Salazar-Carrillo / Prasada Rao Comparisons of Prices and Real Products in Latin America

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9458-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 194, 378 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Contributions to Economic Analysis

Contained in this book are studies related to the computation of purchasing power parities for comparing real income and product among Latin American countries. The principal components of income and product comparisons are discussed: from designing and executing benchmark studies, to extrapolating results for non-benchmark years. Different comparative methods and measurement techniques, including index number formulations, are considered. Comparisons of Latin countries with other countries are also undertaken.This volume aims to illuminate the thorny theoretical and methodological issues involved in regional comparisons, and to facilitate the practical application of the comparative approach to the many sided policy problems generated by a rapidly integrating international economy.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Salazar-Carrillo, J.

Prasada Rao, D. S.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Comparisons of Prices and Real Products in Latin America;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;12
5;INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES;6
6;LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS;8
7;EDITORS' INTRODUCTION;10
8;OVERVIEW;16
9;Part I: Latin American Comparisons;24
9.1;Chapter 1. COMPARISONS OF PURCHASING POWER AND REAL INCOME IN LATIN AMERICA: A REVIEW OF METHODS;26
9.1.1;1. Introduction;26
9.1.2;2. General Methodological Aspects;29
9.1.3;3. Specific Methodological Aspects;31
9.1.4;4. Study procedures;35
9.1.5;ANNEX 1: Price Collection and Verification Schedule;53
9.1.6;ANNEX 2: Tentative List of Institutions Participating in the Parities and Products Project;54
9.1.7;References;56
9.1.8;APPENDIX I;60
9.1.9;APPENDIX II;63
9.1.10;APPENDIX III: Volume I ECIEL PROGRAM PARITIES AND REAL PRODUCTS STUDY THIRD PRICE SURVEY, JULY 1979. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS;66
9.1.11;Appendix III: Volume II ECIEL Program: Parities and Real Products Study Third Price Survey: July 1979 General Instruction: Capital Formation and Private Consumption;73
9.1.12;Appendix III: Volume III ECIEL Program: Parities and Real Products Stydy July 1979 General Instructions: Public Consumption;77
9.2;Chapter 2. COMPARISONS OF PURCHASING POWER AND REAL INCOME IN LATIN AMERICA: EMPIRICAL RESULTS;80
9.2.1;1. Introduction;80
9.2.2;2. Results for 1973;80
9.2.3;3. The Comparisons of Real Products and the Estimation of the Purchasing Power Parities, 1973;81
9.2.4;4. Price Levels in Latin America;85
9.2.5;5. Latin American Comparisons , 1979;93
9.3;Chapter 3. REAL PRODUCT AND PRICE COMPARISONS IN CENTRAL AMERICAN COUNTRIES: 1987;102
9.3.1;1. Introduction;102
9.3.2;2. Methods of Aggregation;103
9.3.3;3. The Main Results;105
9.4;Chapter 4. INDIRECT TAXATION, TARIFF PROTECTION AND PRICE RELATIVES IN THE CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON MARKET;114
9.4.1;1. Introduction;114
9.4.2;2. Indirect taxes and tariffs in Central America;115
9.4.3;3. Price levels in Central America;117
9.4.4;4. Regression analysis;119
9.4.5;5. Conclusions;121
9.4.6;References;122
10;Part II: Theory;124
10.1;Chapter 5. A GENERALIZED KONUS SYSTEM OF INDEX NUMBERS FOR MULTILATERAL COMPARISONS;126
10.1.1;1. Introduction;126
10.1.2;2. Notation, Definitions and Concepts;127
10.1.3;3. The Konus Index for Binary Comparisons;129
10.1.4;4. A Generalized Konus Index System for Multilateral Comparisons;130
10.1.5;5. Generalized Konus System based on Geary Reference Price Vector;131
10.1.6;6. Some special cases of the Generalized Konus System;136
10.1.7;7. Conclusions;137
10.1.8;References;139
10.2;Chapter 6. A SYSTEM OF LOG-CHANGE INDEX NUMBERS FOR MULTILATERAL COMPARISONS;142
10.2.1;1. Introduction;142
10.2.2;2. Definitions and Notations;143
10.2.3;3. Viability of the new system;145
10.2.4;4. Properties of the System;148
10.2.5;5. A Numerical Illustration;151
10.2.6;References;153
10.3;Chapter 7. A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF INDEX NUMBER FORMULAE FOR MULTINATIONAL PURCHASING POWER AND PRODUCT COMPARISONS;156
10.3.1;1. Introduction;156
10.3.2;2. Desirable Characteristics of Index Number Formulae;157
10.3.3;3. FORMULAE FOR INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS;158
10.3.4;4. Analysis of Index Formulae;162
10.3.5;5. Sensitivity of indices to errors in data;167
10.3.6;References;169
10.3.7;STATISTICAL APPENDIX;170
11;Part III: Methodological Issues;180
11.1;Chapter 8. EXTRAPOLATIONS OF PURCHASING POWER PARITIES;182
11.1.1;1. Introduction;182
11.1.2;2. Background;184
11.1.3;3. Procedures;186
11.1.4;4. Results;196
11.1.5;5. Conclusions;214
11.1.6;APPENDIX: IMPORTANCE OF CERTAIN LIMITATIONS;218
11.1.7;ANNEX 1: UNITARY DEVIATION INDICES OF THE OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE WITH RESPECT TO THE PURCHASING POWER PARITIES FOR 1960,1962, 1968 and 1973;223
11.1.8;ANNEX 2: UNITARY DEVIATION INDICES OF THE OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE WITH RESPECT TO THE PURCHASING POWER PARITIES, 1968;224
11.1.9;ANNEX 3: UNITARY DEVIATION INDICES OF THE OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE WITH RESPECT TO THE PURCHASING POWER PARITIES, 1973;225
11.1.10;ANNEX 4: UNITARY DEVIATION INDICES OF THE OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE WITH RESPECT TO THE PURCHASING POWER PARITIES, 1973;226
11.1.11;ANNEX 5: PROCEDURE AND INDICATORS USED FOR CALCULATING THE FINAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES OF HOUSEHOLDS, AT CONSTANT PRICES;227
11.1.12;ANNEX 6: PROCEDURES AND INDICATORS USED FOR CALCULATING THE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT, AT CONSTANT PRICES;228
11.1.13;ANNEX 7: PROCEDURES AND INDICATORS USED FOR CALCULATING THE GROSS DOMESTIC FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION, AT CONSTANT PRICES;229
11.1.14;ANNEX 8: PRICE INDICES FOR THE PERIOD 1968-1973;231
11.1.15;ANNEX 9: ARGENTINA: PRICE VARIATIONS OF COMPARABLE GOODS;232
11.1.16;ANNEX 10: ECUADOR: PRICE VARIATIONS OF COMPARABLE GOODS;235
11.1.17;ANNEX 11: HOMOGENEOUS GOODS: EXTRAPOLATIONS OF THE PURCHASING POWER PARITIES OF THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT;238
11.1.18;ANNEX 12: HOMOGENEOUS GOODS: EXTRAPOLATIONS OF THE PURCHASING POWER PARITIES OF PRIVATE CONSUMPTION;239
11.1.19;ANNEX 13: EXTRAPOLATIONS OF PARITIES WITH A BASKET OF COMPARABLE GOODS;240
11.1.20;ANNEX 14: MEANS AND COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATION OF EIGHT INDICES OF PRIVATE CONSUMPTION CONSTRUCTED WITH ECIEL DATA FOR THE PERIOD 1968-1973;241
11.1.21;References;242
11.2;Chapter 9. THE USE OF REGRESSION METHODS IN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS;244
11.2.1;1. Introduction;244
11.2.2;2. The selection of durable goods;246
11.2.3;3. The regression method;247
11.2.4;4. The Hedonic technique in a nutshell;248
11.2.5;5. Regressions, "pooled regressions" and the "flexible pooling" approach;249
11.2.6;6. Results of the price comparisons using Regression methods;254
11.2.7;7. Comparisons of regression results with direct price observations;256
11.2.8;References;260
11.3;Chapter 10. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS ON THE BASIS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PRICES;262
11.3.1;1. Introduction;262
11.3.2;2. Annual Prices Versus Prices For A Given Month;264
11.3.3;3. National Prices Versus In Capital Cites;267
11.3.4;4. Annual-National Prices Versus Capital City Prices for A Given Month;272
11.3.5;ANNEX;273
12;Part IV: Sectoral Comparisons;276
12.1;Chapter 11. The International Comparisons of Output and Productivity (ICOP) Project: A Progress Report;278
12.1.1;ICOP and ICOP-related Publications;285
12.2;Chapter 12. COMPARING REAL OUTPUT, PURCHASING POWER AND LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY: A CASE STUDY FOR ARGENTINA AND THE UNITED STATES, 1973-1985;290
12.2.1;1. Introduction;290
12.2.2;2. Reconciliation of census data and the national accounts;292
12.2.3;3. Binary Comparisons of Output, Purchasing Power and Labour Productivity in Argentina and the USA, 1973, 1975 and 1985;296
12.2.4;4. Productivity and Competitiveness of the Manufacturing Sector in Argentina;316
12.2.5;5. Summary and Conclusions;319
12.2.6;References;322
12.3;Chapter 13. Agricultural Output and Productivity of Labour and Land in Latin America;326
12.3.1;1. Introduction;326
12.3.2;2. The Data and Concepts Employed;327
12.3.3;3. Analysis of results;330
12.3.4;4. Conclusions and policy implications;344
12.3.5;References;347
12.4;Chapter 14. A METHODOLOGY FOR COLLECTING CONSTRUCTION PRICES;350
12.4.1;1. Introduction;350
12.4.2;2. Engineering Projects: Specification and Cost Estimates;351
12.4.3;3. Materials and basic items of the building;357
12.4.4;4. Specification models;358
12.4.5;References;362
12.5;Chapter 15. METHODOLOGY FOR COMPARING RENTS;364
12.5.1;1. Introduction;364
12.5.2;2. Method of Hedonic Prices and Comparison of rents;366
12.5.3;3. Results of Applications in Latin America;370
12.5.4;4. Bases for the Weights;377
12.5.5;References;379
13;INDEX;380