Runcorn Continental Drift

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8209-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 3, 350 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: International Geophysics

Continental Drift brings together within one volume a discussion of the geophysical evidence relating to horizontal movements in the earth's crust in its widest sense. This is not the time for a reappraisal of the work of German meteorologist Alfred Wegener, but it is hoped that this volume will stimulate a serious interest in a subject formerly considered by many earth scientists as already closed. The book contains 12 chapters and begins with a discussion of paleomagnetic evidence for continental drift and its geophysical cause. This is followed by separate chapters on of paleoclimatic evidence on the paleomagnetic latitudes given by paleomagnetism; studies of earthquake mechanism; movements on major transcurrent faults; and magnetic evidence for horizontal displacements in the floor of the Pacific Ocean. Subsequent chapters deal with thermal convection in the earth's mantle; the theory of convection in spherical shells and its application to the problem of thermal convection in the earth's mantle; mountain-building hypotheses; and investigations of the deep-sea floor.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Runcorn, S. K.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Continental Drift;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;List of Contributors ;6
6;Preface;8
7;Chapter 1. Palaeomagnetic Evidence for Continental Drift and its Geophysical Cause;14
7.1;References;53
8;Chapter 2. Palaeoclimatology and Continental Drift;55
8.1;I. Introduction;55
8.2;II. Sedimentary Climatic Indicators;57
8.3;III. Uniformitarianism and the Study of Palaeoclimates;58
8.4;IV. Distribution of Cainozoic Climatic Indicators;59
8.5;V. Discussion of Cainozoic Climate;62
8.6;VI. Distribution of Climatic Indicators during the Mesozoic;66
8.7;VII. Distribution of Palaeozoic Climatic Indicators;67
8.8;VIII. Palaeomagnetism and Palaeoclimatology;74
8.9;IX. Conclusions;77
8.10;References;78
9;Chapter 3. Movements in the Earth's Crust as indicated by Earthquakes;81
9.1;I. Introduction;81
9.2;II. Studies of Earthquake Mechanism;82
9.3;III. Interpretation on the Collapse Model;92
9.4;IV. Interpretation on the Fault Model;95
9.5;V. Summary and Conclusions;113
9.6;References;116
10;Chapter 4. Movements on Major Transcurrent Faults;117
10.1;I. General Considerations;117
10.2;II. Circum-Pacific Shallow Faults;120
10.3;III. Other Large Transcurrent Faults;145
10.4;IV. Deep Faults of the Circum-Pacific Margins;146
10.5;References;147
11;Chapter 5. Magnetic Evidence for Horizontal Displacements in the Floor of the Pacific Ocean;149
11.1;References;160
12;Chapter 6. Thermal Convection in the Earth's Mantle;161
12.1;I. Introductory and Summary;161
12.2;II. The Constitution of the Mantle;162
12.3;III. Arguments in Favour of Convection Currents in the Mantle;169
12.4;IV. Convection Currents in a Plane Crystalline Layer;172
12.5;V. Spherical Harmonics;175
12.6;VI. Convection Currents in the Crystalline Mantle;178
12.7;VII. Spherical Harmonic Development up to the 31st Order of the Earth's Topography;180
12.8;VIII. Interpretation of the Spherical Harmonic Development of the Topography; Convection Systems in the Mantle; Origin of Continents; Relative Displacements of Continents;185
12.9;References;192
13;Chapter 7. The Theory of Convection in Spherical Shells and its Application to the Problem of Thermal Convection in the Earth's Mantle;193
13.1;I. The Geophysical Problem;193
13.2;II. The Mathematical Stability Problem;197
13.3;III. Solution of the Stability Problem;201
13.4;References;209
14;Chapter 8. Mountain-Building Hypotheses;211
14.1;I. Introduction;211
14.2;II. Facts to be Accounted for by Theories of Crustal Evolution;214
14.3;III. Diastrophic Forces;228
14.4;IV. Mountain-Building Hypotheses;240
14.5;References;248
15;Chapter 9. The Deep–Sea Floor;251
15.1;I. Introduction;251
15.2;II. The Ocean Floor;252
15.3;III. Seismological Evidence for a Difference between the Continental and Oceanic Mantle;279
15.4;IV. Petrography of the Oceans;284
15.5;V. Age of Ocean Basins;285
15.6;VI. Discussion of the Hypotheses of Continental Drift;292
15.7;References;302
16;Chapter 10. Ocean-Basin Evolution by Sea-Floor Spreading;305
16.1;I. Introduction;305
16.2;II. Spreading Sea-Floor Concept;308
16.3;III. Implications of the Concept;310
16.4;References;313
17;Chapter 11. Comparisons of Pacific and Atlantic Ocean Floors in Relation to Ideas of Continental Displacement;315
17.1;References;323
18;Chapter 12. Memories of Alfred Wegener;325
18.1;References;339
19;Author Index;341
20;Subject Index;347