Part 2: The Twentieth Century - From Modernism to Post-Modernism
E-Book, Englisch, Band 302, 816 Seiten
Reihe: Hebrew Bible / Old Testament.
ISBN: 978-3-647-54022-1
Verlag: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
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1;Cover;1
2;Title Page;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Body;18
6;Preface;18
7;25. In Our Own, Post-modern Time – Introductory Remarks on Two Methodological Problems in Biblical Studies By Magne Sæbø, Oslo;20
7.1;1. Contemporary History as a Historiographical Challenge;22
7.2;2. On the Methodological Pluralism of Contemporary Biblical Studies;24
8;A. General Prospects of Context and Approaches of Biblical Interpretation in the Twentieth Century ;28
8.1;26. Basic Questions of Hermeneutics as Part of the Cultural and Philosophical Framework of Recent Bible Studies. By Dagfinn Føllesdal, Oslo / Stanford;30
8.1.1;1. Hermeneutics;31
8.1.1.1;1.1. Hermeneutics in China;31
8.1.1.2;1.2. Canon. Theology and Law. Philosophy;32
8.1.1.3;1.3. Expansion to Literary and Other Kinds of Texts;33
8.1.1.4;1.4. Hermeneutics and Natural Science;33
8.1.1.5;1.5. The Hermeneutic Circle;34
8.1.1.6;1.6. The “New” Hermeneutics. Husserl, Heidegger and Gadamer;35
8.1.1.7;1.7. Hermeneutics of Suspicion. Habermas. Ricoeur;38
8.1.1.8;1.8. What are we after in Hermeneutics? Meaning?;39
8.1.2;2. What is Meaning? Quine and Davidson;40
8.1.2.1;2.1. The Public Nature of Language;40
8.1.2.2;2.2. Problems with Perception;41
8.1.2.3;2.3. The Early Davidson: “Maximize Agreement”;43
8.1.3;3. Conclusion;45
8.2;27. The Linguistic Context of Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic in the Framework of Semitic Philology, Including Semitic Epigraphy. By Steven E. Fassberg, Jerusalem;46
8.2.1;1. Increasing Knowledge of the Semitic Languages;47
8.2.2;2. Discoveries in Northwest Semitic ;49
8.2.3;3. Discoveries in Hebrew;51
8.2.4;4. Discoveries in Aramaic;55
8.2.5;5. Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic Grammars and Dictionaries in the Light of New Data;56
8.3;28. Institutions and Social Life in Ancient Israel: Sociological Aspects By Anselm C. Hagedorn, Berlin;59
8.3.1;1. Introduction;62
8.3.2;2. From J. Wellhausen and M. Weber to R. de Vaux;65
8.3.2.1;2.1. Julius Wellhausen (1844–1918);65
8.3.2.2;2.2. Max Weber (1864–1920);68
8.3.2.3;2.3. Johs. Pedersen (1883–1977);75
8.3.2.4;2.4. Antonin Causse (1877–1947);78
8.3.2.5;2.5. Roland de Vaux (1903–1971);82
8.3.3;3. Beyond Roland de Vaux;84
8.3.3.1;3.1. Anthropologists Discover the Hebrew Bible;84
8.3.3.2;3.2. The Study of Institutions and Social Life in Ancient Israel since 1970;91
8.4;29. The Legacy of the Literary-critical School and the Growing Opposition to Historico-critical Bible Studies. The Concept of ‘History’ Revisited – Wirkungsgeschichte and Reception History. By John Barton, Oxford;97
8.4.1;1. Early Opposition to Historical Criticism;98
8.4.2;2. Biblical Archaeology;101
8.4.3;3. Karl Barth and the Canonical Approach;102
8.4.4;4. Advocacy Readings;109
8.4.5;5. Literary Study of the Bible;111
8.4.6;6. Postmodernism;113
8.4.7;7. Reader-response Criticism and Wirkungsgeschichte;116
8.4.8;8. New Historicism;121
8.4.9;9. The Term ‘Historical Criticism’;122
8.5;30. The Emergence of the Form-critical and Traditio-historical Approaches. By Antony F. Campbell, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;126
8.5.1;1. Introductory;127
8.5.2;2. Hermann Gunkel;129
8.5.3;3. Hugo Gressmann;134
8.5.4;4. In the Wake of Hermann Gunkel;137
8.5.4.1;4.1. Johannes Hempel;137
8.5.4.2;4.2. Albrecht Alt ;138
8.5.4.3;4.3. Sigmund Mowinckel;139
8.5.4.4;4.4. Gerhard von Rad;139
8.5.4.5;4.5. Martin Noth;142
8.5.4.6;4.6. Klaus Koch;143
8.5.4.7;4.7. Rolf Knierim;145
8.5.5;5. Conclusion;146
8.6;31. Contemporary Methods in Hebrew Bible Criticism. By David J. A. Clines, Sheffield;149
8.6.1;1. Literary Criticism;150
8.6.1.1;1.1. Genre Criticism;150
8.6.1.2;1.2. Rhetorical Criticism;152
8.6.1.3;1.3. New Criticism / Formalism / Close Reading / Narratology;153
8.6.1.4;1.4. Reader-response Criticism;154
8.6.1.5;1.5. Reception Criticism;155
8.6.1.6;1.6. Intertextuality;158
8.6.2;2. Structuralism and Poststructuralism;159
8.6.2.1;2.1. Structuralism;159
8.6.2.2;2.2. Poststructuralism;160
8.6.2.3;2.3. Deconstruction;160
8.6.3;3. Ideological Criticisms;161
8.6.3.1;3.1. Feminist Criticism;161
8.6.3.2;3.2. Gender Criticism;163
8.6.3.3;3.3. Materialist / Political Criticism;165
8.6.3.4;3.4. Postcolonial Criticism;166
8.6.3.5;3.5. Minority Criticism;167
8.6.3.6;3.6. Cultural Criticism;167
8.6.3.7;3.7. Autobiographical Criticism;168
8.6.3.8;3.8. Psychoanalytic Criticism;169
8.7;32. The Significance of the Old Testament in Twentieth Century Systematic Theology. By Manfred Oeming, Heidelberg;171
8.7.1;1. Preliminary Remarks;173
8.7.2;2. Karl Barth;175
8.7.3;3. Dietrich Bonhoeffer;182
8.7.4;4. Hans Urs von Balthasar;188
8.7.5;5. Conclusion;195
8.8;33. Types of a Recent ‘Canonical Approach’ By Dennis Olson, Princeton, NJ;197
8.8.1;1. Canonical Aspects in Modern Biblical Studies ;201
8.8.2;2. The ‘Canonical Approach’ of Brevard S. Childs;203
8.8.2.1;2.1. Childs: Three Underlying Convictions;204
8.8.2.2;2.2. Childs: Three Touchstones in the Practice of a Canonical Interpretation;208
8.8.2.3;2.3. Critiques of Childs’s Canonical Approach;211
8.8.3;3. The ‘Canon-critical’ Position of James A. Sanders;213
8.8.3.1;3.1. Sanders’ Canonical Hermeneutics: Steps in the Process;215
8.8.3.2;3.2. Sanders: Torah, Pentateuch, and Monotheizing;216
8.8.4;4. Recent Discussions of the ‘Canonical Approach’;217
9;B. Main Regional and Confessional Areas of the Twentieth Century Biblical Scholarship ;220
9.1;34. Studies in the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament in the Americas of the Twentieth Century. By Douglas A. Knight, Nashville, TN;222
9.1.1;1. Introduction;225
9.1.2;2. Location and Culture;225
9.1.2.1;2.1. Ethnicity and Location;225
9.1.2.2;2.2. Religiosity;227
9.1.3;3. Sociology of Knowledge and Scholarship;230
9.1.4;4. History of Biblical Scholarship in the Americas since 1900;236
9.1.4.1;4.1. The Period from 1900 to 1940;236
9.1.4.2;4.2. The Period from 1940 to 1968;240
9.1.4.3;4.3. The Period from 1968 to the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century;246
9.2;35. Studies in the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament in Africa, Australia / New Zealand and Asia ;254
9.2.1;1. The Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies in Africa. By Hendrik Bosman, Stellenbosch;254
9.2.1.1;1. Introduction;256
9.2.1.2;2. Context of Biblical Interpretation in Africa;257
9.2.1.2.1;2.1. Bible Translation;257
9.2.1.2.2;2.2. Theological Colleges, Seminaries and Faculties;258
9.2.1.2.3;2.3. Theological Journals;259
9.2.1.2.4;2.4. Academic Organizations and Societies;259
9.2.1.2.5;2.5. Ecclesial Contexts;261
9.2.1.3;3. Approaches to Biblical Interpretation in Africa;262
9.2.1.3.1;3.1. Surveys of Existing Approaches;262
9.2.1.3.2;3.2. Pre-modern and Pre-critical Approaches;264
9.2.1.3.3;3.3. Modern and Critical Approaches;266
9.2.1.3.4;3.4. Post-modern and Post-critical Approaches ;267
9.2.1.4;4. Prospects of Biblical Interpretation in Africa;268
9.2.2;2. The Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies in Twentieth Century Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. By Mark A. O’Brien, Melbourne;270
9.2.2.1;1. Introduction;272
9.2.2.2;2. Up to the First World War of 1914–1918;273
9.2.2.3;3. War Years and Post-war Years: 1914–1960;277
9.2.2.4;4. From the 1960’s to the End of the Century;282
9.2.3;3. The Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies in Asia. By Seizo Sekine, Tokyo;286
9.2.3.1;1. Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies in Japan;286
9.2.3.1.1;1.1. The Society for Old Testament Study in Japan and the Japanese Biblical Institute;286
9.2.3.1.2;1.2. Overview of International Research Achievements;288
9.2.3.1.3;1.3. Overview of Domestic Research Achievements;291
9.2.3.1.4;1.4. Prospects of Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies in Japan;293
9.2.3.2;2. Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies in South Korea;294
9.2.3.2.1;2.1. Overview of Research Achievements;295
9.2.3.2.2;2.2. Prospects of Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies in South Korea;297
9.2.3.3;3. Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies in China;297
9.2.3.3.1;3.1. Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies as Literature: the Central Thread;297
9.2.3.3.2;3.2. Hebrew Bible / Old Testament as a Small Part of Chinese Theology;298
9.2.3.3.3;3.3. Old Testament Studies as One Independent Discipline;299
9.3;36. Biblical Scholarship on the European Continent and in the United Kingdom and Ireland. By John Barton, Oxford;301
9.3.1;1. The Triumph of Wellhausen;303
9.3.2;2. Wellhausen’s Agenda;305
9.3.3;3. Sources;307
9.3.4;4. Religious History;315
9.3.5;5. Prophecy;320
9.3.6;6. History;327
9.3.7;7. Behind or in Front of the Text?;330
9.3.8;8. Text and Versions;334
9.3.9;9. Conclusion;336
9.4;37. Biblical Scholarship in Northern Europe. By Antti Laato, Aabo;337
9.4.1;1. Early Impulses to Scandinavian Old Testament Scholarship ;342
9.4.2;2. Understanding the Old Testament Texts from the Inside – Johannes Pedersen;345
9.4.3;3. Scandinavian Tribute to the Book of Psalms – Sigmund Mowinckel;348
9.4.4;4. The Uppsala School and Sacral Kingship – Ivan Engnell;351
9.4.5;5. Research on the Prophetic Literature;357
9.4.6;6. Deuteronomistic History – The Göttingen School at Helsinki;364
9.4.7;7. The Copenhagen School – New Trends in the History of Israel;366
9.4.8;8. Methodological Pluralism – Tryggve N. D. Mettinger as an Example;368
9.4.9;9. Old Testament Theology – Why Not?;370
9.5;38. Major Developments in Jewish Biblical Scholarship. By S. David Sperling, New York;372
10;C. Special Fields and Different Approaches in the Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament ;390
10.1;39. Questions of the ‘History of Israel’ in Recent Research. By Jean Louis Ska, Rome;392
10.1.1;1. The Intellectual Climate in Historical Research in the Twentieth Century;392
10.1.1.1;1.1. The “Annales School”;393
10.1.1.2;1.2. The “New Historicism” and its Impact on the Biblical Field;395
10.1.2;2. The Impact of Hermann Gunkel and Hugo Gressmann;400
10.1.3;3. The Problem of the Beginning of Israel’s History;404
10.1.4;4. The Discussion around the Definition of History and Historiography;407
10.1.5;5. The History of Israel before 1975;410
10.1.5.1;5.1. Gerhard von Rad (1901–1971): History or History of Salvation?;411
10.1.5.2;5.2. The History of Israel of Martin Noth (1902–1968);413
10.1.5.2.1;5.2.1. The Peaceful Occupation of the Land by the Tribes of Israel;414
10.1.5.2.2;5.2.2. The Confederation of the Twelve Tribes of Israel;415
10.1.5.3;5.3. W. F. Albright (1891–1971) and the so-called North-American School;417
10.1.5.4;5.4. Roland Guérin de Vaux (1903–1971) and the so-called French School;421
10.1.6;6. The Debate around the so-called “Copenhagen and Sheffield School”;423
10.1.7;7. Histories of Ancient Israel from 1970 up till 2013 ;427
10.1.8;8. As a Conclusion: some Open Questions;429
10.1.9;9. Conclusion;433
10.2;40. Changes in Pentateuchal Criticism. By David M. Carr, New York;434
10.2.1;1. Introduction;434
10.2.2;2. Anticipations of the Later Crisis;435
10.2.2.1;2.1. Older Questions about the Four Document Approach;436
10.2.2.2;2.2. Publications in the Sixties by Samuel Sandmel and Frederick Winnett;437
10.2.3;3. The Nineteen-seventies and an Emerging Crisis in Pentateuchal Scholarship;439
10.2.3.1;3.1. The So-Called “Toronto School” of Pentateuchal Scholarship;439
10.2.3.2;3.2. Tremors in the Source-Critical Foundation in Europe;441
10.2.4;4. The Unfolding Debate in the Nineteen-Eighties and Nineties (Focus on Non-Priestly Material);445
10.2.5;5. Developments in Concepts of the Priestly Layer;455
10.2.6;6. A Trend Toward Identification of Post-Priestly Elements in the Pentateuch;461
10.2.7;7. Emerging Concensus in Europe and Backlash;465
10.3;41. Historiography in the Old Testament. By Walter Dietrich, Bern;468
10.3.1;1. Old Testament Historiography;468
10.3.2;2. The Deuteronomistic Historiography;470
10.3.2.1;2.1. Preliminary Remarks;472
10.3.2.2;2.2. Development of the Hypothesis of the Deuteronomistic History;474
10.3.2.3;2.3. Questioning the Hypothesis;477
10.3.2.4;2.4. Variations of the Hypothesis;479
10.3.2.4.1;2.4.1. The So-called ‘Block Model’;480
10.3.2.4.2;2.4.2. The So-called ‘Layer Model’;482
10.3.2.4.3;2.4.3. Compromise Models;484
10.3.2.5;2.5. Conclusions;486
10.3.3;3. The Chronistic Historiography;489
10.3.3.1;3.1. The Question of a ‘Chronistic Work of History’ and the Character of Ezra-Nehemiah;490
10.3.3.2;3.2. The Question of Further Sources and the Historical Reliability of Chronicles;496
10.3.3.3;3.3. Literary and Theological Ambitions of the Chronicler;498
10.4;42. The Prophets and the Prophetic Books, Prophetic Circles and Traditions – New Trends, Including Religio-psychological Aspects. By Marvin A. Sweeney, Claremont, CA;501
10.4.1;1. Introduction ;501
10.4.2;2. Late-Nineteenth and Early-Twentieth Century Sources: Wellhausen, Duhm, and Hölscher;502
10.4.3;3. The Impact of Tradition-Historical Research: Gunkel, Mowinckel, Noth, and von Rad;506
10.4.4;4. Classical Form-Critical Research: Study of Prophetic Genres and Their Social Contexts;510
10.4.5;5. The Formation of Prophetic Books: Redaction- and Canonical-Critical Approaches;516
10.4.5.1;5.1. The Book of Isaiah;517
10.4.5.2;5.2. The Book of Jeremiah;520
10.4.5.3;5.3. The Book of Ezekiel;524
10.4.5.4;5.4. The Book of the Twelve Prophets;526
10.4.6;6. Conclusions and Prospects for Future Study;531
10.5;43. The Psalms – Their Cultic Setting, Forms and Traditions By Corinna Körting, Hamburg / Oslo;532
10.5.1;1. Introduction;535
10.5.2;2. Form- and Genre-Critic;536
10.5.2.1;2.1. Genre according to Gunkel;538
10.5.2.2;2.2. Ongoing Research on Genre;541
10.5.3;3. The Significant Role of the Cult: Tradition- and Cult-historical Research;543
10.5.3.1;3.1. Sigmund Mowinckel and the Enthronement Festival;543
10.5.3.2;3.2. Further Research: the Cult Pattern and the Central Role of the King .;544
10.5.3.3;3.3. A Shift in German Research;547
10.5.4;4. Methodological Plurality;549
10.5.5;5. The Search for a “Theology of the Psalms”;550
10.5.5.1;5.1. “Zion-Theology”;552
10.5.6;6. “Shape and Shaping of the Psalter”;553
10.5.7;7. The Textual Basis – the Masoretic text, the Septuagint and the Qumran-Psalter;556
10.6;44. The Phenomenon and Literature of Wisdom in Its Near Eastern Context and in the Biblical Wisdom Books. By Knut M. Heim, Bristol;560
10.6.1;1. Introduction;567
10.6.2;2. A Brief History of Compendia of Ancient Near Eastern Texts;569
10.6.3;3. The Book of Proverbs;572
10.6.3.1;3.1. General Studies on Wisdom Literature in its Near Eastern Context;573
10.6.3.2;3.2. Interim Summary and Conclusion;580
10.6.3.3;3.3. Other Themes in Proverbs;581
10.6.3.4;3.4. Commentaries on Proverbs ;584
10.6.4;4. The Book of Job;586
10.6.4.1;4.1. Job in its Near Eastern Context;586
10.6.4.2;4.2. Commentaries on Job;590
10.6.5;5. The Book of Ecclesiastes;591
10.6.5.1;5.1. Ecclesiastes in its Near Eastern Context;591
10.6.5.2;5.2. Commentaries on Ecclesiastes;592
10.6.6;6. Conclusion and Outlook into the Twenty-first Century;593
10.7;45. The Study of Law and Ethics in the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament. By Eckart Otto, Munich;595
10.7.1;1. The Legal History of the Hebrew Bible in the Horizon of an Ancient Near Eastern Legal History;598
10.7.2;2. The Ethics of the Hebrew Bible in its Ancient Near Eastern Context;611
10.8;46. Problems and Prospects of a ‘History of the Religion of Israel’. By Joachim Schaper, Aberdeen;623
10.8.1;1. The Rise of the ‘History of Israelite Religion’ Genre in Old Testament Scholarship;626
10.8.2;2. Histories of Israelite Religion between the Wars and after the Second World War;632
10.8.3;3. Attempts at Mediation;634
10.8.4;4. The Recent Controversy;635
10.8.4.1;4.1. The History of Israelite Religion and/versus the Theology of the Old Testament;635
10.8.4.2;4.2. History of Israelite Religion versus Old Testament Theology – which has Pride of Place?;636
10.8.4.3;4.3. The true ‘Queen’ of the Genres of Old Testament scholarship, and the History of Israelite Religion;640
10.8.5;5. Epilogue;641
10.9;47. Old Testament Theology – Preliminary Conclusions and Future Prospects. By Bernd Janowski, Tübingen;643
10.9.1;1. Survey of Recent Scholarship;648
10.9.1.1;1.1. Theology of the Old Testament as Re-telling;649
10.9.1.2;1.2. History of Israelite Religion as a “Summarising Discipline”;653
10.9.2;2. Arguments for an Integrative Perspective;657
10.9.2.1;2.1. The Correlation between the History of Religion and Theology;658
10.9.2.1.1;2.1.1. The History of Israelite Religion;659
10.9.2.1.2;2.1.2. Old Testament Theology / Theology of the OT;663
10.9.2.2;2.2. The Hermeneutical Function of the Canon;669
10.9.2.2.1;2.2.1. Inscripturation (Schriftwerdung) and Canonization;670
10.9.2.2.2;2.2.2. Transition from Canonization to the Closure of the Canon;671
10.9.2.2.2.1;2.2.1.1. Canon and Theology ;672
10.9.3;3. Concluding Thoughts;673
10.10;48. Modern Theories of Translation with Special Regard to Recent Bible Translations. By Jan de Waard, Amsterdam;675
10.10.1;1. Presuppositions;677
10.10.2;2. Translation Equivalence;678
10.10.2.1;2.1. Source Languages and Source Texts;679
10.10.2.2;2.2. Source Culture and Problems of Translation;683
10.10.3;3. Receptor Languages and Receptor Texts;686
10.10.3.1;3.1. Typology of Translation;686
10.10.3.1.1;3.1.1. The Interlinear Translation;686
10.10.3.1.2;3.1.2. The Literal Translation;688
10.10.3.1.3;3.1.3. Philological Translation;691
10.10.3.1.3.1;3.1.4.0. Introductory Remarks;693
10.10.3.1.3.2;3.1.4.1. The Communicative Type of Translation;695
10.10.3.1.3.3;3.1.4.2. The Ways of Communicative Translation;697
10.10.3.1.3.4;3.1.4.3. The Receptors;702
10.11;49. A Brief Epilegomenon to the History of Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament. By Magne Sæbø, Oslo;705
11;Contributors;710
12;Abbreviations;718
13;Indexes (Names / Topics / References) ;727
