Popov Corrosion Engineering

Principles and Solved Problems
1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-0-444-62727-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 792 Seiten

Corrosion Engineering: Principles and Solved Problems covers corrosion engineering through an extensive theoretical description of the principles of corrosion theory, passivity and corrosion prevention strategies and design of corrosion protection systems. The book is updated with results published in papers and reviews in the last twenty years. Solved corrosion case studies, corrosion analysis and solved corrosion problems in the book are presented to help the reader to understand the corrosion fundamental principles from thermodynamics and electrochemical kinetics, the mechanism that triggers the corrosion processes at the metal interface and how to control or inhibit the corrosion rates. The book covers the multidisciplinary nature of corrosion engineering through topics from electrochemistry, thermodynamics, mechanical, bioengineering and civil engineering. - Addresses the corrosion theory, passivity, material selections and designs - Covers extensively the corrosion engineering protection strategies - Contains over 500 solved problems, diagrams, case studies and end of chapter problems - Could be used as a text in advanced/graduate corrosion courses as well self-study reference for corrosion engineers

Branko N. Popov is Carolina Distinguished Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, USA is. He has established at USC an internationally recognized research program in corrosion and electrochemical engineering and is among the world's most highly cited and respected researchers in the field. In the last four years, his work at University of South Carolina led to research grants of $10M from the government and industry. During his seventeen years of service at USC and as the Director of the Centre for Electrochemical engineering. his research group has published 220 peer-reviewed articles, 52 proceeding volume articles, and 13 book chapters. His research group presented more than 220 conference papers on the National and International Conferences organized globally. His research group presented more than 235 conference papers on the National and International Conferences organized globally. He has received funding from DOE, NSF, ONR, ARMY, Reconnaissance Office, NRO, NASA, AESF, DOT and private companies. Dr. Popov has been included in the lists in 2014 and 2015 of ISI Highly Cited Researchers, which represents a world's leading scientist, according to Tomson Reuters. According to Scholar Commons, his papers were accessed more than 53,500 times.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Popov, Branko N.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Corrosion Engineering: Principles and Solved Problems;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Contents;6
5;Acknowledgment;12
6;Preface ;14
7;Chapter 1: Evaluation of Corrosion;20
7.1;1.1. Significance and Cost of Corrosion;21
7.2;1.2. Definition;21
7.3;1.3. Conditions for the Initiation of Corrosion;22
7.4;1.4. Electrochemical Polarization;23
7.5;1.5. Passivity;25
7.6;1.6. Types of Corrosion;27
7.7;1.7. Brief Description of Different Types of Corrosion;28
7.7.1;1.7.1. Uniform corrosion;28
7.7.2;1.7.2. Galvanic corrosion;28
7.7.3;1.7.3. Pitting corrosion;30
7.7.4;1.7.4. Crevice corrosion;33
7.7.5;1.7.5. Filiform corrosion;34
7.7.6;1.7.6. Stress corrosion cracking;35
7.7.7;1.7.7. Metallurgy of SCC;36
7.7.8;1.7.8. Solid solution composition and grain boundary segregation;37
7.7.9;1.7.9. Alloy phase transformation and associated solute depleted zones;37
7.7.10;1.7.10. Duplex structure;39
7.7.11;1.7.11. Cold work;39
7.7.12;1.7.12. Hydrogen embrittlement;40
7.7.13;1.7.13. Corrosion fatigue cracking;41
7.8;1.8. Corrosion Rate Determination;43
7.8.1;1.8.1. Calculation of corrosion rate form corrosion current;43
7.9;References;45
8;Chapter 2: Thermodynamics in the Electrochemical Reactions of Corrosion;48
8.1;2.1. Introduction;49
8.2;2.2. Electrochemical Corrosion;49
8.3;2.3. Thermodynamics of Corrosion Processes;51
8.4;2.4. Equilibrium Electrode Potentials;54
8.5;2.5. Electrochemical Half-Cells and Electrode Potentials;56
8.6;2.6. Electromotive Force Series;57
8.7;2.7. Determination of Electrochemical/Corrosion Reaction Direction by Gibbs Energy;61
8.8;2.8. Reference Electrodes of Importance in Corrosion Processes;64
8.8.1;2.8.1. Determination of reversible potential of the hydrogen electrode;64
8.8.2;2.8.2. Determination of reversible potential of the oxygen electrode;66
8.8.3;2.8.3. Determination of cell potential of the hydrogen-oxygen cell (fuel cell);67
8.8.4;2.8.4. Determination of electrode potential of a standard Weston cell;69
8.8.5;2.8.5. Determination of electrode potentials for electrodes of the second kind;70
8.8.6;2.8.6. Calomel electrode;71
8.8.7;2.8.7. Silver-silver chloride electrode;72
8.8.8;2.8.8. Copper-copper sulfate electrode;73
8.9;2.9. Measurement of Reversible Cell Potential with Liquid Junction Potential;74
8.10;2.10. Measurement of Corrosion Potential;75
8.11;2.11. Construction of Pourbaix Diagrams;76
8.11.1;2.11.1. Regions of electrochemical stability of water;77
8.11.2;2.11.2. Construction of pourbaix diagram for zinc;78
8.11.3;2.11.3. Construction of Pourbaix diagram for tin;82
8.11.4;2.11.4. Pourbaix diagram for iron;86
8.11.5;2.11.5. Construction of Pourbaix diagram for nickel;87
8.12;2.12. Case Studies;90
8.12.1;2.12.1. Activity coefficients;90
8.12.2;2.12.2. Evaluation of theoretical tendency of metals to corrode;92
8.12.3;2.12.3. Hydrogen and oxygen electrodes;106
8.13;Exercises;109
8.14;References;110
9;Chapter 3: Electrochemical Kinetics of Corrosion;112
9.1;3.1. Introduction;113
9.2;3.2. Ohmic Polarization;113
9.3;3.3. Electrochemical Polarization;114
9.3.1;3.3.1. Special cases of Butler-Volmer equation-high field approximation;120
9.3.2;3.3.2. Low-field approximation;126
9.4;3.4. Concentration Polarization;130
9.5;3.5. Relevance of Electrochemical Kinetics to Corrosion;131
9.6;3.6. Construction of Evans Diagrams;133
9.7;3.7. Effects of Polarization Behavior on the Corrosion Rate;144
9.8;3.8. Effects of Mass Transfer on Electrode Kinetics;147
9.8.1;3.8.1. Diffusion-limited corrosion rate;148
9.8.2;3.8.2. Rotating disk electrode;150
9.9;Exercises;159
9.10;Calculate:;159
9.11;References;160
10;Chapter 4: Passivity;162
10.1;4.1. Active-Passive Corrosion Behavior;163
10.2;4.2. Applications of Potentiostatic Polarization Measurements;166
10.3;4.3. Galvanostatic Anode Polarization;167
10.4;4.4. Fundamentals of Passivity;169
10.4.1;4.4.1. The film and adsorption theories of passivity;169
10.4.2;4.4.2. Thermodynamics;170
10.4.3;4.4.3. Kinetics of passivation processes;172
10.5;4.5. Factors Affecting Passivation;173
10.5.1;4.5.1. Effect of acid concentration on passivity of an active-passive metal;174
10.5.2;4.5.2. Effect of solution velocity on active-passive metals and alloys-construction of polarization curve for stainless s...;176
10.5.3;4.5.3. Criterion for passivation;179
10.5.4;4.5.4. Effect of oxidizer concentration on passivity;179
10.6;4.6. Methods for Spontaneous Passivation of Metals;181
10.7;4.7. Alloy Evaluation;184
10.8;4.8. Anodic Protection;185
10.8.1;4.8.1. Anodic protection systems;186
10.8.2;4.8.2. Design requirements;188
10.8.3;4.8.3. Applications;188
10.9;4.9. Composition and Structure of Iron Passive Films;188
10.9.1;4.9.1. Stainless steel;189
10.9.2;4.9.2. Crystalline structure;191
10.10;Exercises;192
10.11;References;195
11;Chapter 5: Basics of Corrosion Measurements;200
11.1;5.1. Introduction;201
11.2;5.2. Polarization Resistance;202
11.3;5.3. Calculation of Corrosion Rates from Polarization Data-Stern and Geary Equation;203
11.3.1;5.3.1. Calculation of corrosion rate from the corrosion current;207
11.4;5.4. Electrochemical Techniques to Measure Polarization Resistance;209
11.4.1;5.4.1. Linear polarization technique;209
11.4.2;5.4.2. Galvanostatic technique;210
11.4.3;5.4.3. Nonlinearity of polarization curves;211
11.5;5.5. Applications of Linear Polarization Technique-Estimation of Corrosion Rates;212
11.6;5.6. Corrosion Potential Measurements as a Function of Time (OCP vs. Time);220
11.7;5.7. Tafel Extrapolation Method;221
11.7.1;5.7.1. Principles of the Tafel extrapolation method;221
11.7.2;5.7.2. Tafel extrapolation procedure;222
11.8;5.8. Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements;226
11.9;5.9. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy;232
11.9.1;5.9.1. Principles of the method;232
11.9.2;5.9.2. Expression for impedance of the R-L-C series circuit;238
11.9.3;5.9.3. AC impedance plots: impedance spectra with their associated equivalent circuits;239
11.9.4;5.9.4. Application of electrochemical impedance to corrosion studies;245
11.10;5.10. Advantages and Limitations of EIS;250
11.11;5.11. Recent Corrosion Research;250
11.12;Exercises;251
11.13;References;253
12;Chapter 6: Galvanic Corrosion;258
12.1;6.1. Definition of Galvanic Corrosion;259
12.2;6.2. Galvanic Series;259
12.3;6.3. Experimental Measurements;262
12.3.1;6.3.1. Polarization in galvanic couples;262
12.3.2;6.3.2. Zero resistance ammeter;263
12.3.3;6.3.3. Scanning vibrating electrode technique;264
12.4;6.4. Prevention of Galvanic Corrosion;265
12.5;6.5. Theoretical Aspects;266
12.5.1;6.5.1. Effect of exchange current density on galvanic current in Fe-Zn galvanic couple;266
12.5.2;6.5.2. Differential aeration: oxygen concentration cell;276
12.6;6.6. Testing Methods in Galvanic Corrosion;280
12.6.1;6.6.1. Scanning vibrating electrode technique;280
12.6.2;6.6.2. Shadowgraphy and Mach-Zehnder interferometry;283
12.6.3;6.6.3. Other methods;283
12.7;6.7. Automotive Applications;287
12.8;6.8. Galvanic Corrosion in Concrete Structures;289
12.9;6.9. Refrigeration;290
12.10;6.10. Dental Applications;292
12.11;6.11. Corrosion of Microstructures;293
12.12;6.12. Galvanic Coatings;294
12.13;6.13. Numerical Modeling of Galvanic Corrosion Couples;298
12.14;Exercises;299
12.15;References;302
13;Chapter 7: Pitting and Crevice Corrosion;308
13.1;7.1. Introduction;309
13.2;7.2. Critical Pitting Potential and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion;309
13.3;7.3. Mechanism of Pitting Corrosion;314
13.3.1;7.3.1. Passive film breakdown;315
13.3.2;7.3.2. Autocatalytic mechanism of pit growth;318
13.3.2.1;7.3.2.1. Formation of nucleated pits;318
13.3.2.2;7.3.2.2. Propagation pit growth;319
13.3.2.3;7.3.2.3. Pit arrest;320
13.3.2.4;7.3.2.4. MnS inclusions;320
13.4;7.4. Effect of Temperature;323
13.5;7.5. Effects of Alloy Composition on Pitting Corrosion;325
13.6;7.6. Inhibition of Pitting Corrosion;327
13.7;7.7. Crevice Corrosion;329
13.7.1;7.7.1. Mechanism of crevice corrosion;330
13.7.2;7.7.2. Inhibition of crevice corrosion;332
13.8;7.8. Filiform Corrosion;334
13.9;7.9. Prevention;335
13.10;Exercises;335
13.11;References;340
14;Chapter 8: Hydrogen Permeation and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking;346
14.1;8.1. Introduction;347
14.2;8.2. Hydrogen Evolution Reaction;347
14.2.1;8.2.1. Kinetics of HER;349
14.2.2;8.2.2. Theoretical diffusion solution;350
14.2.3;8.2.3. Evaluation of diffusivity;351
14.2.4;8.2.4. Basic model for hydrogen permeation: the Iyer-Pickering-Zamanzadeh (IPZ) model;352
14.2.5;8.2.5. Experimental determination of hydrogen permeation parameters;353
14.2.6;8.2.6. Evaluation of rate constants for hydrogen absorption and diffusivity into metals;360
14.3;8.3. Hydrogen-Induced Damage;362
14.3.1;8.3.1. Hydrogen-induced cracking;362
14.3.2;8.3.2. Hydrogen embrittlement;364
14.3.3;8.3.3. Hydrogen blistering;364
14.3.4;8.3.4. Hydrogen stress cracking;365
14.3.5;8.3.5. Recent studies on hydrogen-induced damage;365
14.4;8.4. Preventing Hydrogen Damage in Metals;369
14.5;Exercises;376
14.6;List of parameters:;377
14.7;List of parameters:;377
14.8;List of parameters:;377
14.9;Use the following parameters:;379
14.10;References;379
15;Chapter 9: Stress Corrosion Cracking;384
15.1;9.1. Definition and Characteristics of Stress Corrosion Cracking;385
15.2;9.2. Testing Methods;386
15.2.1;9.2.1. Constant deformation tests;387
15.2.1.1;9.2.1.1. Two-point loaded specimens;390
15.2.1.2;9.2.1.2. Three-point loaded specimen;391
15.2.1.3;9.2.1.3. Four-point loaded specimen;391
15.2.1.4;9.2.1.4. Double beam specimen;392
15.2.2;9.2.2. Sustained load tests;393
15.2.3;9.2.3. Slow strain rate tensile testing;393
15.3;9.3. Fracture Mechanics Testing;395
15.3.1;9.3.1. Test methods;398
15.3.2;9.3.2. Precracked cantilever beam specimens;399
15.3.3;9.3.3. Linearly increasing stress test;401
15.4;9.4. Examples of Stress Corrosion Cracking;402
15.5;9.5. SCC Models;402
15.5.1;9.5.1. Film rupture model;404
15.5.2;9.5.2. Fracture-induced cleavage model;405
15.5.3;9.5.3. Localized surface plasticity model;405
15.5.4;9.5.4. Atomic surface mobility model;406
15.6;9.6. Metallurgy of Stress Corrosion Cracking;408
15.6.1;9.6.1. Solid solution composition;408
15.6.2;9.6.2. Grain boundary segregation;409
15.6.3;9.6.3. Alloy phase transformation and associated solute depleted zones;416
15.6.4;9.6.4. Duplex structures;419
15.6.5;9.6.5. Cold work;422
15.7;9.7. Electrochemical Effects;428
15.8;9.8. Hydrogen Embrittlement;436
15.9;9.9. Corrosion Fatigue Cracking;441
15.10;9.10. Prevention of Stress Corrosion Cracking;448
15.11;Exercises;454
15.12;References;459
16;Chapter 10: Atmospheric Corrosion;470
16.1;10.1. Introduction;471
16.2;10.2. Atmospheric Classification;471
16.3;10.3. Electrochemical Mechanism;472
16.3.1;10.3.1. Corrosion of iron and low alloy steels;472
16.4;10.4. Factors Affecting Atmospheric Corrosion;473
16.4.1;10.4.1. Moisture;473
16.4.2;10.4.2. Temperature;474
16.4.3;10.4.3. Atmospheric pollutants;474
16.4.3.1;10.4.3.1. Sulfur-containing compounds;474
16.4.3.2;10.4.3.2. Nitrates;477
16.4.3.3;10.4.3.3. Chlorine-containing compounds;477
16.5;10.5. Atmospheric Corrosion of Selected Metals;478
16.5.1;10.5.1. Atmospheric corrosion of iron;478
16.5.2;10.5.2. Atmospheric corrosion of magnesium alloy;480
16.5.3;10.5.3. Atmospheric corrosion of nickel;482
16.6;10.6. Classification of Atmospheric Corrosion;482
16.6.1;10.6.1. The International Standard Organization classification of atmospheric corrosion;483
16.6.2;10.6.2. PACER LIME algorithm for atmospheric corrosion classification;486
16.7;10.7. Role of Pollutants;494
16.8;References;496
17;Chapter 11: High-Temperature Corrosion;500
17.1;11.1. Introduction;501
17.2;11.2. High-Temperature Corrosion Thermodynamics;502
17.2.1;11.2.1. Melting points and volatility of oxides;507
17.3;11.3. Pilling-Bedworth Ratio;508
17.4;11.4. Formation of Oxide Layers at High Temperature;510
17.4.1;11.4.1. Oxide microstructure;510
17.4.2;11.4.2. Benefits of alloying;511
17.5;11.5. Electrochemical Nature of Oxidation Processes;515
17.6;11.6. Oxidation Kinetics;517
17.6.1;11.6.1. Parabolic rate equation;518
17.6.2;11.6.2. Logarithmic rate equation;521
17.6.3;11.6.3. Linear rate equation;522
17.6.4;11.6.4. Combination of rate equations;522
17.7;11.7. Hot Corrosion;524
17.7.1;11.7.1. Molten halides;525
17.7.2;11.7.2. Molten nitrates;527
17.7.3;11.7.3. Molten sulfates;527
17.7.4;11.7.4. Molten carbonates;528
17.8;11.8. Methods of Protecting Against Hot Corrosion and High-Temperature Corrosion;530
17.8.1;11.8.1. High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) basics;531
17.8.2;11.8.2. Future work in HVOF;532
17.8.3;11.8.3. Platinum and aluminide coatings;533
17.8.4;11.8.4. Silicon diffusion layers;534
17.8.5;11.8.5. Chemical additions;534
17.8.6;11.8.6. Ion implantation;535
17.8.7;11.8.7. Preformation of oxide layers;537
17.9;Exercises;538
17.10;References;540
18;Chapter 12: Corrosion of Structural Concrete;544
18.1;12.1. Introduction;545
18.2;12.2. Corrosion Mechanism of Reinforcement in Concrete;545
18.2.1;12.2.1. Chloride-induced corrosion mechanism;547
18.2.2;12.2.2. Surface depassivation with carbon dioxide;548
18.3;12.3. Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Evaluation of Reinforcement in Concrete;548
18.3.1;12.3.1. Corrosion potential measurements;548
18.3.2;12.3.2. Linear polarization measurements;549
18.3.3;12.3.3. Tafel polarization;550
18.3.4;12.3.4. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy;550
18.4;12.4. Chloride-Induced Damage;551
18.5;12.5. Corrosion Control of Reinforcing Steel;557
18.6;12.6. Inhibitors;558
18.6.1;12.6.1. Classification of corrosion inhibitors;558
18.6.2;12.6.2. Determination of inhibitor efficiency;558
18.7;12.7. Sacrificial Zinc Coatings;559
18.8;12.8. Concrete Permeability;560
18.9;References;572
19;Chapter 13: Organic Coatings;576
19.1;13.1. Introduction;577
19.2;13.2. Classification of Organic Coatings;577
19.3;13.3. Pigments;580
19.4;13.4. Solvents, Additives, and Fillers;583
19.5;13.5. Surface Preparation;583
19.6;13.6. Application;584
19.7;13.7. Exposure Testing;586
19.8;13.8. Electrochemical Techniques;591
19.9;13.9. Evaluation Methods;592
19.10;13.10. Chemical and Physical Aging of Organic Coatings;592
19.11;References;595
20;Chapter 14: Corrosion Inhibitors;600
20.1;14.1. Introduction;600
20.2;14.2. Types of Inhibitors;602
20.2.1;14.2.1. Anodic passivating inhibitors;602
20.2.2;14.2.2. Cathodic precipitation inhibitors;605
20.2.3;14.2.3. Organic inhibitors;608
20.2.4;14.2.4. Organic inhibitors used for inhibition of steel in an aqueous environment;609
20.2.5;14.2.5. Ohmic inhibitors;610
20.2.6;14.2.6. Vapor phase inhibitors/volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCI);611
20.2.7;14.2.7. Anodic inorganic inhibitors;611
20.3;References;613
21;Chapter 15: Cathodic Protection;618
21.1;15.1. Introduction;619
21.2;15.2. Fundamentals;619
21.2.1;15.2.1. Principle;619
21.2.2;15.2.2. Types of cathodic protection;623
21.2.2.1;15.2.2.1. Sacrificial anode cathodic protection;623
21.3;Requirements for a Good Sacrificial Anode;623
21.3.1;15.2.2.2. Impressed current cathodic protection;627
21.3.2;15.2.3. Selection of cathodic protection system;628
21.3.2.1;15.2.3.1. Basis for selecting a sacrificial anode system;628
21.3.2.2;15.2.3.2. Basis for selecting ICS;628
21.4;15.3. Cathodic Protection Criteria;630
21.4.1;15.3.1. Potential criteria;630
21.4.2;15.3.2. IR Drop considerations;630
21.4.3;15.3.3. Electrochemical basis for CP criteria;631
21.5;15.4. Field Data and Design Aspects;633
21.5.1;15.4.1. Soil resistance;633
21.5.1.1;15.4.1.1. Wenner four-pin method;633
21.5.1.2;15.4.1.2. Soil box method;634
21.5.2;15.4.2. Hydrogen ion activity (pH);634
21.5.3;15.4.3. Microbiological activity and redox potential;636
21.5.4;15.4.4. Coating resistance;637
21.5.4.1;15.4.4.1. Determination of coating resistance;638
21.5.5;15.4.5. Required current density;638
21.6;15.5. Monitoring Methods;639
21.6.1;15.5.1. Potential surveys;639
21.6.1.1;15.5.1.1. CIPS technique;640
21.6.1.2;15.5.1.2. DCVG method;640
21.6.1.3;15.5.1.3. IR coupons/simulation probes;640
21.6.2;15.5.2. Corrosion rate measurements;641
21.7;15.6. Design of Cathodic Protection Systems;642
21.7.1;15.6.1. Choice of the CP system;642
21.7.2;15.6.2. Design of sacrificial protection system;643
21.7.2.1;15.6.2.1. Cathodic protection circuit resistance;643
21.7.2.2;15.6.2.2. Cable resistance;645
21.7.2.3;15.6.2.3. Structure to electrolyte resistance;645
21.7.2.4;15.6.2.4. Total circuit resistance;645
21.7.2.5;15.6.2.5. Anode output;645
21.7.2.6;15.6.2.6. Number of anodes and anode life;646
21.7.3;15.6.3. Design of ICS;646
21.7.3.1;15.6.3.1. Current and potential distributions on the protected structure;646
21.7.3.2;15.6.3.2. Anode selection;647
21.7.3.3;15.6.3.3. Anode requirements;648
21.7.3.4;15.6.3.4. Ground-bed resistance;648
21.7.3.5;15.6.3.5. Rectifier selection;648
21.7.3.6;15.6.3.6. Ground-bed selection;649
21.8;15.7. Computer-Aided Design of Cathodic Protection;649
21.9;Exercises;650
21.10;References;652
22;Solutions Guide Chapter 2: Thermodynamics in the Electrochemical Reactions of Corrosion;658
23;Solutions Guide Chapter 3: Electrochemical Kinetics of Corrosion;670
24;Solutions Guide Chapter 4: Passivity;686
25;Solutions Guide Chapter 5: Basics of Corrosion Measurements;702
26;Solutions Guide Chapter 6: Galvanic Corrosion;712
27;Solutions Guide Chapter 7: Pitting and Crevice Corrosion;726
28;Solutions Guide Chapter 8: Hydrogen Permeation and Hydrogen-Induced Cracking;738
29;Solutions Guide Chapter 9: Stress Corrosion Cracking;748
30;Solutions Guide Chapter 11: High-Temperature Corrosion;758
31;Solutions Guide Chapter 15: Cathodic Protection;768
32;Index;778
33;Color Plate;794

Leseproben

Preface
Corrosion Engineering–Principles and Solved Problems is based on the author’s experience teaching undergraduate and graduate corrosion courses entitled Corrosion Engineering, Advanced Corrosion Engineering, and Electrochemical and Corrosion Techniques at the University of South Carolina. The book provides an extensive and in-depth theoretical analysis of thermodynamics kinetics, mass transfer, potential theory, and passivation, creating a foundation for understanding the electrochemical nature of the corrosion process and corrosion protection strategies discussed in the book’s second part. Around the world, the students who currently attend corrosion-engineering courses are enrolled in different engineering programs. This fact requires additional topics to be included in the book, and to this end, the book reviews the corrosion processes, protection strategies, and testing for civil-engineering structures; corrosion in chemical process engineering; mechanical and nuclear corrosion engineering; and metallurgy. The fundamental principles of corrosion and related protection strategies are explained through solved problems, exercises, and case studies, and the book helps upper-level undergraduate and graduate students learn the subject through an extensive theoretical description of corrosion theory, passivity, corrosion prevention strategies, and corrosion protection system design. The author has attempted to organize the book so the instructor can use it as the basis for a course in corrosion engineering for undergraduate students and also graduate students. With a bibliography citing more than 1350 studies published in the last 10 years, the book is also designed to serve as a valuable scientific resource for professionals working in the fields of corrosion, electrochemical, chemical, metallurgical, mechanical, electrical, manufacturing, and nuclear engineering, as well as graduate students and material scientists. Chapters 1 to 3 describe the theory of corrosion engineering and offer analyzed case studies and solved problems in the thermodynamics of corrosion processes, the relevance of electrochemical kinetics to corrosion, low field approximation theory, concentration polarization, the effects of polarization behavior on corrosion rate, the effect of mass transfer on electrode kinetics, and diffusion-limited corrosion rates. Chapter 4 presents the fundamentals of passivity; the film and adsorption theories of passivity; criterion for passivation; methods for spontaneous passivation; factors affecting passivation, such as the effect of solution velocity and acid concentration; alloy evaluation; anodic protection systems; and design requirements. A full discussion on stainless steel composition and crystalline structure, oxidizer concentration, and alloy evaluation is included. The chapter also considers anodic protection to establish a basis for anodic protection systems and designs. By the end of the chapter, case studies, solved problems, and exercises illustrate passivation and anodic protection system design. The basics of corrosion measurements are outlined in Chapter 5, which describes polarization methods for measuring corrosion rates, the oxidizing power of the environment, and corrosion protection effectiveness. The chapter starts by explaining corrosion measurement basics and corrosion rate determination by linear polarization using the Stern-Geary equation and Tafel extrapolation. The advantages of corrosion inhibitor evaluation, corrosion monitoring in process plants, and corrosion characteristics are also described, and the chapter considers potentiodynamic polarization for determining passivation and critical current density. At the end of the chapter, a detailed review of recent literature explains electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Solved and exercise problems illustrate electrochemical techniques in corrosion rate measurements. Chapter 6, which is on galvanic corrosion, describes theoretical galvanic corrosion aspects, mixed potential theory, galvanic series, and novel testing methods suggested by the literature. A detailed discussion on galvanic corrosion, polarization, and prevention provides information on materials, minimizing cathode-anode area ratio, coatings and inhibitors, and environmentally friendly sacrificial materials. A literature review also describes novel testing methods in galvanic corrosion, novel alloys for automotive applications, and galvanic corrosion inhibition in both concrete structures and dental magnetic attachments. Galvanic corrosion theory and evaluation are explained through case studies, solved problems, exercises, and numerical modeling. In Chapter 7, the book addresses pitting potential analyses in connection with new alloys with low pitting corrosion susceptibility. In addition, the chapter considers the recent literature on pitting mechanisms and crevice corrosion evaluation as they relate to corrosion severity control, main variables, and experimental data consistency in particular systems. Electrochemical kinetics such as charge transfer, mass transport, and ohmic effects explain pit growth and arrest, and the discussion of pitting inhibition and crevice corrosion is focused on new alloys and alloy composition effects for decreased pitting corrosion susceptibility, conversion coating, inhibitor development, and cathodic and anodic protection. Crevice and filiform corrosion are also described via initiation and propagation processes, and the case study and exercise problems illustrate pitting and crevice mechanisms and corrosion protection strategies for inhibiting pitting corrosion. Hydrogen permeation in metals is introduced for the first time in Chapter 8 of this book, which describes hydrogen permeation and hydrogen-induced damage and prevention in metals and alloys. To this end, the chapter discusses hydrogen evolution kinetics, theoretical diffusion solutions, and basic hydrogen permeation models. Models are used as a diagnostic tool for determining the effectiveness of various metals and alloys as hydrogen permeation inhibitors. Through case studies, the chapter then explains the experimental determination of atomic hydrogen permeation transients and the evaluation of hydrogen absorption rate constants and diffusivity into metals. A discussion on hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen-induced cracking, hydrogen blistering, and hydrogen stress cracking then shows the relationship between hydrogen permeation and hydrogen-induced cracking mechanisms previously described in the chapter. The most recent research related to hydrogen kinetic parameters is also reviewed, and the case studies and solved problems illustrate models for developing alloys that reduce hydrogen ingress. The discussion of stress corrosion in Chapter 9 begins with a definition and characteristics for stress corrosion cracking (SCC), testing methods common to SCC and hydrogen-induced cracking, principles and techniques of fracture mechanics, and corrosion fatigue testing. These methods have been updated with references published in the last 20 years. SCC metallurgy is explained through case studies on SCC variables such as solid solution composition, grain boundary segregation, alloy phase transformation and associated solute-depleted zones, duplex structures, and cold work. From 2000 to 2013, more than 200 published studies have analyzed electrochemical effects such as chloride-induced localized corrosion in stainless steels, SCC due to dealloying, and hydrogen-induced SCC in high-strength alloys. The chapter continues with corrosion fatigue cracking and detection. SCC failure prevention methods are discussed at the end of the chapter. In addition, the fundamental principles of SCC, the nature of the processes, and related protection strategies are explained through solved exercise problems from fracture mechanics and case studies published in the last decade. Chapter 10 on atmospheric corrosion describes basic atmospheric corrosion principles resulting from metal exposure at ambient and near-ambient temperatures in humid air. It starts by presenting environment classification, common industrial pollutants, atmospheric corrosion factors, and atmospheric corrosion classifications according to the International Standard Organization. Atmospheric pollutants, such as sulfur-containing compounds, chlorine-containing compounds, and nitrates, are discussed in the chapter through a review of recent literature, and the chapter concludes by showing the role of industrial pollutants in controlling atmospheric corrosion, through a discussion of iron and low-alloy steel corrosion, as well as the atmospheric corrosion of nickel, magnesium alloys, zinc, and bare and anodized aluminum. The influence of alloying elements such as copper, tin, zinc, and lead on bronze corrosion and prevention is also explained through recent literature. Chapter 11 introduces high-temperature corrosion, considering basic metal and alloy corrosion principles at elevated temperatures in air and other oxidizing gases. It starts by explaining high-temperature corrosion thermodynamics, the Pilling-Bedworth ratio, electrochemical oxidation processes, oxide-layer formation, microstructure, and oxidation kinetics. Parabolic, logarithmic, and linear rate equations and the combination of those equations also show the relationship between corrosion and oxide-layer formation at high temperatures. Hot metal-oxide corrosion is explained using molten halide, molten nitrite, and molten carbonate interactions. To further explain this interaction, a case study on molten halides is included. The chapter concludes by considering conventional and recently developed methods...