Buch, Englisch, 320 Seiten, Format (B × H): 152 mm x 229 mm, Gewicht: 594 g
Principles, Implementation, and Applications
Buch, Englisch, 320 Seiten, Format (B × H): 152 mm x 229 mm, Gewicht: 594 g
ISBN: 978-1-394-21680-2
Verlag: Wiley
Comprehensive resource presenting tunable evanescent-mode filters design principles, implementation technologies, and applications, with hardware demonstrations and illustrations to support concepts
Covering all recent advancements in the field, Tunable Evanescent-Mode Filters discusses fundamentals and applications in tunable evanescent-mode filters with concepts supported by hardware demonstrations to help the reader design experiments, a variety of detailed illustrations to aid in reader comprehension, and worked-out examples to help connect theory to practice.
The book is divided into three parts. The first part introduces associated physics, providing background information on topics such as filter anatomy, coupling matrix and routing diagrams, evanescent-mode resonators, and more. The second part covers implementation, describing topics like printed circuit boards, silicon microfabrication, and injection molding. The last part covers applications and discusses a broad range of topics including absorptive bandstop filters, bandwidth and passband control, high-order and fractional-order evanescent-mode filters, advanced evanescent-mode filter structures, and phase-locked loop and balanced-balanced tunable filtering.
Written by two highly qualified academics with significant research experience in the field, Tunable Evanescent-Mode Filters also explores topics such as: - Filter examples, including Chebyshev bandpass filters and Butterworth bandstop filters, and coupling techniques, including external and inter-resonator coupling
- The constant bandwidth coupling concept, covering BW variation versus T-line length and tuning range, as well as phase variation
- Bandpass-to-Bandstop reconfigurable filters, covering the switching coupling structure
- Single-ended (SE) and balanced (BAL) diplexers, covering the dual-mode diplexing concept and its architecture and resonant frequency misalignment
- Monitoring and control of silicone-based filters, covering spiral inductors and circuit optimization
Tunable Evanescent-Mode Filters is a one-of-a-kind and completely up-to-date reference on the subject for both beginners in tunable RF systems looking for learning the fundamentals, as well as advanced researchers who are interested in the most effective techniques and latest developments in the field.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
About the Authors xiii
Preface xiv
Acknowledgments xvi
List of Abbreviations xviii
About the Companion Website xx
Part I Principles 1
1 Background 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.1.1 Filters Necessity 3
1.1.2 Alternative Filtering Methods 4
1.2 Filter Anatomy and Representation 5
1.2.1 The Basic Coupling Matrix (M Matrix) 5
1.2.2 Coupling-Routing Diagrams 8
1.2.3 Additions to the Coupling Matrix for Synthesis of Advanced and Practical Filter Responses 10
1.2.3.1 Positive and Negative Coupling Values 10
1.2.3.2 Finite Resonator Quality Factors 11
1.2.3.3 Resonator Frequency Tuning 13
1.2.3.4 Non-Resonating Nodes 13
1.2.3.5 Complex Impedance Loads 16
1.3 Tunable Resonators in Filters 20
1.3.1 Planar Tunable Resonators 21
1.3.2 Ferrimagnetic Tunable Resonators 22
1.3.3 Evanescent-Mode 3-D Tunable Resonators 22
2 Evanescent-Mode Resonators 25
2.1 Physical Structure 25
2.2 Analysis 26
2.2.1 Coaxial Cable Approximation 26
2.2.1.1 Unloaded Quality Factor 28
2.2.2 Tapered Resonator Model 30
2.2.2.1 Frequency Tuning Ratio 34
2.2.3 Tuning Range and Quality Factor Co-optimization 37
2.3 Coupling Techniques 38
2.3.1 External Coupling 38
2.3.2 Inter-Resonator Coupling 43
2.4 Coupling Values Polarity 44
2.4.1 External Coupling Polarity 44
2.4.2 Inter-Resonator Coupling Polarity 45
2.5 Advanced Evanescent-Mode Structures 48
2.5.1 Dual-Mode Resonators 48
2.5.2 Fractional Mode Resonators 49
2.6 Filter Examples 51
2.6.1 Chebyshev Bandpass Filter 51
2.6.2 Butterworth Bandstop Filter 53
Part II Implementation 55
3 Printed Circuit Board Technology 57
3.1 Evanescent-Mode Resonator Structure 57
3.1.1 Practical Considerations 58
3.2 Tunable Membrane 60
3.2.1 Piezoelectric Disk Tuners 60
3.2.2 Contactless Mechanical Actuators 61
4 Silicon Microfabrication 65
4.1 Generic Structure 65
4.2 MEMS Tuner Design 66
4.3 Microfabrication Process 68
4.3.1 MEMS Tuner Microfabrication 68
4.3.2 Evanescent-Mode Resonator Microfabrication 69
4.3.3 Bias Electrode Microfabrication 69
4.3.4 Filter Assembly 70
4.4 Mechanical Model and Power Handling 72
5 Injection Molding 77
5.1 Manufacturing Technology 77
5.1.1 Device Concept 77
5.1.2 Injection Molding Technology 78
5.1.3 Material Selection 80
5.1.4 Design for Moldability 81
5.2 Resonator and Filter RF Design 82
5.2.1 Resonator 82
5.2.2 Filter 83
5.3 Fabrication and Measurements 85
5.3.1 Resonator 85
5.3.2 Filter Performance Measurements 87
5.3.3 Power Handling 90
5.4 Discussion 93
5.5 Conclusion 95
5.6 How to Choose the Right Manufacturing Technology 95
5.7 How to Choose the Right Actuator for the Filter 96
Part III Applications 99
6 Absorptive Bandstop Filters 101
6.1 Design Principles of Absorptive Filters 101
6.1.1 Analysis of a Two-Pole Absorptive Bandstop Filter 101
6.1.2 W-Band Absorptive Bandstop Filter 104
6.1.2.1 Filter Design 104
6.1.2.2 Fabrication and Measurements 107
6.2 Triplet Quasi-absorptive Topology 109
6.2.1 Quasi-absorptive Filter Design and Implementation 111
6.2.1.1 Measured Results 114
7 Bandwidth and Passband Control 115
7.1 Bandwidth Control for Bandpass Filters 115
7.1.1 Filter Design 116
7.1.1.1 Bandwidth Variation 116
7.1.1.2 Quality Factor Impact 118
7.1.1.3 Impedance Matching 119
7.1.1.4 Simulated Results 120
7.1.2 Filter Implementation 122
7.2 BSF Bandwidth Control 126
7.2.1 Constant Bandwidth Coupling Concept 128
7.2.1.1 BW Variation Versus T-Line Length and Tuning Range 131
7.2.1.2 Phase Variation 134
7.2.2 Constant Bandwidth Filter Design 136
7.2.2.1 External Coupling 136
7.2.2.2 External Coupling Structures: Polarity Design 138
7.2.2.3 Inter-Resonator Coupling 140
7.2.3 Fabrication and Measurements 141
7.2.3.1 Constant FBW Filter 142
7.2.3.2 Constant ABW Filter 143
7.2.3.3 Four-Pole Filter 144
8 High-Order and Fractional-Order Evanescent-Mode Filters 147
8.1 High-Order Evanescent-Mode Filters 147
8.1.1 Independently Tunable Dual-Mode Evanescent-Mode Filter 147
8.1.1.1 Resonator Design 148
8.1.1.2 Filter Design 150
8.1.1.3 Experimental Validation 151
8.1.2 High Selectivity Dual-Mode Filters 152
8.1.2.1 Resonator Design 154
8.1.2.2 Constant Absolute Bandwidth BPF Filter 157
8.1.2.3 Filter A: Implementation and Validation 160
8.1.2.4 Filter B: Implementation and Validation 161
8.1.2.5 Filter C: Implementation and Validation 162
8.1.2.6 Filter D: Implementation and Validation 162
8.1.3 Four-Wedge Evanescent-Mode Resonator 165
8.1.3.1 Bandpass Filter Design 165
8.1.3.2 Design Example 167
8.2 Tunable Half-Mode SIW Filter 170
9 Advanced Evanescent-Mode Filter Structures 175
9.1 Bandpass-to-bandstop Reconfigurable Filter 175
9.1.1 Bandpass-to-bandstop Filter Theory 176
9.1.1.1 Coupling Structure to Switch M 01 and M 03 Simultaneously 177
9.1.2 Bandpass-to-bandstop Reconfigurable Filter Design 179
9.1.3 Measured Results 180
9.2 Field-programmable Filter Array 184
9.2.1 Positive-to-negative Coupling Structure 184
9.2.2 Response Enhancements Enabled By Positive-to-negative Inter-Resonator Coupling 185
9.2.2.1 Zero Net Coupling State Enhancement Using Destructive Interference 185
9.2.2.2 Local Stopband Attenuation Enhancement Technique 187
9.2.3 Resonator Array Design and Fabrication 188
9.2.4 Measured Results 189
10 Passive Applications 195
10.1 Impedance Tuner 195
10.1.1 Design and Fabrication 195
10.1.2 Measured Results 197
10.2 Single-ended (SE) and Balanced (BAL) Diplexers 198
10.2.1 Dual-Mode Diplexing Concept 198
10.2.1.1 Diplexing Architecture 198
10.2.1.2 Resonant Frequency Misalignment 199
10.2.1.3 Inter-Resonator Coupling 201
10.2.2 SE–SE Diplexer Implementation and Measurements 201
10.2.2.1 External Coupling 201
10.2.2.2 Measured Results 201
10.2.3 SE–BAL Diplexer Implementation and Measurements 202
10.2.3.1 External Coupling 202
10.2.3.2 Measured Results 203
10.2.4 BAL–BAL Diplexer Implementation and Measurements 205
10.2.4.1 External Coupling 205
10.2.4.2 Measured Results 205
10.3 Tunable Filtering Rat-race Couplers Based on Half- and Full-mode Evanescent-mode Resonators 207
10.3.1 Design 207
10.3.2 Full-mode Rat-race Coupler 209
10.3.2.1 Experimental Validation 209
10.3.3 Half-mode Rat-race Coupler 210
10.3.3.1 Half-mode Structure 210
10.3.3.2 Experimental Validation 211
11 Active Applications 215
11.1 Co-Design of Power Amplifiers and High-Q Filters 215
11.1.1 Filter Design 216
11.1.2 Transistor Characterization 217
11.1.3 Matching Filter Design 217
11.1.3.1 Fundamental and Harmonic Matchings 219
11.1.4 PA Design 220
11.1.5 Experimental Results 220
11.1.6 Co-Design of PA and Three-Pole High-Q Tunable Filter 222
11.2 Phase-Locked Loop 224
11.2.1 Frequency Synthesizer Architecture and Phase Noise Model 224
11.2.2 Circuit Design and Optimizations 226
11.2.2.1 Evanescent-Mode Cavity Resonator 226
11.2.2.2 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Design 226
11.2.2.3 Phase-Locked Loop Design 227
11.2.2.4 Measured Results 229
11.3 Balanced–Balanced Tunable Filtering LNA 231
11.3.1 Cavity Resonator-LNA Co-Design 231
11.3.1.1 Evanescent-Mode Resonators 232
11.3.1.2 Lna 232
11.3.2 Implementation and Measured Results 233
12 Monitoring and Control 235
12.1 Monitoring and Control of PCB-based Resonators: Diplexer Example 235
12.1.1 System Architecture 235
12.1.1.1 Diplexer 236
12.1.1.2 Resonators Monitoring and Control 237
12.1.1.3 Spectrum Sensing 240
12.1.2 Control Loop Analysis 242
12.1.3 Design Details 242
12.1.3.1 Diplexer Structure 242
12.1.3.2 Oscillator and Frequency Counter 243
12.1.3.3 Control Unit and Charge Pump 246
12.1.4 Implementation and Measurements 247
12.1.4.1 Implementation 247
12.1.4.2 Monitoring Performance 248
12.1.4.3 RF Performance 250
12.1.4.4 Spectrum-aware Measurements 254
12.2 Monitoring and Control of Silicon-based Filters 254
12.2.1 Monitoring Concepts and Optimizations 255
12.2.1.1 Inductive Proximity Sensing 255
12.2.1.2 Circuit Optimization 257
12.2.1.3 Spiral Inductor 261
12.2.2 Control System Design 261
12.2.3 Testbed Filter Design 263
12.2.4 Implementation and Measurements 263
12.2.4.1 Fabrication 263
12.2.4.2 Sensing Feedback 265
12.2.4.3 Filter Monitoring and Control 266
12.3 Monitoring and Control Applications: Temperature Compensation 267
12.3.1 Temperature Control 268
12.3.1.1 Temperature Compensation System Implementation 268
12.3.1.2 Room Temperature Filter Performance 268
12.3.1.3 Temperature Compensation Performance 268
References 275
Index 289
