surplus Activated Sludge 320
6.1.3.7 Synthetic Sludge 320
6.1.3.8 Selection of an Alternative Test Apparatus, Procedure and Paper 321
6.1.4 Conclusions and Further Research 321
6.2 Improved Design and Precision of the Capillary Suction Time Testing Device 322
6.2.1 Introduction 322
6.2.2 Methodology 322
6.2.2.1 Preparation of Synthetic Sludge 322
6.2.2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Synthetic Sludge 323
6.2.2.3 Funnel Sealant 324
6.2.2.4 Experimental Design and Testing 325
6.2.3 Results and Discussion 326
6.2.3.1 Synthetic Sludge Properties 326
6.2.3.2 Effect of Sealant on Test Accuracy 327
6.2.3.3 Quantifying the Leakage 332
6.2.3.4 Specific Resistance to Filtration Accuracy 333
6.2.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 334
6.3 Sludge Floc Size and Water Composition Impact on Dewaterability 334
6.3.1 Introduction 334
6.3.2 Materials and Methods 336
6.3.2.1 Dewaterability Tests 336
6.3.2.2 Coagulants and Mixers 336
6.3.2.3 Sample Preparation 337
6.3.2.4 Coagulation Experiments 337
6.3.3 Results and Discussions 338
6.3.3.1 Impact of Synthetic Raw Water Flocs on Dewaterability 338
6.3.3.2 Impact of Synthetic Domestic Wastewater Flocs on Dewaterability 341
6.3.3.3 Synthetic Raw Water Floc Size Distribution 342
6.3.3.4 Synthetic Domestic Wastewater Floc Size Distribution 342
6.3.3.5 Natural Water Floc Size Distribution 343
6.3.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 343
References 344
7 Water Availability and Public Health 349
7.1 Introduction 349
7.2 Methodology 351
7.3 Results and Discussion 353
7.3.1 Water Resources and Usage 353
7.3.2 Water Availability and Public Health 354
7.3.3 Potential for Community Involvement 355
7.4 Conclusions 355
Appendix The Questionnaire 356
Section A: Personal Data 356
Section B: Household Water Collection and Use 356
Section C: Water and Water-Related Diseases 357
Section D: Community Water 358
Section E: Community Participation in Water Supply Development 359
References 360
Index 363
