Buch, Englisch, 328 Seiten, Format (B × H): 175 mm x 250 mm, Gewicht: 752 g
ISBN: 978-1-118-34237-4
Verlag: Wiley
An introductory and intermediate level handbook written in pragmatic style to explain residual stresses and to provide straightforward guidance about practical measurement methods.
Residual stresses play major roles in engineering structures, with highly beneficial effects when designed well, and catastrophic effects when ignored. With ever-increasing concern for product performance and reliability, there is an urgent need for a renewed assessment of traditional and modern measurement techniques. Success critically depends on being able to make the most practical and effective choice of measurement method for a given application.
Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods provides the reader with the information needed to understand key residual stress concepts and to make informed technical decisions about optimal choice of measurement technique. Each chapter, written by invited specialists, follows a focused and pragmatic format, with subsections describing the measurement principle, residual stress evaluation, practical measurement procedures, example applications, references and further reading. The chapter authors represent both international academia and industry. Each of them brings to their writing substantial hands-on experience and expertise in their chosen field.
Fully illustrated throughout, the book provides a much-needed practical approach to residual stress measurements. The material presented is essential reading for industrial practitioners, academic researchers and interested students.
Key features:
• Presents an overview of the principal residual stress measurement methods, both destructive and non-destructive, with coverage of new techniques and modern enhancements of established techniques
• Includes stand-alone chapters, each with its own figures, tables and list of references, and written by an invited team of international specialists
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
List of Contributors xv
Preface xvii
1 Overview of Residual Stresses and Their Measurement 1
Gary S. Schajer and Clayton O. Ruud
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Character and Origin of Residual Stresses 1
1.1.2 Effects of Residual Stresses 3
1.1.3 Residual Stress Gradients 4
1.1.4 Deformation Effects of Residual Stresses 5
1.1.5 Challenges of Measuring Residual Stresses 6
1.1.6 Contribution of Modern Measurement Technologies 7
1.2 Relaxation Measurement Methods 7
1.2.1 Operating Principle 7
1.3 Diffraction Methods 13
1.3.1 Measurement Concept 13
1.3.2 X-ray Diffraction 14
1.3.3 Synchrotron X-ray 15
1.3.4 Neutron Diffraction 15
1.4 Other Methods 16
1.4.1 Magnetic 16
1.4.2 Ultrasonic 17
1.4.3 Thermoelastic 17
1.4.4 Photoelastic 18
1.4.5 Indentation 18
1.5 Performance and Limitations of Methods 18
1.5.1 General Considerations 18
1.5.2 Performance and Limitations of Methods 19
1.6 Strategies for Measurement Method Choice 19
1.6.1 Factors to be Considered 19
1.6.2 Characteristics of Methods 24
References 24
2 Hole Drilling and Ring Coring 29
Gary S. Schajer and Philip S. Whitehead
2.1 Introduction 29
2.1.1 Introduction and Context 29
2.1.2 History 30
2.1.3 Deep Hole Drilling 31
2.2 Data Acquisition Methods 31
2.2.1 Strain Gages 31
2.2.2 Optical Measurement Techniques 33
2.3 Specimen Preparation 35
2.3.1 Specimen Geometry and Strain Gage Selection 35
2.3.2 Surface Preparation 38
2.3.3 Strain Gage Installation 40
2.3.4 Strain Gage Wiring 40
2.3.5 Instrumentation and Data Acquisition 41
2.4 Hole Drilling Procedure 42
2.4.1 Drilling Cutter Selection 42
2.4.2 Drilling Machines 43
2.4.3 Orbital Drilling 44
2.4.4 Incremental Measurements 45
2.4.5 Post-drilling Examination of Hole and Cutter 46
2.5 Computation of Uniform Stresses 47
2.5.1 Mathematical Background 47
2.5.2 Data Averaging 49
2.5.3 Plasticity Effects 50
2.5.4 Ring Core Measurements 50
2.5.5 Optical Measurements 50
2.5.6 Orthotropic Materials 50
2.6 Computation of Profile Stresses 51
2.6.1 Mathematical Background 51
2.7 Example Applications 54
2.7.1 Shot-peened Alloy Steel Plate – Application of the Integral Method 54
2.7.2 Nickel Alloy Disc – Fine Increment Drilling 54
2.7.3 Titanium Test-pieces – Surface Processes 56
2.7.4 Coated Cylinder Bore – Adaptation of the Integral Method 57
2.8 Performance and Limitations of Methods 57
2.8.1 Practical Considerations 57
2.8.2 Common Uncertainty Sources 58
2.8.3 Typical Measurement Uncertainties 59
References 61
3 Deep Hole Drilling 65
David J. Smith
3.1 Introduction and Background 65
3.2 Basic Principles 68
3.2.1 Elastic Analysis 68
3.2.2 Effects of Plasticity 71
3.3 Experimental Technique 72
3.4 Validation of DHD Methods 75
3.4.1 Tensile Loading 75
3.4.2 Shrink Fitted Assembly 77
3.4.3 Prior Elastic–plastic Bending 78
3.4.4 Quenched Solid Cylinder 79
3.5 Case Studies 80
3.5.1 Welded Nuclear Components 80
3.5.2 Components for the Steel Rolling Industry 82
3.5.3 Fibre Composites 82
3.6 Summary and Future Developments 83
Acknowledgments 84
References 85
4 The Slitting Method 89
Michael R. Hill
4.1 Measurement Principle 89
4.2 Residual Stress Profile Calculation 90
4.3 Stress Intensity Factor Determination 96
4.4 Practical Measurement Procedures 96
4.5 Example Applications 99
4.6 Performance and Limitations of Method 101
4.7 Summary 106
References 106
5 The Contour Method 109
Michael B. Prime and Adrian T.
