Part 1: Antiquity. Beginnings to the MA, Antiquity
E-Book, Englisch, 847 Seiten
Reihe: Hebrew Bible / Old Testament
ISBN: 978-3-647-53636-1
Verlag: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 0 - No protection
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Weitere Infos & Material
1;Cover;1
2;Tilte Page;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Body;18
6;Preface;18
7;Historiographical Problems and Challenges: A Prolegomenon By Magne Sæb0, Oslo;20
8;A. Beginnings of Scriptural Interpretation ;32
8.1;1. Inner-Biblical Exegesis By Michael Fishbane, Chicago;34
8.1.1;1. Introduction;35
8.1.2;2. Scribal Interpretation;36
8.1.3;3. Legal Exegesis;39
8.1.4;4. Aggadic Exegesis;44
8.1.5;5. Mantological Exegesis;47
8.2;2. The Interpretative Significance of a Fixed Text and Canon of the Hebrew and the Greek Bible;50
8.2.1;2.1. The History and Significance of a Standard Text of the Hebrew Bible By Emanuel Tov, Jerusalem;50
8.2.1.1;1. The Prehistory and History of a Standard Text;51
8.2.1.1.1;1.1. The History of Research;51
8.2.1.1.2;1.2. A New Description;56
8.2.1.2;2. The Nature and Significance of a Standard Text;63
8.2.2;2.2. The Significance of a Fixed Canon of the Hebrew Bible By John Barton, Oxford;68
8.2.2.1;1. The Concept of Canon and the Question of Date;69
8.2.2.2;2. Implications of the Growth of ‘Scripture’;73
8.2.2.3;3. Implications of the Closing of the Canon;79
8.2.3;2.3. The Interpretative Character and Significance of the Septuagint Version By John W.Wevers, Toronto;85
8.2.3.1;0. Terminology;87
8.2.3.2;1. The Question of‘Interpretative Character;87
8.2.3.3;2. Differences in Length of Some Hebrew and Greek Texts;88
8.2.3.4;3. Different Translators and Recensions ;90
8.2.3.5;4. Different Groups of Renderings;92
8.2.3.6;5. The General Interpretative Character of Greek Pentateuch;96
8.2.3.7;6. The Specific Character of Genesis in the Septuagint;96
8.3;3. Early Jewish Biblical Interpretation in the Qumran Literature By Johann Maier, Cologne;109
8.3.1;1. Introduction;109
8.3.1.1;1.1. ‘The Bible and Qumran’;109
8.3.1.2;1.2. Research on the Subject;111
8.3.2;2. Torah;112
8.3.2.1;2.1. Torah and Pentateuch;112
8.3.2.2;2.2. The Verb drs and the Midrash;114
8.3.2.3;2.3. Priestly Authority;121
8.3.3;3. The Teacher of Righteousness and the Qumranic Claims to Authority;122
8.3.3.1;3.1. “Enactor of Justice” and “Prophet like Moses”;122
8.3.3.2;3.2. Torah and Prophets;123
8.3.4;4. Questions Regarding the Chronological Relationship of Torah Traditions;124
8.3.5;5. Interpretation of Non Legal Texts;126
8.3.6;6. Pesher;127
8.4;4. Early Jewish Interpretation in a Hellenistic Style By Folker Siegert, Münster;131
8.4.1;1. Homer and Moses. Hellenistic Art of Interpretation and the Jewish Bible;131
8.4.1.1;1.1. Classical Texts Outdated;131
8.4.1.2;1.2. Plato’s Ban of Homer and the Uses of Allegorical Interpretation;132
8.4.1.3;1.3. The Theological Basis of the Stoic Interpretation of Homer;134
8.4.1.4;1.4. A Note on Alexandrian Homeric Philology;136
8.4.1.5;1.5. Homer at School. Greek Handbooks of Interpretation and Their Terminology;138
8.4.1.6;1.6. Alternatives to Allegorism: A Note on Platonic Symbolism and on Vergilian Typology;141
8.4.1.7;1.7. The Jews’ Situation in a Greek World. Their Apologetic Interests;142
8.4.2;2. The Epistle ofAristaeus: A Hermeneutic Programme;145
8.4.2.1;2.1. Author, Place, Date, and Nature of the Epistle;146
8.4.2.2;2.2. The Contents. Hellenistic and Jewish Components;146
8.4.2.3;2.3. The Epistle’s Theological Basis for the Interpretation of Scripture;149
8.4.2.4;2.4. The Author’s Bible and the Texts Referred to;150
8.4.2.5;2.5. The High Priest Eleazar’s Hermeneutical Rules;151
8.4.2.6;2.6. The Reception of the Epistle of Aristaeus;154
8.4.2.7;2.7. Results and Questions;154
8.4.3;3. Aristobulus;155
8.4.3.1;3.1. Place, Date, and Character of Aristobulus’Work;156
8.4.3.2;3.2. The Contents of Aristobulus’Fragments;157
8.4.3.3;3.3. Aristobulus’ Theological Basis for the Interpretation of Scripture ;159
8.4.3.4;3.4. Aristobulus’ Bible and the Texts Referred to;160
8.4.3.5;3.5. Aristobulus’ Hermeneutical Rules;161
8.4.3.6;3.6. The Reception of the Fragments;162
8.4.3.7;3.7. Results;163
8.4.4;4. Philo of Alexandria;163
8.4.4.1;4.0. Introductory;164
8.4.4.2;4.1. Place, Date, and Classification of Philo’s Writings;167
8.4.4.3;4.2. Philo’s Theological Basis for the Interpretation of Scripture;169
8.4.4.4;4.3. Philo’s Bible and the Texts Referred to;173
8.4.4.5;4.4. The Questions on Genesis and Questions on Exodus (QG, QE) ;178
8.4.4.6;4.5. The ‘Allegorical Commentary’ on Genesis (G);179
8.4.4.7;4.6. The ‘Exposition of the Law’ (L);180
8.4.4.8;4.7. Other Treatises;182
8.4.4.9;4.8. Philo’s Rules of Literal and Allegorical Interpretation;183
8.4.4.10;4.9. The Reception of Philo’s Works;188
8.4.4.11;4.10. Results;189
8.4.5;5. Alexandrian Jewish Non-Allegorists;190
8.4.5.1;5.1. The Fragments of Demetrius, Aristeas, Artapanus, and Others;191
8.4.5.2;5.2. The Sermons On Jonah and On Samson;192
8.4.5.3;5.3. The Theological Basis for the Interpretation of Scripture in the Sermons;193
8.4.5.4;5.4. The Preacher’s Bible and the Texts Referred to;194
8.4.5.5;5.5. Literal Methods;195
8.4.5.6;5.6. Hellenistic Jewish midrash;196
8.4.5.7;5.7. Typology;197
8.4.5.8;5.8. Epilogue: Hellenistic Jewish Hermeneutic and the Church. An Art Exchanges Its Masters;198
8.5;5. Scripture and Canon in the Commonly Called Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha and in the Writings of Josephus;200
8.5.1;5.1. Scripture and Canon in Jewish Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha By Robert A. Kraft, Philadelphia;200
8.5.1.1;1. Introduction;201
8.5.1.2;2. Categorizing the Evidence;205
8.5.1.3;3. A Starting Point: Scripture before Moses’ Scriptures (Or, In the Beginning God Inscribed the Heavenly Tablets);206
8.5.1.3.1;3.1. The Situation in Jubilees;206
8.5.1.3.2;3.2. Production and/or Transmission of Earthbound Books: Other Scriptures before ‘the Scriptures’;208
8.5.1.3.3;3.3. Conclusions Regarding Pre-Scriptural ‘Scriptures’;209
8.5.1.4;4. Works Showing Explicit Knowledge of what Comes to Be Canonical Scriptural Literature;210
8.5.1.5;5. Other Materials Reflecting Traditions that Come to Be Scriptural, without Focusing Explicitly on ‘Scripture’;214
8.5.1.6;6. Writings in which the Scriptural Traditions Play no Obvious Role;216
8.5.1.7;7. Conclusions and Prospects ;216
8.5.2;5.2. Josephus on Canon and Scriptures By Steve Mason, Toronto with Robert A. Kraft, Philadelphia;218
8.5.2.1;1. Introduction;219
8.5.2.2;2. Context and Purpose of Against Apion 1.37-43;220
8.5.2.3;3. Key Terms;223
8.5.2.4;4. The Integrity of Josephus’ Biblical ‘Record’;227
8.5.2.5;5. Scope and Arrangement of Josephus’ Scripture;229
8.5.2.6;6. The Bible in the Judean War;232
8.5.2.7;7. Conclusions and Implications;233
9;B. Parting of the Ways: Jewish and Christian Scriptural Interpretation in Antiquity;238
9.1;6. Social and Institutional Conditions for Early Jewish and Christian Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible, with Special Regard to Religious Groups and Sects. By Jarl Fossum, Ann Arbor;240
9.1.1;1. The Origination of Sects;240
9.1.2;2. The Proliferation of Jewish and Christian Sects;241
9.1.3;3. The Samaritan Connection;243
9.1.4;4. The Samaritans and Their Interpretation of Scripture;244
9.1.5;5. Samaritan Sects;246
9.1.6;6. Jewish and Jewish Christian Baptismal Sects;249
9.1.7;7. Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Christians, and Gnostics;252
9.2;7. From Inner-Biblical Interpretation to Early Rabbinic Exegesis. By Jay M. Harris, Cambridge, MA;257
9.2.1;1. Introductory;257
9.2.2;2. The Legal Mandates of the Torah;259
9.2.3;3. Aggadic Exegesis;265
9.2.4;4. How the Rabbis Saw All This;267
9.3;8. Formative Growth of the Tradition of Rabbinic Interpretation;271
9.3.1;8.1. Local Conditions for a Developing Rabbinic Tradition By David Kraemer, New York;271
9.3.2;8.2. Scriptural Interpretation in the Mishnah By David Kraemer, New York;279
9.3.3;8.3. Patterns and Developments in Rabbinic Midrash of Late Antiquity By Richard Kalmin, New York;286
9.3.4;8.4. The Hermeneutics of the Law in Rabbinic Judaism: Mishnah, Midrash, Talmuds By Jacob Neusner, Tampa, FL;304
9.3.4.1;1. What Do We Mean by Hermeneutics?;305
9.3.4.2;2. The Hermeneutics of the Mishnah;306
9.3.4.3;3. Sifra’s Hermeneutics of the Mishnah;310
9.3.4.4;4. The First Talmud’s Hermeneutics of the Mishnah;313
9.3.4.5;5. The Second Talmud’s Hermeneutics of the Mishnah;318
9.3.5;8.5. The Targums: Their Interpretative Character and Their Place in Jewish Text Tradition By Etan Levine, Haifa;324
9.3.5.1;1. The Background of Targum;324
9.3.5.2;2. Public Declamation of Targum;325
9.3.5.3;3. Exegesis in the Targum;327
9.3.5.4;4. The Dating of Texts;328
9.3.5.5;5. The Official’ Targum;329
9.3.5.6;6. The ‘Palestinian’ Targum Texts;329
9.3.5.7;7. The Afterlife of the Targum;331
9.4;9. New Testament Interpretation of the Old Testament. By Hans Hübner, Göttingen;333
9.4.1;0. Introduction;335
9.4.2;1. Quotations — Allusions — the Language of the Septuagint;335
9.4.3;2. Jewish and Christian Hermeneutics of the Old Testament;337
9.4.4;3. The Septuagint as (the) Holy Scripture of the New Testament Authors;339
9.4.5;4. Theological Treatment of the Old Testament by Individual New Testament Authors;340
9.4.5.1;4.1. Paul;341
9.4.5.2;4.2. The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles;348
9.4.5.3;4.3. The Gospel of John;359
9.4.5.4;4.4. The Epistle to the Hebrews;363
9.4.5.5;4.5. The Remaining Epistles of the New Testament;368
9.4.5.6;4.6. The Revelation of John;368
9.4.6;5. Final Remarks;372
9.5;10. The Development of Scriptural Interpretation in the Second and Third Centuries — except Clement and Origen. By Oskar Skarsaune, Oslo;374
9.5.1;1. The Apostolic Fathers and Their Time;378
9.5.1.1;1.1. First Clement;382
9.5.1.2;1.2. Barnabas;385
9.5.2;2. The Apologists;388
9.5.2.1;2.1. Justin Martyr;390
9.5.2.2;2.2. Melito of Sardis;411
9.5.2.3;2.3. Theophilus of Antioch;415
9.5.3;3. The testimonia Tradition;419
9.5.4;4. Irenaeus, Tertullian, Hippolytus, Novatian, Cyprian: A Tradition Corne of Age;422
9.5.4.1;4.1. Irenaeus;423
9.5.4.2;4.2. Tertullian;430
9.5.4.3;4.3. Hippolytus;435
9.5.4.4;4.4. Novatian;438
9.5.4.5;4.5. Cyprian;441
9.6;11. The Question of Old Testament Canon and Text in the Early Greek Church. By Oskar Skarsaune, Oslo;444
9.7;12. Greek Philosophy, Hermeneutics and Alexandrian Understanding of the Old Testament. By J. F. Procopé†;452
9.7.1;1. Introduction;453
9.7.2;2. Middle Platonism;454
9.7.2.1;2.1. Eclecticism;454
9.7.2.2;2.2. Origins and Development;454
9.7.2.3;2.3. The Parts of Philosophy;456
9.7.2.4;2.4. Theology;457
9.7.2.5;2.5. Ethics;459
9.7.2.6;2.6. Philosophy and Exegesis;460
9.7.2.7;2.7. Primal Wisdom;461
9.7.3;3. Hermeneutics;463
9.7.3.1;3.1. Homer and Homeric Problems;463
9.7.3.2;3.2. Lines of Interpretation;465
9.7.3.3;3.3. Allegory;466
9.7.3.3.1;3.3.1. General Principles;466
9.7.3.3.2;3.3.2. Early Allegorical Interpretation;468
9.7.3.3.3;3.3.3. Plato;469
9.7.3.3.4;3.3.4. Hellenistic and Stoic Approaches;470
9.7.3.3.5;3.3.5. Later Antiquity;473
9.7.3.4;3.4. ‘Impersonation";474
9.7.3.5;3.5. "Elucidating Homer from Homer";475
9.7.4;4. Epilogue: Pagan and Biblical Exegesis;477
9.8;13. The Christian Exegesis of the Old Testament in the Alexandrian Tradition. By J. N. B. Carleton Paget, Cambridge;479
9.8.1;1. The Context of Alexandrian Exegesis of the Old Testament;479
9.8.1.1;1.1. The Jewish Context;480
9.8.1.2;1.2. Some Assumptions of Jewish-Hellenistic Exegesis of Scripture;481
9.8.1.3;1.3. The Christian Community;483
9.8.2;2. Clement and the Old Testament;485
9.8.2.1;2.1. Introductory Observations;486
9.8.2.2;2.2. The Authority and Inspiration of the Old Testament;489
9.8.2.3;2.3. Interpretative Assumptions;492
9.8.2.4;2.4. Method;494
9.8.2.5;2.5. Senses and Use of the Old Testament;494
9.8.2.6;2.6. Conclusion;499
9.8.3;3. Origen as Exegete of the Old Testament;500
9.8.3.1;3.1. Introduction;501
9.8.3.2;3.2. Canon and Text;503
9.8.3.3;3.3. Hermeneutical Presuppositions and the Place of the Old Testament;509
9.8.3.4;3.4. Origen’s Exegetical Approach to the Old Testament;520
9.8.3.4.1;3.4.1. Introduction: Types of Evidence;520
9.8.3.4.2;3.4.2. Origen and the Sensus Literalis of the OT;522
9.8.3.4.3;3.4.3. Beyond the Literal;527
9.8.3.4.4;3.4.4. Characteristics of Origen’s Exegesis of the OT;530
9.8.3.5;3.5. Concluding Remarks;533
9.8.4;4. Origenism in Some Later Writers;535
9.8.4.1;4.1. Introductory Remarks: What Do We mean by Origenism?;535
9.8.4.2;4.2. Eusebius of Caesarea;535
9.8.4.3;4.3. Athanasius;537
9.8.4.4;4.4. The Cappadocian Fathers;539
9.8.4.4.1;4.4.1. The Philocalia;539
9.8.4.4.2;4.4.2. Basil of Caesarea;540
9.8.4.4.3;4.4.3. Gregory of Nyssa;541
9.9;14. Exegesis of the Old Testament in the Antiochene School with its Prevalent Literal and Historical Method. By Sten Hidal, Lund;544
9.9.1;1. The Elder Antiochene School;545
9.9.2;2. Diodore of Tarsus;546
9.9.3;3. Theodore of Mopsuestia;551
9.9.4;4. John Chrysostom;558
9.9.5;5. Theodoret of Cyrrhus;564
9.9.6;6. The Development and Influence of the Antiochene School;567
9.10;15. Exegetical Contacts between Christians and Jews in the Roman Empire. By Günter Stemberger, Vienna;570
9.10.1;1. Delimitation of the Topic;570
9.10.2;2. History and Problems of Earlier Research;571
9.10.3;3. The Disproportion of Jewish and Christian Exegesis;572
9.10.4;4. A Different Biblical Text;573
9.10.5;5. Jews Influenced by Christian Exegesis?;574
9.10.6;6. Christian-Jewish Contacts in Alexandria?;577
9.10.7;7. Palestine;578
9.10.8;8. Syria;584
9.10.9;9. The Latin West;586
9.11;16. The Interpretative Character of the Syriac Old Testament. By Michael Weitzman, London;588
9.11.1;1. Introduction;588
9.11.2;2. Construal and Interpretation;589
9.11.3;3. Text Believed to have been Understood;591
9.11.4;4. Text not Believed to have been Understood;594
9.11.5;5. Theological Attitudes of the Translators;598
9.11.6;6. Elements Inherited from a Jewish Background;602
9.11.7;7. Factors Anterior to Interpretation;604
9.11.8;8. Factors Subsequent to Interpretation;606
9.11.9;9. Names;608
9.11.10;10. Conclusion;610
9.12;17. The Christian Syriac Tradition of Interpretation. By Lucas Van Rompay, Leiden;613
9.12.1;1. Introduction;613
9.12.1.1;1.1. The Place of Syriac Christianity;613
9.12.1.2;1.2. The Sources of Syriac Biblical Interpretation;615
9.12.1.2.1;1.2.1. The Biblical Text;615
9.12.1.2.2;1.2.2. Jewish Sources;617
9.12.1.2.3;1.2.3. Greek Literature;618
9.12.1.3;1.3. The Earliest Period of Syriac Literature;619
9.12.2;2. Aphrahat;620
9.12.2.1;2.1. General Remarks;621
9.12.2.2;2.2. Historical and Typological Interpretation;621
9.12.2.3;2.3. Aphrahat’s Place in Tradition;622
9.12.3;3. Ephrem;623
9.12.3.1;3.1. General Remarks;623
9.12.3.2;3.2. The Various Levels of Exegesis;624
9.12.3.2.1;3.2.1. Historical Exegesis and Christian Message;624
9.12.3.2.2;3.2.2. Limited Use of New Testament Typology;625
9.12.3.2.3;3.2.3. A Different Approach: A Wealth of Symbols;627
9.12.3.3;3.3. The Sources and Historical Context of Ephrem’s Exegesis;628
9.12.4;4. Other Writings Prior to the Dogmatic Split;630
9.12.4.1;4.1. The Book of Steps;630
9.12.4.2;4.2. The Cave of Treasures;630
9.12.4.3;4.3. John the Solitary’s Commentary on Qohelet;632
9.12.5;5. The School of Edessa and the Creation of the East-Syrian Exegetical Tradition;633
9.12.5.1;5.1. Exegesis in the School of Edessa;633
9.12.5.2;5.2. The Syriac Translation of the Works of Theodore of Mopsuestia;634
9.12.5.3;5.3. Narsai and East-Syrian Exegesis of the Sixth Century;636
9.12.5.4;5.4. Further Developments of East-Syrian Exegesis;637
9.12.6;6. The Creation of the West-Syrian Exegetical Tradition;638
9.12.6.1;6.1. Jacob of Serug;638
9.12.6.2;6.2. Daniel of Salah’s Commentary on the Psalms;640
9.12.7;7. Epilogue;641
9.13;18. The Latin Old Testament Tradition. By Eva Schulz-Flügel, Beuron;643
9.13.1;0. A Survey;644
9.13.2;1. Old Latin Translations;646
9.13.2.1;1. 1. Old Latin Translations;646
9.13.2.2;1.2. Jerome’s Hexaplaric Recension;651
9.13.3;2. The Vulgate, Its Translational and Interpretative Character;653
9.13.4;3. The Problem of Hebraica veritas in Jerome and Augustine;658
9.14;19. Jerome: His Exegesis and Hermeneutics. By Rene Kieffer, Uppsala;664
9.14.1;1. Biographical Elements;665
9.14.2;2. Jerome’s Exegesis and Hermeneutics;668
9.14.2.1;2.1. The Translations of the Old Testament;669
9.14.2.2;2.2. The Commentaries and Other Works on the Old Testament;670
9.14.2.3;2.3. Jerome’s Principles of Interpretation and Translation;671
9.14.2.4;2.4. Jerome’s Concrete Work as an Interpreter of Holy Scripture;676
9.14.3;3. Conclusion;682
9.15;20. The Reception of the Origenist Tradition in Latin Exegesis. By Christoph Jacob, Münster;683
9.15.1;1. Allegory and the Text of the Bible;683
9.15.2;2. Hilary of Poitiers;686
9.15.2.1;2.1. The Fullness of His Exegetical Work;686
9.15.2.2;2.2. The Bible in the Christological Debates;689
9.15.3;3. Ambrose of Milan;691
9.15.3.1;3.1. Towards the Principles of His Exegesis;691
9.15.3.2;3.2. Allego rica dissimulatio: the Ambrosian Rhetoric;692
9.15.3.3;3.3. The Song of Songs in Ambrosian Allegory;694
9.15.4;4. Allegory and Interpretative Pluralism;698
9.16;21. Augustine: His Exegesis and Hermeneutics. By David F. Wright, Edinburgh;702
9.16.1;0. Introduction;702
9.16.2;1. The Exegetical Work of Augustine;705
9.16.3;2. The De doctrina Christiana of Augustine and His Hermeneutics;717
9.16.4;3. The Influence of Augustine’s Old Testament Exegesis and Hermeneutics;728
9.17;22. Church and Synagogue as the Respective Matrix of the Development of an Authoritative Bible Interpretation: An Epilogue. By Magne Sæbø, Oslo;732
10;Contributors;750
11;Abbreviations;754
12;Indexes (Names / Topics / References) ;766
