Piontelli Development of Normal Fetal Movements

The First 25 Weeks of Gestation
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-88-470-1402-2
Verlag: Springer Milan
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 139 Seiten

This work sees the light for various reasons. There is a general lack of detailed information about the earliest stages of human motor development. The reasons for this are explained more fully in the Introduction; here we may simply state that, apart from their intrinsic interest, earlier phenomena are fundamental to the comprehension of later phenomena rooted in them, whether pathological or normal. This is especially so in the rapidly - veloping young organism. At birth the neonate is catapulted into a profoundly different physical and social envir- ment requiring extremely diverse functioning: suffice it to mention aerial respiration, no longer being fed through the placenta and the cord, and the full impact of gravity on neonatal movements. The neonate generally adapts smoothly to the transition, as it has been equipped to do so during the 9 months of pregnancy. However, the study of the early stages of fetal motor development should not be exclusively directed towards the und- standing of functioning in the neonate.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Piontelli, Alessandra

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Tilte page;3
2;Copyright page;4
3;Preface;6
4;Acknowledgements;8
5;Table of Contents;10
6;Introduction;12
6.1;References;16
7;1 General Movements;18
7.1;1.1 General Movements: 7–16 weeks;19
7.2;1.2 Length of the Feet and Epidermal Ridges;22
7.3;1.3 General Movements: 17–25 weeks;23
7.4;1.4 General Movements: Frequency and Duration;27
7.5;1.5 Central Pattern Generators;27
7.6;References;29
8;2 Startles, Twitches and Clonuses;30
8.1;2.1 Startles;30
8.2;2.2 Twitches;36
8.3;2.3 Clonuses;38
8.4;References;38
9;3 Hiccups, Yawning and Gasping;40
9.1;3.1 Hiccups;40
9.2;3.2 Yawning;44
9.3;3.3 Gasping;47
9.4;References;48
10;4 Fetal Breathing Movements;50
10.1;4.1 Fetal Breathing Movements: General Features;51
10.2;4.2 Fetal Breathing Movements: Non-Coincidence with other Behavioural Events;52
10.3;4.3 Apnoeic Pauses;53
10.4;4.4 Possible Functional Significance;55
10.5;4.5 Neurological Substrate;56
10.6;References;57
11;5 Swallowing, Sucking, and Handedness as Inferred from Fetal Thumb Sucking;59
11.1;5.1 Swallowing and Sucking: General Features;59
11.2;5.2 Swallowing: Development;60
11.3;5.3 Fetal Swallowing: Possible Functions;63
11.4;5.4 Swallowing: Possible Regulation;64
11.5;5.5 Handedness in the Human Fetus as Assessed by Thumb-Sucking;64
11.6;References;67
12;6 Localized Movements;68
12.1;6.1 Hand and Arm Movements;70
12.2;6.2 Leg Movements;80
12.3;References;84
13;7 Facial Expressions;85
13.1;7.1 Basic Emotions;86
13.2;7.2 Cross-Modal Integration;88
13.3;7.3 Preparing for Post-Natal Communications;90
13.4;7.4 Parental Reactions;91
13.5;7.5 Yawning: a Form of Communicating?;93
13.6;References;94
14;8 Rest-Activity Cycles, Clusters and the Ontogeny of Sleep;95
14.1;8.1 Sleep in Children;96
14.2;8.2 Behavioural States in Premature Infants and Mature Fetuses;96
14.3;8.3 Early Fetal Functioning: Rest-Activity Cycles and Clusters of Activities;97
14.3.1;8.3.1 Ontogeny of Sleep and its Possible Precursors;100
14.4;References;102
15;9 Twin Fetuses and Twin Myths;104
15.1;9.1 Beginnings of Intrapair Stimulation and its Relevance for Our Knowledge of the Sensory Capacities of All Fetuses;104
15.2;9.2 Features of Rest Cycles Revealed by Twins;106
15.3;9.3 Similarities and Differences;107
15.4;9.4 Behavioural Individuality;111
15.5;9.5 Universal Myths;111
15.6;9.6 Twins: Open to Mutual Communication;112
15.7;9.7 Maternal Emotions and their Impact on the Twin Fetus;112
15.8;9.8 Bereavement in the Twin Fetus;113
15.9;References;113
16;10 Conclusions. Movement is Life;114
16.1;10.1 Fetal Movements: Varied and Varying Functions;114
16.2;10.2 Shaping a Sense of our Boundaries;116
16.3;10.3 Building a Body Schema and a Proto-Sense of Self;117
16.4;10.4 Forming the Cortical Homunculus and its Curious Layout?;118
16.5;10.5 Building on Expressive Repertoire;119
16.6;References;120
17;Glossary;121
18;Subject Index;137