E-Book, Englisch, 1248 Seiten
Reihe: Hebrew Bible / Old Testament
II: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment
E-Book, Englisch, 1248 Seiten
Reihe: Hebrew Bible / Old Testament
ISBN: 978-3-647-53982-9
Verlag: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 0 - No protection
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Cover;1
2;Title Page;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Body;20
6;Preface;20
7;1. From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment – Aspects of the Cultural and Ideological Framework of Scriptural Interpretation. By Magne Sæbø, Oslo;22
7.1;1. On the Renaissance;27
7.2;2. On Humanism;34
7.3;3. On the Enlightenment;40
8;A. Scriptural Interpretation in the Context of the Renaissance ;48
8.1;2. The Exegetical and Hermeneutical Legacy of the Middle Ages: Christian and Jewish Perspectives;50
8.1.1;2.1. Nicholas of Lyra and Old Testament Interpretation By Lesley Smith, Oxford;50
8.1.1.1;1. Introduction;50
8.1.1.2;2. Jewish Exegesis;52
8.1.1.3;3. The Literal Sense of Scripture and Exegetical Theory;56
8.1.1.4;4. Conclusions;61
8.1.2;2.2. Levi ben Gershom / Gersonides By Seymour Feldman, New Brunswick, NJ;65
8.1.2.1;1. Introduction;66
8.1.2.2;2. Philosophy and Exegesis;66
8.1.2.3;3. Gersonides’ Biblical Interpretation;67
8.2;3. Bridging the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Biblia Pauperum, their Genre and Hermeneutical Significance. By Tarald Rasmussen, Oslo;77
8.2.1;1. Introductory;77
8.2.2;2. Contents and Structure of the Biblia Pauperum;80
8.2.3;3. The Hermeneutical Function of the Old Testament;86
8.2.4;4. The Religious Function of the Biblia Pauperum;91
8.3;4. Some Sociopolitical and Cultural Aspects of the Renaissance. By Trond Berg Eriksen, Oslo ;95
8.3.1;1. Sociopolitical Changes in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries in Italy and North of the Alps;96
8.3.2;2. The General Character of Renaissance Art and Literature;98
8.3.3;3. Biblical Interpretation in the Work of Dante Alighieri;100
8.3.4;4. The Renaissance Concept of ‘History’;102
8.3.5;5. From Manuscripts to Books: the Significance of the Printing Invention of Johann Gutenberg;104
8.4;5. The Philosophical Context of the Renaissance Interpretation of the Bible. By Jeremy Catto, Oxford;107
8.4.1;1. New Theological Developments;108
8.4.2;2. Aspects of a New Philosophical Climate;110
8.4.3;3. Nicholas of Cusa;115
8.4.4;4. Marsilio Ficino and Pico della Mirandola;118
8.4.5;5. Summing up;122
8.5;6. The Institutional Framework of Theological Studies in the Late Middle Ages. By Ulrich Köpf, Tübingen;124
8.5.1;1. Theological Erudition and Education under the Predominance of Scholasticism;124
8.5.1.1;1.1. The Institutional Character of the University;126
8.5.1.2;1.2. Rise and Development of the Universities;127
8.5.1.2.1;1.2.1. Universities Spontaneously Grown;127
8.5.1.2.2;1.2.2. Universities Founded;128
8.5.1.3;1.3. The collegia;129
8.5.1.4;1.4. The Position of the Theological Faculty within the University;131
8.5.1.5;1.5. The studia of the Mendicants;132
8.5.1.6;1.6. The Organization of Theological Studies;134
8.5.1.7;1.7. Universities and their Schools in the Late Middle Ages;135
8.5.2;2. Modifications of the Educational System in the Late Mediaeval Renaissance;137
8.5.2.1;2.1. Idea and Extent of the Late Mediaeval Renaissance;138
8.5.2.2;2.2. The Social and Cultural Background of the Late Mediaeval Humanism;139
8.5.2.3;2.3. Humanism and the Institutions of Education;140
8.5.2.4;2.4. The Curriculum of Humanism;144
8.5.2.5;2.5. Humanistic Learning and its Literary Outcome;146
8.5.3;3. New Developments in the Fifteenth Century and their Influence on Learning and Education;147
8.5.3.1;3.1. Religious Reforming Ideas and Reforming Movements;147
8.5.3.2;3.2. Transformation and Popularization;150
8.5.4;4. Books and Libraries;151
8.6;7. Ad fontes! The Early Humanist Concern for the Hebraica veritas. By Arjo Vanderjagt, Groningen ;155
8.6.1;1. Introduction;156
8.6.2;2. Hebraica veritas and Piety: Northern Humanism;161
8.6.2.1;2.1. Wessel Gansfort;162
8.6.2.2;2.2. Rudolph Agricola;165
8.6.3;3. Hebraica veritas and Humanism: Giannozzo Manetti and the Debate on Hebrew and the Jews;168
8.6.3.1;3.1. Giannozzo Manetti;170
8.6.3.2;3.2. Giannozzo Manetti and the Jews;173
8.6.4;4. Hebraica veritas and Mysticism: Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples;175
8.6.4.1;4.1. Jacques Lefèvre’s Programme;176
8.6.4.2;4.2. Jacques Lefèvre’s Kabbalah and Psalms;178
8.6.5;5. Hebraica veritas and Formal Philology;180
8.6.5.1;5.1. Hebrew at the Foundation of the Collegium Trilingue Lovaniense and the Collège de France;182
8.6.5.2;5.2. Sanctes Pagninus, O.P;186
8.7;8. Isaac Abarbanel: From Medieval to Renaissance Jewish Biblical Scholarship. By Eric Lawee, Toronto;191
8.7.1;1. Biographical Outline;195
8.7.2;2. Overview of the Commentaries;195
8.7.2.1;2.1. Contents and Chronology;195
8.7.2.2;2.2. Format, Relation to Predecessors, Exegetical Aims;196
8.7.3;3. Medieval Characteristics of the Commentaries;200
8.7.4;4. Renaissance Departures in the Commentaries;202
8.7.4.1;4.1. Contextual Elements;202
8.7.4.2;4.2. Authorship and Formation of Biblical Books;205
8.7.4.3;4.3. Scripture’s Human Dimension;209
8.7.4.4;4.4. Chronological Sensibilities;212
8.7.5;5. Legacy;213
8.8;9. The Textual and Hermeneutic Work of Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam. By Erika Rummel, Toronto;216
8.8.1;1. Introduction;217
8.8.2;2. Erasmus’ General Approach to Biblical Studies;218
8.8.3;3. Erasmus’ Old Testament Scholarship: his Attitude toward Hebrew and the Jews;220
8.8.4;4. The Publication History of the Psalm Commentaries and their Recep-tion;222
8.8.5;5. The Genre of the Psalm Commentaries;225
8.8.6;6. Erasmian Hermeneutics in the Psalm Commentaries;226
8.8.7;7. Erasmus’ Use of Sources;230
8.9;10. Scriptural Interpretation in Renaissance Spain. By Emilia Fernández Tejero / Natalio Fernández Marcos, Madrid ;232
8.9.1;1. The Early Humanist Interpreters – Pablo de Burgos, Alfonso Fernández de Madrigal, Juan de Torquemada and Jaime Pérez de Valencia;232
8.9.2;2. The Sixteenth Century in Spain: Hermeneutics and Philology;234
8.9.2.1;2.1. Introductions to Scripture;234
8.9.2.1.1;2.1.1. Pedro Antonio Beuter;235
8.9.2.1.2;2.1.2. Martín Martínez de Cantalapiedra;235
8.9.2.2;2.2. Philological Exegesis;236
8.9.2.2.1;2.2.1. Cipriano de la Huerga;237
8.9.2.2.2;2.2.2. Gaspar de Grajal;239
8.9.2.2.3;2.2.3. Luis de León;240
8.9.2.2.4;2.2.4. Benito Arias Montano;243
8.9.3;3. The Sixteenth Century in Spain: Mysticism and Reformation;247
8.9.3.1;3.1. Bible and Mysticism – Francisco de Osuna, Teresa de Jesús and Juan de la Cruz;248
8.9.3.2;3.2. The Exegesis of the Spanish Reformers – Juan de Valdés and Casiodoro de Reina;251
8.9.4;4. A Retrospective View;253
8.10;11. Early Christian Hebraists. By Sophie Kessler Mesguich, Paris;255
8.10.1;1. Johannes Reuchlin;257
8.10.1.1;1.1. Reuchlin’s Life and Works;257
8.10.1.2;1.2. Hebrew Philology;259
8.10.1.3;1.3. Reuchlin and Jewish Books;263
8.10.1.4;1.4. Reuchlin and the Kabbalah;264
8.10.2;2. Christian Hebraists in Basel;265
8.10.2.1;2.1. Conrad Pellican, “who opened the way”;265
8.10.2.2;2.2. Wolfgang Fabricius Capito;269
8.10.2.3;2.3. Sebastian Münster;269
8.10.3;3. Eliyahu (Elias) Levita / Ashkenazi;273
8.11;12. From the First Printed Hebrew, Greek and Latin Bibles to the First Polyglot Bible, the Complutensian Polyglot: 1477–1517. By Adrian Schenker, Fribourg, CH;277
8.11.1;1. Early Printings of Hebrew Bible;277
8.11.2;2. The Polyglot Bible of Alcalá 1514–17;287
9;B. Scriptural Interpretation in Church Reforms and in the Reformation;294
9.1;13. Scriptural Interpretation in Pre-Reformation Dissident Movements. By G. R. Evans, Cambridge;296
9.1.1;1. Introduction;296
9.1.2;2. Petrus Waldes and the Waldensians;297
9.1.2.1;2.1. The Return to the Apostolic Life;297
9.1.2.2;2.2. The Life of Waldes and the Beginning of the Movement ;298
9.1.2.3;2.3. The Waldensian Ideal Matures;300
9.1.2.4;2.4. The Waldensian Bible;301
9.1.2.5;2.5. Exegetical Methods;302
9.1.2.6;2.6. Old Testament and New;303
9.1.2.7;2.7. Nulla salus extra ecclesiam and the Salvific Effect of the Bible;305
9.1.2.8;2.8. Conclusion;306
9.1.3;3. John Wyclif and the Lollards ;306
9.1.3.1;3.1. The Eternal Truth of Scripture: Wyclif’s First Controversial Position on Scripture;307
9.1.3.2;3.2. Does the Bible Mean What It Says?;308
9.1.3.3;3.3. Bible and a Church Gone Astray;309
9.1.3.4;3.4. Spirit-led Exegesis and Private Interpretation;310
9.1.3.5;3.5. Sola Scriptura and the Opus Evangelicum;312
9.1.3.6;3.6. The Lollards: the Movement;313
9.1.4;4. Jan Hus and the Hussites;313
9.1.4.1;4.1. Jan Hus from Dedicated Priest to Dissident;313
9.1.4.2;4.2. Hus’s Theological Position;315
9.1.4.3;4.3. Countenancing Dissidence;317
9.1.4.4;4.4. The Hussite ‘Movement’;318
9.2;14. From the Reform Councils to the Counter-Reformation – the Council as Interpreter of Scripture. By Oskar Skarsaune, Oslo;320
9.2.1;1. Introduction: Church Councils as Interpreters of Scripture;321
9.2.2;2. The Council of Constance (1414–1418);322
9.2.3;3. The Council(s) of Basel-Ferrara-Florence-Rome (1431–1445/49);325
9.2.4;4. Concluding Remarks;328
9.3;15. The Cultural and Sociopolitical Context of the Reformation. By Euan Cameron,NewYork;330
9.3.1;1. Introduction;330
9.3.2;2. The Religious Experience of the Majority;332
9.3.3;3. A Crisis in the Spiritual Leadership of the Church?;337
9.3.4;4. The Age of the Layperson?;340
9.3.5;5. A Quest for Charismatic or Miraculous Authority?;342
9.3.6;6. The Church and Political Power;344
9.3.7;7. Conclusion;346
9.4;16. The Reformation as an Epoch of the History of Theological Education. By Ulrich Köpf, Tübingen;348
9.4.1;1. The Importance of the Reformation for the History of Education;348
9.4.2;2. The Criticism of the Traditional System of Education by the Reformation;349
9.4.3;3. The Wittenberg Reformation of Studies;351
9.4.4;4. The Organization of Protestant Educational Institutions in the Area under the Influence of Wittenberg;357
9.4.4.1;4.1. Foundation of New Universities ;358
9.4.4.2;4.2. Reformation of Existing Universities;358
9.4.5;5. Alternative Institutions of Education;360
9.5;17. The Exegetical and Hermeneutical Work of Martin Luther. By Siegfried Raeder †;364
9.5.1;1. Luther as a Theologian Concentrating on the Bible;366
9.5.2;2. Luther as Successor of the Ancient and Medieval Interpreters of the Old Testament;367
9.5.3;3. Luther and the Humanistic Exegesis;369
9.5.4;4. Luther’s Hermeneutics or Method of Interpreting the Bible;371
9.5.4.1;4.1. The Findings in the Dictata super Psalterium;371
9.5.4.2;4.2. The Fourfold Sense of the Scriptures;372
9.5.4.3;4.3. The Relation of Tropology to Faith;373
9.5.4.4;4.4. Letter and Spirit;373
9.5.4.5;4.5. Was Luther an Anti-semitic Interpreter of the Old Testament?;374
9.5.4.6;4.6. Beginnings of Philological Exegesis;374
9.5.5;5. The New Testament Intermezzo;375
9.5.6;6. The Findings in the Operationes in Psalmos;375
9.5.6.1;6.1. Allegory as a Spiritual Game;375
9.5.6.2;6.2. Allegory and Metaphorical Speech;376
9.5.6.3;6.3. The Single Sense of Holy Scripture;376
9.5.6.4;6.4. Typological Interpretation;377
9.5.6.5;6.5. Grammatica theologica;377
9.5.6.6;6.6. The Gospel as the Centre of Interpretation;378
9.5.6.7;6.7. The Limits of Grammar. Words and Reality. Old Testament and New Testament;378
9.5.7;7. A Chronological Survey of Luther’s Lectures on the Old Testament;379
9.5.8;8. Luther’s Views on the Old Testament;383
9.5.8.1;8.1. The General Importance of the Old Testament for Christians;383
9.5.8.2;8.2. Summary of the Pentateuch;383
9.5.8.3;8.3. The Law of Moses;384
9.5.8.3.1;8.3.1. Content and Intention of the Mosaic Law;384
9.5.8.3.2;8.3.2. Luther’s Understanding of the Old Testament Law in Relation to Scholasticism and to Radical Reformation;385
9.5.8.3.3;8.3.3. The Law of Moses as the Sachsenspiegel of the Jews;386
9.5.8.4;8.4. The Poetic Books;387
9.5.8.5;8.5. The Old Testament Prophets;389
9.5.8.5.1;8.5.1. The Old Testament Prophets are Helpful for Christians ;389
9.5.8.5.2;8.5.2. The Great Prophets;390
9.5.8.5.3;8.5.3. The Twelve Prophets;393
9.5.8.6;8.6. A Critical Acknowledgement of Luther as an Interpreter of the Old Testament;395
9.5.9;9. Luther as a Translator of the Old Testament;396
9.5.9.1;9.1. Translations of the Bible into German in the Time before Luther;396
9.5.9.2;9.2. The Time of Preparation;398
9.5.9.3;9.3. The Chronology of Luther’s Translation of the Old Testament;398
9.5.9.4;9.4. Luther’s Method of Translating the Bible;401
9.5.9.4.1;9.4.1. Free Translation;402
9.5.9.4.2;9.4.2. Literal Translation ;402
9.5.9.4.3;9.4.3. Translation as a Form of Interpretation;404
9.5.9.4.4;9.4.4. Luther’s Scepticism about Rabbinical Philology;404
9.5.9.4.5;9.4.5. Philosophical and Theological Conditions of Luther’s Bible Translation;405
9.5.9.4.6;9.4.6. Did Luther ‘Christianize’ the Old Testament?;406
9.6;18. The Exegetical and Hermeneutical Work of John Oecolampadius, Huldrych Zwingli and John Calvin. By Peter Opitz, Zurich;408
9.6.1;I. John Oecolampadius;408
9.6.1.1;1. Oecolampadius in the Context of the Renaissance;408
9.6.1.2;2. Oecolampadius’s Exegesis of the Old Testament;409
9.6.2;II. Huldrych Zwingli;414
9.6.2.1;1. Zwingli in the Context of the Renaissance;415
9.6.2.1.1;1.1. His Career;415
9.6.2.1.2;1.2. The Meaning of Scripture;416
9.6.2.1.3;1.3. The Meaning of the Old Testament;417
9.6.2.2;2. Zwingli’s Exegesis of the Old Testament;420
9.6.2.2.1;2.1. The Prophezei;421
9.6.2.2.2;2.2. Scriptural Exposition as ‘Prophecy’;422
9.6.2.2.3;2.3. Zwingli’s Exegetical Works;423
9.6.2.2.4;2.4. Zwingli’s Exegetical Procedure;424
9.6.3;III. John Calvin;429
9.6.3.1;1. Calvin in the Context of the Renaissance;430
9.6.3.1.1;1.1. Calvin’s Education in the humanae artes;430
9.6.3.1.2;1.2. The artes liberales in the Service of the Exposition of Scripture;431
9.6.3.1.2.1;1.2.1. The Question of the mens scriptoris;432
9.6.3.1.2.2;1.2.2. Drawing out the “Use” as Goal of Exegesis;435
9.6.3.2;2. The Relationship of the Testaments;435
9.6.3.3;3. Calvin’s Exegesis of the Old Testament;439
9.6.3.3.1;3.1. The Exposition of Old Testament Books in Sermons, Lectures, and Commentaries;440
9.6.3.3.2;3.2. Principles in the Exposition of Old Testament Texts;441
9.6.3.3.2.1;3.2.1. Sensus literalis and mens scriptoris;441
9.6.3.3.2.2;3.2.2. Situation Analogy in One Covenant and Pneumatic Body of Christ;442
9.6.3.3.2.3;3.2.3. History of Education;443
9.6.3.3.2.3.1;3.2.3.1. The Historical Texts;443
9.6.3.3.2.3.2;3.2.3.2. The Law;445
9.6.3.3.2.3.3;3.2.3.3. The Prophets;446
9.6.3.3.2.4;3.2.4. History of Liberation;446
9.6.3.3.2.5;3.2.5. Christological Interpretation: Christ as Aim and Substance of the Law;448
9.6.3.3.2.5.1;3.2.5.1. Christ as Goal and “Soul” of the Law;448
9.6.3.3.2.5.2;3.2.5.2. Prophetic-typological Interpretation as Christological Interpretation ;449
9.7;19. Pluriformity of Early Reformation Scriptural Interpretation. By R. Gerald Hobbs, Vancouver, BC;453
9.7.1;1. Martin Bucer and the Upper Rhine School;453
9.7.1.1;1.1. Strasbourg and the Upper Rhine School;454
9.7.1.2;1.2. Capito, Bucer and the Reform in Strasbourg;456
9.7.1.3;1.3. Interpreting the Old Testament;461
9.7.1.4;1.4. The Hermeneutic of the Old Testament;474
9.7.1.5;1.5. The Upper Rhine School;482
9.7.2;2. Philipp Melanchthon and the Wittenbergers;488
9.7.2.1;2.1. Philipp Melanchthon;490
9.7.2.2;2.2. Exegetical Activity;492
9.7.2.3;2.3. Interpreting the Old Testament;497
9.7.2.4;2.4. Melanchthon and the Jews;509
9.7.2.5;2.5. Conclusion;512
9.8;20. Humanism and Reformation in England and Scotland. By Richard Rex, Cambridge;513
9.8.1;1. Bible and Theology;514
9.8.1.1;1.1. Bible – a Closed Book?;514
9.8.1.2;1.2. Theology;518
9.8.2;2. Renaissance Humanism;520
9.8.2.1;2.1. The Study of Hebrew;521
9.8.2.2;2.2. The ‘King’s Great Matter’;524
9.8.2.3;2.3. Hebrew in the English and Scottish Universities;525
9.8.2.4;2.4. The Old Testament in Politics;528
9.8.3;3. The Protestant Reformation;530
9.9;21. History and Impact of English Bible Translations. By Henry Wansbrough, Oxford;537
9.9.1;1. Anglo-Saxon Bible Translations;538
9.9.2;2. The Wycliffite Bible;539
9.9.2.1;2.1. Context;539
9.9.2.2;2.2. The Translation;540
9.9.2.3;2.3. Aftermath;542
9.9.3;3. Tyndale’s Translation;542
9.9.3.1;3.1. Literary Context;542
9.9.3.2;3.2. William Tyndale;544
9.9.3.3;3.3. Subsequent Sixteenth Century Translations;547
9.9.4;4. The King James Bible;551
9.9.4.1;4.1. The Genesis of the Version;551
9.9.4.2;4.2. The Impact of the King James Version;552
9.10;22. Three French Bible Translations. By Bertram Eugene Schwarzbach, Paris;554
9.10.1;1. General Introduction;554
9.10.2;2. Pierre-Robert Olivétan;559
9.10.3;3. Sébastien Châteillon;563
9.10.4;4. Louis-Isaac le Maistre de Sacy ;567
9.11;23. Scriptural Interpretation among Radical Reformers. By Hans-Jürgen Goertz, Hamburg;577
9.11.1;1. Karlstadt: Letter and Spirit;578
9.11.2;2. Müntzer: “Living Word” and “Dead Thing”;582
9.11.3;3. Anabaptists: Between Biblicism and Spiritualism;585
9.11.3.1;3.1. The Anabaptists in Switzerland;587
9.11.3.2;3.2. The Anabaptists in Central and Southern Germany;589
9.11.3.3;3.3. The Anabaptists in Northern Germany and the Netherlands;594
9.11.4;4. The Spiritualists: Spirit and Scripture;597
9.11.5;5. Antitrinitarians and Paracelsus: on the Way to Historical-critical Exegesis;601
9.12;24. Further Development of Reformation Hermeneutics. By Bernt T. Oftestad, Oslo;603
9.12.1;1. Introduction;603
9.12.2;2. The Hermeneutics of Matthias Flacius Illyricus;605
9.12.3;3. Martin Chemnitz and his Focus on the ‘Scriptural’ Character of Theology;613
9.13;25. Catholic Old Testament Interpretation in the Reformation and Early Confessional Eras. By Jared Wicks, University Heights, OH;618
9.13.1;1. The Old Testament Interpretation of Tommaso de Vio, Cardinal Cajetan;618
9.13.1.1;1.1. Cajetan’s Interpretive Work;619
9.13.1.2;1.2. Cajetan’s Hebrew Canon;622
9.13.1.3;1.3. A Critical Reception of Cajetan’s Commentaries;623
9.13.2;2. The Decrees of the Council of Trent on the Old Testament Canon, the Vulgate and Biblical Interpretation;625
9.13.2.1;2.1. Trent’s Reception of the Canon and Apostolic Traditions;625
9.13.2.2;2.2. Trent’s Decree on the “Authenticity” of the Vulgate;628
9.13.2.3;2.3. Trent on Interpretation and Diffusion of Scripture;630
9.13.2.4;2.4. Biblical Lectureships and Preaching;632
9.13.3;3. The Status of the Vulgate;633
9.13.4;4. Biblical Studies in the Early Jesuit Order;637
9.13.5;5. Post-Tridentine Bible Commentators;640
9.13.5.1;5.1. Sixtus of Siena;640
9.13.5.2;5.2. Francisco Foreiro;641
9.13.5.3;5.3. Andreas Masius;642
9.13.5.4;5.4. Juan Maldonado;644
9.13.5.5;5.5. Benito Perera;645
9.13.5.6;5.6. Robert Bellarmine;647
9.14;26. The Educational System during the Confessional Period. By Ulrich Köpf, Tübingen;650
9.14.1;1. The Importance of the Confessional Age for the Educational System;650
9.14.2;2. Reformation of Education in Roman Catholicism;652
9.14.2.1;2.1. The Reforming Work of the Council of Trent ;652
9.14.2.2;2.2. The Jesuit Order;653
9.14.3;3. Institutions of Education and Erudition;656
9.14.4;4. Theological Studies;660
9.14.5;5. The Ending of the Confessional Age by Enlightenment and Pietism;661
10;C. Scriptural Interpretation between Orthodoxy and Rationalism and the Establishing of a Historical-Critical Study of the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries;664
10.1;27. On the Treshold of a New Age: Expanding Horizons as the Broader Context of Scriptural Interpretation. By Charlotte Methuen, Oxford;666
10.1.1;1. The Medieval World View;666
10.1.2;2. Copernicus, Comets, and Voyages of Discovery: A New Heaven, a New World and a New World View;669
10.1.2.1;2.1. Voyages of Discovery and the Expansion of the Natural World;669
10.1.2.2;2.2. Comets and the Critique of Aristotelian Cosmology;670
10.1.2.3;2.3. Nicolaus Copernicus, the Copernican Hypothesis and Problems of Biblical Interpretation;671
10.1.3;3. A New Astronomy, its Interpretative Consequences and the Reaction of the Church;674
10.1.3.1;3.1. Melanchthon, Rheticus and Peucer: Responses to Copernicus in Wittenberg;674
10.1.3.2;3.2. Johannes Kepler: Priest of the Book of Nature;677
10.1.3.3;3.3. The Universe of Giordano Bruno;680
10.1.3.4;3.4. Galileo Galilei: Quantifiable Physics and Cosmology;682
10.1.4;4. A New Science: The Mechanical Philosophy;685
10.1.4.1;4.1. Robert Boyle;686
10.1.4.2;4.2. Isaac Newton;687
10.1.5;5. The Broadening of the Historiographical Perspective;690
10.2;28. The Development of the Reformation Legacy: Hermeneutics and Interpretation of the Sacred Scripture in the Age of Orthodoxy. By Johann Anselm Steiger, Hamburg;692
10.2.1;1. The Age of Protestant Orthodoxy;698
10.2.1.1;1.1. Observations on the History of Research;698
10.2.1.2;1.2. Orthodoxy – the Age of Developing Protestant Fundamentals;701
10.2.2;2. The Word of God and scriptura sacra. The Divine Inspiration of Scripture;704
10.2.3;3. The Clarification of the Relationship of scriptura sacra and the Holy Spirit in the Course of the Rahtmann Controversy;711
10.2.4;4. The affectiones scripturae sacrae;716
10.2.5;5. Methodical Instructions to the Exegesis of Scripture – Philological eruditio and Meditative pietas;723
10.2.6;6. The Interest of Orthodox Theologians in the Rabbinical History of Interpretation ;726
10.2.7;7. Typological and Allegorical Exegesis of the Old Testament. Intertestamentary Hermeneutics;733
10.2.8;8. Hermeneutica Sacra and Philologia Sacra;741
10.2.9;9. The Multifaceted Richness of the Orthodox Exposition of the Old Testament;745
10.2.10;10. Critica Sacra;748
10.2.11;11. Peculiarities of the Dealing with Scripture within Rational Orthodoxy;754
10.3;29. The Catholic Counterpart and Response to the Protestant Orthodoxy. By Pierre Gibert, Paris;759
10.3.1;1. Jacques Bonfrère;759
10.3.2;2. Cornelius a Lapide;765
10.3.3;3. Jean Morin;768
10.4;30. The Polyglot Bibles of Antwerp, Paris and London: 1568–1658. By Adrian Schenker, Fribourg, CH;775
10.4.1;1. The Antwerp Polyglot Bible 1568–72;776
10.4.2;2. The Paris Polyglot Bible 1628–45;780
10.4.3;3. The Polyglot Bible of London 1653–57(58);782
10.5;31. Later Christian Hebraists. By Stephen G. Burnett, Lincoln, NE;786
10.5.1;1. The Buxtorfs of Basel;788
10.5.2;2. Louis Cappel and the Birth of Textual Criticism;790
10.5.3;3. Albert Schultens and Comparative Semitic Philology;793
10.5.4;4. Benjamin Kennicott and Giovanni de Rossi and the Search for the True Hebrew Bible Text;796
10.5.5;5. Conclusion;802
10.6;32. Growing Tension between Church Doctrines and Critical Exegesis of the Old Testament. By H. J. M. Nellen, The Hague;803
10.6.1;1. Introduction;803
10.6.2;2. Faustus Socinus;804
10.6.3;3. Hugo Grotius;809
10.6.4;4. Isaac de La Peyrère;818
10.6.5;5. René Descartes / Cartesius;824
10.6.6;6. Conclusion;827
10.7;33. The Bible Hermeneutics of Baruch de Spinoza. By Steven Nadler, Madison, WI;828
10.8;34. Early Old Testament Critics in the Roman Catholic Church – Focusing on the Pentateuch. By John W. Rogerson, Sheffield ;838
10.8.1;1. Richard Simon;839
10.8.2;2. Augustin Calmet;844
10.8.3;3. Jean Astruc;847
10.8.4;4. Charles François Houbigant;849
10.9;35. English Rationalism, Deism and Early Biblical Criticism. By Henning Graf Reventlow, Bochum;852
10.9.1;1. Origins of Deism. The Impact of Philosophical, Ecclesiastical and Theological Currents That Were Influential on Basic Convictions of the English Deists;853
10.9.2;2. Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury – the First English Deist?;857
10.9.3;3. Prominent Deistic Authors and the Bible;860
10.9.3.1;3.1. John Toland;860
10.9.3.2;3.2. Anthony Collins;863
10.9.3.3;3.3. Matthew Tindal;865
10.9.3.4;3.4. Thomas Morgan;868
10.9.4;4. Apologetic Authors;870
10.9.4.1;4.1. Samuel Clarke;871
10.9.4.2;4.2. William Warburton;873
10.10;36. Early Rationalism and Biblical Criticism on the Continent. By Christoph Bultmann, Erfurt;876
10.10.1;1. Introduction;876
10.10.2;2. Hermann Samuel Reimarus;879
10.10.3;3. Voltaire;885
10.10.4;4. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing;894
10.11;37. Scriptural Understanding and Interpretation in Pietism. By Johannes Wallmann, Berlin;903
10.11.1;1. Roots of the Pietism;904
10.11.2;2. The Pietism of Philipp Jakob Spener and August Hermann Francke: Their Promotion of Biblical Studies;906
10.11.2.1;2.1. Philipp Jakob Spener;906
10.11.2.2;2.2. August Hermann Francke;910
10.11.3;3. The Bearing of Radical Pietism on Scriptural Interpretation;913
10.11.4;4. The Biblical Studies of Johann Albrecht Bengel;918
10.11.5;5. The Exegetical and Hermeneutical Significance of Pietism;921
10.12;38. Scriptural Interpretation in English Literary Tradition. By Stephen Prickett, Waco, TX;927
10.12.1;1. John Milton;928
10.12.2;2. Pilgrim’s Progress of John Bunyan;933
10.12.3;3. Scriptural Interpretation in Hymns: George Herbert, Isaac Watts and Charles Wesley;938
10.13;39. Hermeneutics in Hasidism. By Moshe Idel, Jerusalem ;944
10.13.1;1. From the Oral Community to Written Documents;944
10.13.2;2. Exegetical Grids in Hasidism;945
10.13.3;3. The Divinity within and between the Torah-Letters or Represented by Them;946
10.13.4;4. Atomization of the Text;948
10.13.5;5. Letters as Palaces and Light;951
10.13.6;6. Hasidism and Strong Interpreters;952
10.14;40. Early Old Testament Critics in Great Britain. By William McKane †;954
10.14.1;1. Introductory: Warburton and Lowth;954
10.14.2;2. William Warburton and His Polemic Correspondence with Robert Lowth;955
10.14.3;3. Robert Lowth;959
10.14.4;4. Alexander Geddes;965
10.15;41. Early Old Testament Critics on the Continent. By John Sandys-Wunsch, Victoria, BC;972
10.15.1;1. Introduction;972
10.15.2;2. Campegius Vitringa;973
10.15.2.1;2.1. The Influence of the New Importance Attributed to History;973
10.15.2.2;2.2. Vitringa and Cocceius’ Federal Theology;974
10.15.2.3;2.3. New Departures in the Isaiah Commentary;976
10.15.3;3. Johann August Ernesti;977
10.15.4;4. Johann David Michaelis;981
10.16;42. Historical Criticism of the Old Testament Canon. By John H. Hayes, Atlanta, GA;986
10.16.1;1. Early Canon Criticism;986
10.16.2;2. The New Canon Criticism of Johann Salomo Semler;996
10.17;43. Jewish Study of the Bible Before and During the Jewish Enlightenment. By Edward Breuer, Jerusalem;1007
10.17.1;1. Introduction;1007
10.17.2;2. The Study of the Hebrew Bible in the Eighteenth Century;1009
10.17.3;3. The Early Haskalah and Bible Study;1011
10.17.4;4. Moses Mendelssohn and His New Edition of the Pentateuch;1016
10.17.5;5. Other Contributors to the Haskala;1022
10.18;44. Towards the End of the ‘Century of Enlightenment’: Established Shift from Sacra Scriptura to Literary Documents and Religion of the People of Israel. By Henning Graf Reventlow, Bochum;1025
10.18.1;1. The French Revolution of 1789 – a Symptom of a New Political and Cultural Situation ;1025
10.18.2;2. Immanuel Kant – the Impact of His Philosophy on Biblical Hermeneutics;1035
10.18.3;3. Johann Gottfried Herder – Theologian, Promoter of Humanity, Historian;1042
10.18.4;4. Johann Gottfried Eichhorn – His Einleitung in das alte Testament as a ‘Summa’ of the New ‘Higher Criticism’;1052
10.18.5;5. Johann Philipp Gabler and the New Discipline of a ‘Biblical Theology’;1058
11;Contributors;1068
12;Abbreviations;1075
13;Indexes (Names / Topics / References) ;1082
