Quinn / Nir The Mystery of the Missing Antimatter

Course Book
ISBN: 978-1-4008-3571-3
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, Band 22, 296 Seiten

Reihe: Science Essentials

No detailed description available for "The Mystery of the Missing Antimatter".

Autoren/Hrsg.

Quinn, Helen R.

Nir, Yossi

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Physik Physik Allgemein
• Naturwissenschaften Astronomie Kosmologie, Urknalltheorie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Acknowledgments xi

Chapter 1: Prelude: The Mystery of the Missing Antimatter 1

Chapter 2: Constant Physics in an Evolving Universe 7

Universal Laws 7

Hubble and the Expanding Universe 8

Red-shifts: Evidence for an Expanding Universe 12

Numbers Large and Small 17

What Do We Mean by "Universe"? 19

Chapter 3: As the Universe Expands 21

Running the Clock Forward: Radiation 21

Running the Clock Forward: Dark Matter 26

Running the Clock Forward: Light Nuclei 29

Running the Clock Forward: Matter and Antimatter 32

Chapter 4: What Is Antimatter? 36

What Is Matter? 36

Dirac Introduces Antimatter 42

Experiments Confirm That Antimatter Exists 45

Radioactive Decays of Nuclei 48

Chapter 5: Enter Neutrinos 51

Pauli: The Beta Decay Puzzle 51

Fermi: The Theory of Neutrinos Develops 53

Cowan and Reines: Neutrinos Detected 55

Chapter 6: Mesons 57

Yukawa and the Pi-Meson 57

Strange Mesons, Strange Quantum Concepts 61

Chapter 7: Through the Looking Glass 63

What Physicists Mean by the Term Symmetry 63

A Gedanken Experiment 64

The Actual Experiment 67

Chapter 8: Through the Looking Antiglass 73

Another Gedanken Experiment 73

Cronin and Fitch: Matter and Antimatter Do Not Follow the Same Laws 75

Chapter 9: The Survival of Matter 80

Pauli's Other Letter: Initial Conditions on the Universe 80

Sakharov: The Conditions Needed to Develop an Imbalance 84

Cosmology with Sakharov's Conditions Met: Baryogenesis 88

Chapter 10: Enter Quarks 91

Quarks 91

Why Don't We See the Quarks? 96

What about Dark Matter? 100

The Missing Charm, the Surprising Tau 101

The Standard Model: Particles and Interactions 107

Chapter 11: Energy Rules 111

Stored Energy, Forces, and Energy Conservation 111

Force Fields Permeating Space 114

Field Theory and the Energy Function 116

Chapter 12: Symmetry Rules 121

Symmetries as Answers to the Question "Why?" 121

Symmetries and Conservation Laws 123

Space-Time Symmetries 124

Gauge Symmetries 126

Discrete Symmetries 128

Baryon and Lepton Number Conservation? 130

Chapter 13: Standard Model Gauge Symmetries 132

The Symmetry behind the Electromagnetic Interaction 132

The Symmetry behind the Strong Interaction 134

The Symmetry behind the Weak Interaction 137

Chapter 14: A Missing Piece 140

The Puzzle of Particle Masses 140

How Do We Describe Nothing? 146

At Last, CP Violated in the Standard Model 153

Chapter 15: It Still Doesn't Work! 159

Running the Clock Forward: The Standard Model 159

Now What? 163

Chapter 16: Tools of the Trade 168

Accelerators 168

Detectors 172

Data Handling and Analysis 177

How Projects Develop 178

Chapter 17: Searching for Clues 180

Where Are We Now? 180

Testing the Standard Model in B-Meson Decays 182

Oddone: How to Build B Factories? 184

Running the B Factories: The First Test 190

Chapter 18: Speculations 194

Why Are We Never Satisfied? 194

Grand Unified Theories 195

Supersymmetry 201

Way beyond the Standard Model 204

Chapter 19: Neutrino Surprises 206

Davis, Bahcall, Koshiba: Solar Neutrinos 206

Quantum Neutrino Properties 214

Chapter 20: Following the New Clues 222

Some Things We Know 222

Some Things We Speculate About 225

Fitting It All Together 227

Chapter 21: Finale 231

Appendix: A Timeline of Particle Physics and Cosmology 233

Perspective 233

Relevant Nineteenth-Century Developments 234

1900-1930: Development of Quantum Ideas, Beginnings of

Scientific Cosmology 238

1930-1950: New Particles, New Ideas 245

1930-1960s: The Advent of Accelerator Experiments--The Particle Explosion; Implications of Expanding Universe Explored 249

1964-1973: Formulation of the Modern View of Particles and the

Universe 256

Two Standard Models Emerge--Particles and Cosmology 263

Index 273

Über Autor(innen)

Helen R. Quinn is professor emerita of particle physics and astrophysics at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center at Stanford University. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, she is the coauthor of The Charm of Strange Quarks: Mysteries and Revolutions of Particle Physics. Yossi Nir is professor of physics at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel.