Membrane Process Design Using Residue Curve Maps

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-470-52431-2
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 248 Seiten, mit 1 CD-ROM, Format (B × H): 161 mm x 240 mm, Gewicht: 563 g

Design and Synthesis of Membrane Separation Processes provides a novel method of design and synthesis for membrane separation. While the main focus of the book is given to gas separation and pervaporation membranes, the theory has been developed in such a way that it is general and valid for any type of membrane.

The method, which uses a graphical technique, allows one to calculate and visualize the change in composition of the retentate (non-permeate) phase. This graphical approach is based on Membrane Residue Curve Maps. One of the strengths of this approach is that it is exactly analogous to the method of Residue Curve Maps that has proved so successful in distillation system synthesis and design.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Peters, Mark

Glasser, David

Hildebrandt, Diane

Kauchali, Shehzaad

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Chemische Anlagen
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Verfahrenstechnik, Chemieingenieurwesen
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein Chemometrik, Chemoinformatik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Notation xv

About The Authors xix

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 PERMEATION MODELING 7

2.1 Diffusion Membranes 8

2.1.1 Gas Separation 8

2.1.2 Pervaporation 11

2.2 Membrane Classification 13

3 INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHICAL TECHNIQUES IN MEMBRANE SEPARATIONS 15

3.1 A Thought Experiment 15

3.2 Binary Separations 16

3.3 Multicomponent Systems 20

3.3.1 Mass Balances 21

3.3.2 Plotting a Residue Curve Map 23

4 PROPERTIES OF MEMBRANE RESIDUE CURVE MAPS 29

4.1 Stationary Points 29

4.2 Membrane Vector Field 30

4.3 Unidistribution Lines 31

4.4 The Effect of a-Values on the Topology of M-RCMs 32

4.5 Properties of an Existing Selective M-RCM 34

4.5.1 Case 1: When the Permeate Side Is at Vacuum Conditions (i.e., pP ˜ 0) 34

4.5.2 Case 2: When the Permeate Pressure Is Nonzero (i.e., pP > 0) 36

4.6 Conclusion 38

5 APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE RESIDUE CURVE MAPS TO BATCH AND CONTINUOUS PROCESSES 41

5.1 Introduction 41

5.2 Review of Previous Chapters 44

5.3 Batch Membrane Operation 45

5.3.1 Operating Leaves in Batch Permeation 45

5.3.2 Material Balances 46

5.3.3 Permeation Model 48

5.3.4 Operating Regions: Nonselective Membranes 48

5.3.5 Operating Regions: Selective Membranes 50

5.4 Permeation Time 52

5.5 Continuous Membrane Operation 54

5.5.1 Nonreflux Equipment 54

5.5.2 Reflux Equipment 58

5.6 Conclusion 64

6 COLUMN PROFILES FOR MEMBRANE COLUMN SECTIONS 65

6.1 Introduction to Membrane Column Development 66

6.1.1 Relevant Works in Membrane Column Research 67

6.2 Generalized Column Sections 68

6.2.1 The Difference Point Equation 70

6.2.2 Infinite Reflux 71

6.2.3 Finite Reflux 74

6.2.4 CPM Pinch Loci 76

6.3 Theory 80

6.3.1 Me

Über Autor(innen)

MARK PETERS graduated with both undergraduate and PhD degrees in chemical engineering from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. He has previously worked at Sasol Technology, where he focused on low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquids conversion. He is currently a separations consultant at the Centre of Material and Process Synthesis (COMPS), based at the University of the Witwatersrand.

DAVID GLASSER is a Personal Professor of Chemical Engineering and Director of the Centre of Material and Process Synthesis (COMPS) at the University of the Witwatersrand. He has been awarded an A1 rating as a scientist by the National Research Foundation, the central research-funding organization in South Africa, and has authored or coauthored more than a hundred scientific papers.

DIANE HILDEBRANDT is the Co-Director for the Centre of Material and Process Synthesis (COMPS) at the University of the Witwatersrand. She has authored or coauthored over seventy scientific papers. She received the Presidents' Award from the Foundation for Research and Development as well as the Distinguished Researcher Award from the University of the Witwatersrand.

SHEHZAAD KAUCHALI obtained his PhD at the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand. He is currently a full-time senior academic and the Director of the Gasification Technology and Research Group.