Buch, Englisch, 336 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 234 mm, Gewicht: 649 g
Reihe: ISTE Invoiced
Durability of Industrial Polymers
Buch, Englisch, 336 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 234 mm, Gewicht: 649 g
Reihe: ISTE Invoiced
ISBN: 978-1-78945-190-0
Verlag: ISTE Ltd
Polymers and composites are ubiquitous in our daily lives, enabling, for example, lighter structural materials and food packaging. Their performance depends not only on their chemical structure, synthesis, architecture and shaping process, but also evolves over time under the effect of processes that modify the structure of the material – sometimes slowly but irreversibly.
Users must therefore consider the maximum period of use during which these materials retain acceptable levels of properties. This question is even more crucial as it responds to societal demands related to limiting end-of-life waste flows and preserving the resources needed to produce them.
To address these challenges, Aging of Industrial Polymers 2 provides designers with tools to analyze the mechanisms of material degradation under given conditions of use, develop models to predict the rate of degradation, and understand the effect of phenomena occurring at the molecular level on the macroscopic properties of the material.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
Foreword xiii
Samuel FOREST
Introduction xvii
Emmanuel RICHAUD
Chapter 1. Mechanistic Investigations of the Photo- and Thermo-oxidation of Polyethylene 1
Sandrine THÉRIAS and Jean-Luc GARDETTE
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Oxidative degradation of PE 2
1.3. Effects of light intensity and temperature on the photodegradation 11
1.4. Conclusion 14
1.5. References 15
Chapter 2. Formulation and Aging of Plasticized PVC 21
Sophie CANTIN and Odile FICHET
2.1. Polyvinyl chloride 22
2.2. Aging of PVC 26
2.3. Aging of PVC according to conditions of use: examples from everyday life 34
2.4. Conclusion 39
2.5. References 39
Chapter 3. Aging of Aliphatic Polyamides 43
Frédérique PÉRY and François FERNAGUT
3.1. Thermo-oxidation mechanism of aliphatic polyamides (PAs) 43
3.2. Hydrolysis mechanism of aliphatic PAs 52
3.3. Consequences for the macromolecular characteristics, crystalline morphology and mechanical properties of polyamides 54
3.4. Conclusion 60
3.5. References 61
Chapter 4. Polychloroprene Degradation: From Chemistry to Mechanics 63
Pierre-Yves LE GAC, Maelenn LE GALL, Mael ARHANT and Peter DAVIES
4.1. Introduction 63
4.2. Chemical mechanism of polychloroprene degradation 64
4.3. Consequences of chemical degradation on the macromolecular network 68
4.4. Impact of network modification on mechanical properties 69
4.5. Conclusion 77
4.6. References 78
Chapter 5. Polyurethane: From Synthesis to Degradation 81
Élodie FROMENTIN and Muriel FERRY
5.1. Introduction 81
5.2. Polyurethane production process 82
5.3. Aging mechanisms 85
5.4. Conclusion 95
5.5. Acknowledgments 95
5.6. References 95
Chapter 6. Marine (Bio)degradation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Polylactides 103
Morgan DEROINÉ, Antoine LE DUIGOU and Stéphane BRUZAUD
6.1. Overview 103
6.2. Chemical and physicochemical description of PHAs and PLAs 104
6.3. Hydrolytic degradation of PHAs and PLAs 106
6.4. Aging of PHAs and PLAs in seawater 112
6.5. Biotic degradation of PHAs and PLAs 115
6.6. Conclusion 118
6.7. References 119
Chapter 7. Thermo-Oxidative Aging of Composite Materials for Aerospace Applications 123
Marco GIGLIOTTI, Yannick PANNIER and Jean-Claude GRANDIDIER
7.1. Introduction 123
7.2. Effects of thermo-oxidation on the mechanical behavior of organic resins 125
7.3. Effects of thermo-oxidation on the mechanical behavior of composite materials 131
7.4. Conclusions and outlook 136
7.5. Acknowledgments 137
7.6. References 137
Chapter 8. The Durability of Polysiloxanes 139
Florence DELOR JESTIN
8.1. General information 139
8.2. Physicochemical description of polysiloxanes 141
8.3. Thermal degradation of polysiloxanes 142
8.4. Photochemical degradation 144
8.5. Specific aging in salt spray and under exposure to acid vapors 146
8.6. Radiochemical aging 147
8.7. Biodegradability 147
8.8. Conclusion 148
8.9. References 149
Chapter 9. Water Behavior and Hydrolytic Aging of Thermosetting Resins 151
Stéphane MARAIS and Kateryna FATYEYEVA
9.1. Water absorption by resins 152
9.2. Hydrolytic degradation 173
9.3. Factors influencing resistance to hydrolysis 186
9.4. Conclusion 199
9.5. References 200
Chapter 10. The Durability of Polymer Fibers 207
Peter DAVIES, Pierre-Yves LE GAC, Maelenn LE GALL and Mael ARHANT
10.1. Introduction 207
10.2. Polyamides 209
10.3. Polyesters 212
10.4. Polyolefins 214
10.5. Aramids 215
10.6. High-modulus polyethylenes 217
10.7. Predicting long-term properties 219
10.8. Conclusion 220
10.9. Acknowledgments 220
10.10. References 221
Chapter 11. Degradation of Multilayers: Infrared and Raman Microscopy Studies 225
Émilie PLANES, Florence DUBELLEY, Corine BAS and Lionel FLANDIN
11.1. Introduction 225
11.2. Introduction to analysis tools and techniques 227
11.3. Study of a polymer/metal multilayer envelope used in VIPs 228
11.4. Study of an encapsulation system for flexible PV panels 237
11.5. Conclusion 244
11.6. References 244
Chapter 12. Flame Retardants and Polymers: Functional Properties 247
Serge BOURBIGOT and Gaëlle FONTAINE
12.1. Introduction 247
12.2. Principles: polymer combustion 249
12.3. Flame retardants and their mode of action 251
12.4. Playing with fire: performance evaluation 254
12.5. Flame retardancy of thermoplastics: a case study 256
12.6. After production: aging of flame-retardant PLA 265
12.7. Conclusion 270
12.8. References 271
Chapter 13. Thermo-oxidative Behavior of Cyanate Ester Matrices 275
Laurence BAILLY, Bouchra HASSOUNE-RHABBOUR and Valérie NASSIET
13.1. Introduction 275
13.2. Cyanate ester resins 277
13.3. Thermo-oxidative aging of PT resins 286
13.4. Conclusion 293
13.5. References 294
List of Authors 299
Index 303
