Prasad Essential and Toxic Element

Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6207-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 534 Seiten, Web PDF

Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease, Volume II: Essential and Toxic Elements is a collection of papers presented at an international symposium on trace elements held in Detroit, Michigan on July 10-12, 1974. The symposium provided a forum for discussing the role of essential and toxic elements such as magnesium and chromium in human health and disease. Comprised of 21 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of magnesium deficiency and magnesium toxicity in humans, followed by an analysis of magnesium deficiency and its relation to calcium, parathyroid hormone, and bone metabolism. The reader is then introduced to the biochemistry and physiology of magnesium, along with chromium metabolism and its biochemical effects on humans. Subsequent chapters deal with the metabolism and biochemistry of selenium and sulfur; the health and disease implications of selenium and glutathione peroxidase; effect of pre-eruptive or post-eruptive fluoride administration on caries susceptibility in the rat; and perinatal effects of trace element deficiencies. The book also considers the basis of recommended dietary allowances for trace elements before concluding with a description of quantitative measures of the toxicity of mercury in humans. This book will be useful to physicians, researchers, nutritionists, and toxicologists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Prasad, Ananda S.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Essential and Toxic Elements;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;List of Contributors;12
6;Preface;16
7;Contents of Volume I;18
8;Chapter 26. Magnesium Deficiency and Magnesium Toxicity in Man;20
8.1;I. Introduction;20
8.2;II. Magnesium Deficiency;20
8.3;III. Magnesium Intoxication;32
8.4;IV. Summary;34
8.5;References;34
9;Chapter 27. Magnesium Deficiency and Calcium and Parathyroid Hormone Interrelations;42
9.1;I. Introduction;42
9.2;II. Experimental Symptomatic Magnesium Deficiency in Man;43
9.3;III. Observations in Other Species;46
9.4;IV. Interrelationships among Magnesium, Calcium, Parathyroid Hormone, and Bone Metabolism;50
9.5;V. In Vitro Studies Relating Magnesium to Parathyroid Gland Activity;50
9.6;VI. Effect of Parathyroid Extract in Vivo;53
9.7;VII. Conclusion;61
9.8;References;62
10;Chapter 28. Biochemistry and Physiology of Magnesium;66
10.1;I. Introduction;66
10.2;II. Biochemistry of Magnesium;67
10.3;III. Physiology of Magnesium;73
10.4;IV. Research Needs;90
10.5;References;92
11;Chapter 29. Chromium Metabolism in Man and Biochemical Effects;98
11.1;I. Introduction;98
11.2;II. Role and Structure of Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF);99
11.3;III. Evidence for Chromium Deficiency in Animals and Man;100
11.4;IV. Chromium Content of the Diet;104
11.5;V. Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Chromium;105
11.6;VI. Biological Effects of GTF Supplementation of the Diet;110
11.7;VII. Unsolved Problems and Research Needs;118
11.8;VIM. Summary;120
11.9;References;120
12;Chapter 30. Selenium in Man;124
12.1;I. Introduction;124
12.2;II. Dietary Intake;125
12.3;III. Metabolism;128
12.4;IV. Tissue Levels;134
12.5;V. Deficiency;136
12.6;VI. Toxicity;139
12.7;VII. Medical Applications;141
12.8;VIII. Assessment of Selenium Status;143
12.9;IX. Research Needs;145
12.10;Addendum;146
12.11;References;147
13;Chapter 31. Selected Aspects of the Comparative Metabolism and Biochemistry of Selenium and Sulfur;154
13.1;I. Introduction;154
13.2;II. Comparative Metabolism of Selenium and Sulfur;156
13.3;III. Comparative Biochemistry of Selenium and Sulfur;169
13.4;IV. Research Needs;175
13.5;References;176
14;Chapter 32. Selenium and Glutathione Peroxidase in Health and Disease—A Review;184
14.1;I. Introduction;184
14.2;II. Properties of Glutathione Peroxidase;186
14.3;III. Assay of Glutathione Peroxidase;196
14.4;IV. Distribution of Glutathione Peroxidase;199
14.5;V. Cellular Functions of Glutathione Peroxidase;209
14.6;VI. Glutathione Peroxidase in Human Diseases;226
14.7;VII. Research Needs;235
14.8;References;237
15;Chapter 33. Metabolism and Function of Manganese;254
15.1;I. Introduction;254
15.2;II. Metabolism of Manganese;254
15.3;III. Biochemical and Physiological Changes Associated with Manganese Deficiency;257
15.4;IV. Biochemical Function of Manganese;259
15.5;V. Summary and Conclusions;262
15.6;References;263
16;Chapter 34. Fluoride Metabolism—Effect of Preeruptive or Posteruptive Fluoride Administration on Rat Caries Susceptibility;268
16.1;I. Introduction;268
16.2;II. Materials and Methods;272
16.3;III. Results;275
16.4;IV. Discussion;281
16.5;V. Conclusion;283
16.6;VI. Summary;284
16.7;References;285
17;Chapter 35. Methodology of Trace Element Research;288
17.1;I. Introduction;288
17.2;II. Trace Element Diversity and Characteristics;288
17.3;III. The Essential Elements;289
17.4;IV. Naturally Occurring "Area" Problems with Trace Elements;291
17.5;V. Methodological Problems with Purified and Special Diets;294
17.6;References;297
18;Chapter 36. Mineral Interrelationships;300
18.1;I. Introduction;300
18.2;II. Interaction of Trace Elements :;300
18.3;III. Research Needs;306
18.4;References;318
19;Chapter 37. Perinatal Effects of Trace Element Deficiencies;320
19.1;I. Introduction;320
19.2;II. Copper;321
19.3;III. Manganese;322
19.4;IV. Zinc;325
19.5;V. Magnesium;329
19.6;VI. Conclusion;329
19.7;References;329
20;Chapter 38. Effects of Oral Contraceptive Agents on Trace Element Metabolism—A Review;334
20.1;I. Introduction;334
20.2;II. Oral Contraceptives and Trace Element Metabolism;334
20.3;III. Future Research Needs;359
20.4;References;360
21;Chapter 39. Human Intake of Trace Elements;366
21.1;I. Introduction;366
21.2;II. Diet in the Trace Element Deficiency of Egyptians;366
21.3;III. Research Needs;384
21.4;References;385
22;Chapter 40. Basis of Recommended Dietary Allowances for Trace Elements;390
22.1;I. Introduction;390
22.2;II. What Is a Recommended Dietary Allowance?;391
22.3;III. Considerations in Setting RDA;391
22.4;IV. RDA for Trace Elements;395
22.5;V. Need for More Knowledge on Which to Base RDA;396
22.6;References;397
23;Chapter 41. Newer Trace Elements and Possible Application in Man;398
23.1;I. Introduction;398
23.2;II. Review and Discussion;399
23.3;III. Research Needs;414
23.4;References;415
24;Chapter 42. Cadmium Metabolism—A Review of Aspects Pertinent to Evaluating Dietary Cadmium Intake by Man;420
24.1;I. Introduction;420
24.2;II. Present Knowledge of Cadmium Metabolism;421
24.3;III. Research and Information Needs;431
24.4;References;432
25;Chapter 43. Review of Hypertension Induced in Animals by Chronic Ingestion of Cadmium;436
25.1;I. Introduction;436
25.2;II. Review of Hypertension Induced by Cadmium Feeding;438
25.3;III. Discussion;446
25.4;IV. Conclusions;447
25.5;References;448
26;Chapter 44. The Chronic Toxicity of Cadmium;450
26.1;I. Introduction;450
26.2;II. Effects of Cadmium;451
26.3;III. Needs for Further Research;457
26.4;References;459
27;Chapter 45. Metabolism and Toxicity of Lead;462
27.1;I. Introduction;462
27.2;II. Sources of Lead;464
27.3;III. Metabolic Effects;466
27.4;IV. Clinical Symptoms;468
27.5;V. Screening Methods;468
27.6;VI. Interaction with Other Nutrients;469
27.7;VII. Summary;470
27.8;References;470
28;Chapter 46. Quantitative Measures of the Toxicity of Mercury in Man;472
28.1;I. Introduction;472
28.2;II. Dose-Response Relationships in Human Populations Exposed to Elemental Mercury Vapor or Methylmercury Compounds;473
28.3;III. Factors Affecting the Toxicity of Mercury in Man;478
28.4;IV. Research Needs;491
28.5;V. Summary;492
28.6;References;493
29;Author Index;496
30;Cumulative Subject Index;523