Schaffner / Ter Haar Nineteenth-Century Aether Theories

The Commonwealth and International Library: Selected Readings in Physics
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5828-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 288 Seiten, Web PDF

Nineteenth-Century Aether Theories focuses on aether theories. The selection first offers information on the development of aether theories by taking into consideration the positions of Christiaan Huygens, Thomas Young, and Augustin Fresnel. The text then examines the elastic solid aether. Concerns include Green's aether theory, MacCullagh's aether theory, and Kelvin's aether theory. The text also reviews Lorentz' aether and electron theory. The development of Lorentz' ideas of the stagnant aether and electrons; Lorentz' theorem of corresponding states and its development; and Lorentz' response to the Michelson-Morley experiment are discussed. The book discusses the relative motion of the earth and the luminiferous aether and laws of the reflection and refraction of light at the common surface of two non-crystallized media. The text also focuses on the electrical and optical phenomena in moving bodies; simplified theory of electrical and optical phenomena in moving systems; and rotational aether in its application to electromagnetism. The selection is a dependable reference for readers wanting to study aether theories.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Schaffner, Kenneth F.

Ter Haar, D.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Nineteenth-Century Aether Theories;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;8
6;PART 1;12
6.1;CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION: THE FUNCTIONS OF THE AETHER;14
6.2;CHAPTER II. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY AETHER THROUGH YOUNG AND FRESNEL;18
6.2.1;1. Huygens;19
6.2.2;2. Young;22
6.2.3;3. Fresnel;25
6.3;CHAPTER III. ABERRATION FROM BRADLEY TO MICHELSON AND MORLEY;31
6.3.1;1. Bradley;32
6.3.2;2. Fresnel;34
6.3.3;3. Stokes;40
6.3.4;4. Michelson and Morley;43
6.4;CHAPTER IV. THE ELASTIC SOLID AETHER;51
6.4.1;1. Introduction to Nineteenth-century Mechanics;51
6.4.2;2. The Development of the Elastic Solid Theory of the Aether;56
6.4.3;3. Green's Aether Theory;57
6.4.4;4. MacCullagh's Aether Theory;70
6.4.5;5. Kelvin's Aether and his Models;79
6.5;CHAPTER V. THE ELECTROMAGNETIC AETHER;87
6.5.1;1. Faraday;88
6.5.2;2. Maxwell;89
6.5.3;3. Fitzgerald's Electromagnetic Interpretation of MacCullagh's Aether;95
6.5.4;4. Joseph Larmor's Aether and the Electron;102
6.6;CHAPTER VI. LORENTZ' AETHER AND THE ELECTRON THEORY: THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF MOVING BODIES;110
6.6.1;1. The Development of Lorentz' Ideas of the Stagn ant Aether and the Electron;110
6.6.2;2. Lorentz' Response to the Michelson–Morley Experiment;113
6.6.3;3. Lorentz' Theorem of Corresponding States and its Development;115
6.6.4;4. Lorentz' 1899 Essay on the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies;118
6.6.5;5. Joseph Larmor's Extension of Lorentz' Theorem to the Second Order of v/c;121
6.6.6;6. Lorentz' Later Papers on Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies;123
6.6.7;7. Einstein, Relativity, and the Elimination of the Aether;126
6.7;REFERENCES;129
7;PART 2;134
7.1;1. LETTER FROM AUGUSTIN FRESNEL TO FRANÇOIS ARAGO, ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH ON SOME PHENOMENA OF OPTICS;136
7.2;2. ON THE ABERRATION OF LIGHT;147
7.2.1;Additional Note;152
7.3;3. ON THE RELATIVE MOTION OF THE EARTH AND THE LUMINIFEROUS ÆTHER;155
7.3.1;Supplement;167
7.4;4. ON THE LAWS OF THE REFLEXION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT AT THE COMMON SURFACE OF TWO NON-CRYSTALLIZED MEDIA;172
7.5;5. AN ESSAY TOWARDS A DYNAMICAL THEORY OF CRYSTALLINE REFLEXION AND REFRACTION;198
7.5.1;SECT.I. INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS. EQUATION OF MOTION;198
7.5.2;SECT. III. DETERMINATION OF THE FUNCTION ON WHICH THE MOTION DEPENDS. PRINCIPAL AXES OF A CRYSTAL;201
7.6;6. ON A GYROSTATIC ADYNAMIC CONSTITUTION FOR 'ETHER';205
7.6.1;APPENDIX;212
7.7;7. ON THE ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF THE REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT;215
7.8;8. THE ROTATIONAL ETHER IN ITS APPLICATION TO ELECTROMAGNETISM;219
7.9;9. AETHER AND MATTER;224
7.9.1;DYNAMICAL THEORY OF ELECTRICAL ACTIONS;224
7.9.2;Chapter X. GENERAL PROBLEM OF MOVING MATTER TREATED IN RELATION TO THE INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES;235
7.9.3;Chapter XI. MOVING MATERIAL SYSTEM: APPROXIMATION CARRIED TO THE SECOND ORDER;247
7.10;10. AN INQUIRY INTO ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PHENOMENA IN MOVING BODIES;258
7.10.1;Introduction;258
7.11;11. SIMPLIFIED THEORY OF ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PHENOMENA IN MOVING SYSTEMS;266
8;INDEX;285